2022年电大学位英语考试之阅读理解

《2022年电大学位英语考试之阅读理解》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年电大学位英语考试之阅读理解（12页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。

1、1 / 12 、规则和习俗 A man on a lonely island A man on a lonely island can act as he likes because he has no one to consider except himself. But when Robinson Crusoe discovered footprints in the sand, he could no longer act precisely as before. He had to think of the existence of a companion and the possib

2、le effect of his actions upon a second person. Two people thus suddenly brought face to face can not ignore each other. Either one must overcome the other or they must arrive at some form of coexistence. In the latter event they have first to convince each other of their friendly intentions. When a

3、man comes upon a tribe whose language he does not know, he will nod and smile, make friendly gestures and perhaps send them small gifts. If these offers are successful, the tribesmen will take him to their village and bring him food and drink. Moreover, the arrival of an important visitor is somethi

4、ng out of the ordinary. So, as an answer to the feeling that their guest should be treated as well as they can, something better than the ordinary food will be provided, and the meal followed by singing and dancing. The host wishes to make his guest feel at home, the guest to show thanks of the kind

5、ness he has received. Questions of good behavior and consideration for others maybe have arisen in one form or another since social life began, because social life is impossible if each person thinks only of himself. If men are to live together in a community they must, as a measure of common sense

6、and in the interest of all，accept a certain number of rules and conventions. Such agreement is more than ever necessary. Chaos may result when four people play bridge according to widely different conventions. The same is true of social life. 1. A man on a lonely island can act as he likes, because

7、_. D. he feels it unnecessary to consider others 2. Two strangers will never get along well unless _. C. they make peace with each other or one defeats the other 3. If you meet a tribe whose language you dont know, you can offer all the followings EXCEPT_. A. teaching them your language 4. The arriv

8、al of an important visitor is something out of the ordinary, so they will. C. receive the visitor better 5. If you want to live well in a community,. C. you should follow the rules and conventions of society 、有礼貌 Manners are important to happy relations among people Manners are important to happy re

9、lations among people. Everyone likes a person with good manners. No one likes a person with bad manners. But what are good manners? How does one know what to do and what not to do? Well, here are some examples. A person with good manners never laughs at people when they are in trouble. Instead, he t

10、ries to help them. He is always kind to others. When people are waiting for a bus, he takes his turn. He does not push to the front of the line. On the bus he gives his seat to an older person or a person with a very young child. If he knocks into someone, or gets in his way, he says Excuse me or Im

11、 sorry. He says Please when he asks for something and Thank you when he receives something. He stands up when he is speaking to an older person, and he does not sit down until the other person takes his seat. He does not interrupt other people when they are talking. He does not talk too much. He doe

12、s not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. When he is eating, he does not speak with his mouth full of food. He uses a handkerchief when he sneezes or coughs. He does not spit in public. As a student, it is a bad manner to come late to class. If you are late you should make an apology to the teach

13、er either at the time or after the class. It is also a bad manner to keep silent when the teacher asks you a question. If you do not know the answer, say so immediately. If you do know, answer in a loud enough voice so that all the class may hear. It is polite for the students to help the teacher. S

14、ometimes students can help their teachers to clean the blackboard, to close or open the door or windows. Sometimes there are papers to collect or to hand out. This kind of help is always appreciated. Ideas of what are good manners are not always the same in different countries. But in all countries

15、it is important to be kind and helpful. 1. person with good manners is popular with others because _. B. he knows what to do and what not to do on different occasions 2. A person with good manners will _ those in trouble. D. do whatever he can do help 3. When you are with an old man, you should do a

16、ll the following except _. C. interrupting him if he talks too much 4. Which of the following is NOT proper for a student with good manners to do? A. Making no sound all the time in class. 5. Youd better keep in mind that _. D. When in Rome, do as the Romans do 、保护濒危物种 While plant and animal species

17、 are disappearing While plant and animal species are disappearing at a rapidly increasing rate throughout the world, scientists note some success stories. For example, the number of elephants killed illegally in Africa has fallen sharply. 89 thousand were killed in 1983. 46 thousand were killed one

18、year later. This happened because African countries agreed to establish export limits on ivory from elephants. Ivory is the hard white material that forms an elephants two long teeth, or tusks. Countries that import ivory are refusing to accept ivory shipments that do not have legal export documents

19、. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species in a treaty signed by 91 nations led to the program for saving endangered elephants in Africa.Successful efforts also have been made in protecting Africas endangered mountain gorillas. Almost 400 of the gorillas survive in a volcano area

20、on the border of Rwanda, Uganda and Zaire. The mountain gorilla population has remained about the same for 15 years. This happened partly, because Rwanda developed an important business that depends on protecting the gorillas. Visitors there can pay to get close to watch the gorillas in the animals

21、traditional home area. Another successful program is to take endangered animals out of their natural homes. The animals are put into zoos or other protected areas where they can reproduce in safety. The goal of many of these programs is to produce enough animals to put back into the wild. 51. What i

22、s the best title for this passage? B) Protecting Endangered Species 52. The number of elephants killed illegally in Africa has decreased greatly in that _. A) African countries agreed to establish export limits on ivory from elephants 53. In Africa, the number of elephants killed illegally in 1983 a

23、nd 1984 was _. C) 135,00054. The number of mountain gorillas has remained about the same for many years partly because of _. A) the development of an important business that depends on protecting the gorillas 55. The phrase the wild in Paragraph 5 refers to _. B) the natural areas full of animals an

24、d plants 、卓别林 Charlie chaplin has broken all records Charlie chaplin has broken all records in making people laugh no one has so set a whole world laughing as the little man with the walking stick and the overlarge shoes. Much has been written about chaplins art and his career, and opinions have ran

25、ged widely. But perhaps those who called him “the most general human being of our time ” came closest to the truth. Those who have called him a genius stress the timeless and common qualities in his work, it is an art filled with sad elements and deep human feeling, with which an audience cannot hel

26、p but become involved. It is for these reasons, I believe, that th figure of Charlie has attracted generation after generation. All the writers who give accounts of chaplins life agree that charlies unhappy early years in the area in London where houses were dirty and worn had a great influence on h

27、is development and on the type of films he made, chaplin himself emphasizes it in his memoirs( 回忆录 ), the more one reads about his earliest period, the more on tends to agree indeed, his suffering youth had a lasting influence on him. Chaplin was never afraid to deal with subjects causing much disag

28、reement in his films, he gave a humorous performance on war only a few weeks before the American 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 12 页2 / 12 soldiers came home from world war I in 1918, this was regarded as madness, but the performance was well received. So perfectly did it hit t

29、he mail on the head that even the returning soldiers found it impossible to hate it and deeply appreciated this short and humorous performance on what for them had been unpleasant reality. Chaplin gave numerous performances attacking capital governments, satirizing( 讽刺 ) the cruelty of the machine a

30、ge and even making fun of Hitler. Years after his death, the funny films of motion picture actor and director Charlie chaplin continue to be popular. He is particularly well known for his success as a creator of humorous presentations that make fun of people, the establishment, or networks. 1 all of

31、 the following about Charlie chaplin are true except A he was born in the USA 2 according to the author, Charlie chaplin has been popular with generation after generation because D both B and C 3 acc ording to Charlie chaplins life history writers,_had a strong influence on the type of films he made

32、. D his unhappy early years in the poor area in London 4 according to the passage, which of the following true? D chaplin s films are the combinations of funny and sad elements 5 this passage was B written about Charlie chaplin 、美国人喜欢上大学 the more you learn, the more you earn “ the more you learn, th

33、e more you earn,”said the pop singer Cyndi lauper as she accepted her high school diploma at the age of 35. in the USA today, about 75% of jobs require some education or technical training beyond high school. The lowest wage earners in the USA are those without high school degrees, college graduates

34、 out-earn those without a college education, people with master s degrees out-earn those with only bachelors, and the highest incomes of all are earned by people with advanced academic degrees. These facts explain why most of young Americans go to college. But more diplomas dont always mean more mon

35、ey. Many skilled blue-collar workers, salespeople, and business executives out-earn college professors and scientist. And great athletes and actors out- earn everyone else! But college education is not only preparation for a career, it is also (or should be) preparation for life. In addition to cour

36、ses in their major field of study, most students have time to take elective course. They may take classes that help them understand more about human nature, government, the arts, or sciences. Today, more than half of American high school graduates go to college. But recently high school graduates no

37、 longer dominate the college campuses. Today, it is quite common for adults of all ages to come back to college for personal growth. Now about half of all the American college students are older than 25, and 20% of them are over 35. For Americans, to receive college education is very important. This

38、 is proved by the rising number of Americans who have at least a bachelors degree. About 20% of Americans are college graduates, however, among younger adults and working people, the percentage is at least 25%, much higher than in most other major nations, in the USA, college education is not regard

39、ed as privilege for the wealthy or the academically talented. In fact everyone who wants to go to college can do so. 1. many young Americans want to go to college because B they can get higher income with higher degrees 2. it could be concluded from the second paragraph that C college education can

40、make a student understand a lot about the world around him 3. when the students study in college, they can D do all of the above 4. in America, the percentage of college graduates among working people is B much higher than in most other major nations 5. which of the following can most probably be in

41、ferred from the passage? B all of the Americans have realized the importance of receiving a college education 、保持年轻 If you want to keep young If you want to keep young, sit down and have a good think, this is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not

42、 getting enough exercise, and as a result, we are getting old soon. Professor taiju matsuzawa at Tokyo national university wanted to find out why quite he althy fanners in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at rather early age, and how the speed of getting old cou

43、ld be slowed down. With a team of researchers, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and different jobs Computer technology enabled the researchers to get most exact measurements of the volume of the front and side parts of the brain, which have something to do

44、with intellect and feelings, and decide the human character. As we all know, the back part of the brain, which controls tasks like eating and breathing, does not contract with age. Contraction of front and side parts as cells die off was seen in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not

45、evident in some sixty-and seventy-year -olds. Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple way to prevent the contraction- using the head. The findings show that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.”those with least possibility.” Said matsuz

46、awa, “are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing the same work day after day in government offices are, however, as likely to have contracting brains as the farm workers, bus drivers and shop assistants”1 the team of doctors wanted to find out B why some p

47、eople age sooner than others 2 the front and side parts of the brain relate to all of the following aspects EXCEPT D eating and breathing3 the word “subjects”(in paragraph 4) most probably refers toB persons chosen to be studied in an experiment 4 according to the research findings, which kind of pe

48、ople seems to age most quickly? D farm workers4 according to the passage, which people seems to age slower than the others? B lawyers5 which of the following sentences is NOT mentioned in the passage? C the team of doctors made these tests in order to show how the brain works 6 On What are their res

49、earch findings based? C The study of brain volumes of different people. 7 The doctor s tests show that _ . D some people s brains have contracted more than other people s 、牛仔裤 In 1848, gold was discovered in California In 1848, gold was discovered in California, from all over the nation, thousands o

50、f young men set out for California people called this the time of the gold rush. A gold miner came into a city looking for a pair of pants. He wanted pants strong enough to stand up to the rough work of mining. He met a young man named Levi, who sold heavy cloth for tents and wagon tops. They asked

51、a tailor to use heavy cloth for their pants. Then Levi went into the business of making work pants, he asked his brothers to send him some strong blue cotton cloth called denim(斜纹粗棉布 ). With this blue denim cloth, Levi started making the kind of pants we call blue jeans today. They were sewed up in

52、the same way as other pants. In 1860, a miner said that the pockets werent strong enough to hold the pieces of gold he found. The pockets kept pulling loose from the pants. The cloth was all right. It was the thread that wasn t strong enough. So Levi used rivets(铆钉 ) attach the pockets onto the pant

53、s. Cowboys needed tough pants, too. They liked their pants to fit tightly. But the rivets marked the cowboys saddles. So Levi covered the rivets with cloth. Then 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 12 页3 / 12 everybody was happy. 1 this article as a whole is about A. how people got

54、blue jeans 2 while not stated in the article, you can tell that C Levi made more money than many gold miners 3 the word this in the first paragraph, last sentence, refers to C. many people looking for gold 4 Levi used strong blue cotton cloth to make pants because C. miners wanted pants which could

55、stand rough work 5 which of the following sentences is not correct? B it was one tailor who started making blue jeans 、关于文化震荡的原因及症状 Culture shock might be called an occupational Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenlytransplanted abroad. Like most ailme

56、nts it has its own symptoms and cure. Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs andsymbols of social intercourse. Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we 4orient ourselves to the situation of daily life: when to shake hands

57、 and what to say when we meetpeople when and how to give tips how to make purchases when to accept and when to refuseinvitations when to take statements seriously and when not. These cues which may be words gesturesfacial expressions customs or norms are acquired by all of us in the course of growin

58、g up and are asmuch a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for ourpeace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues most of which we do not carry on the levelof conscious awareness. Now when an individual enters a strange culture all or mos

59、t of these familiar cues are removed.He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded or full of goodwill you may be aseries of props have been knocked from under you followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety.People react to the frustration in much the same way. First they re

60、ject the environment which causes thediscomfort. “The ways of the host country are bad because they make me feelbad. ” When foreigners ina strange land get together to grouse about the host country and its people you can be sure they aresuffering from culture shock. Another phase of culture shock is

61、 regression. The home environmentsuddenly assumes a tremendous importance. To the foreigner everything becomes irrationally glorified.All the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. Itusually takes trip home to bring one back to reality. 1. Accordin

62、g to the passage culture shock _. C is actually not a disease 2. According to the passage culture shock results from _. A the sudden change of the social atmosphere and customs 3. Which one of the following may not be the symptoms of culture shock C You suddenly forget what a word means. 4. How woul

63、d a person who stays abroad most probably react when he or she is frustrated by the culture shock according to the passage A He is most likely to refuse to absorb the strange environment at first. 5. This passage is most likely taken from _. D an essay on human customs 、月份英文名的由来 The English names of

64、 the months of the year come from Latin 1.The English names of the months of the year come from Latin.January,March,May,and June were all named after Roman gods.January was named after the goal Janus.Janus was a strange god with two faces that could look in two directions.He could look forward and b

65、ack at the same time,so he was the god of beginnings and endings.January,the first month of the year,is a time at which one looks forward to the New Year and back to the old year. 2.The name February comes from a Roman celebration called Februa.Februa was a celebration of cleaning.Toward the end of

66、February,after the long winter months,people begin to think of spring cleaning.This probably was the origin of the name of the month.February has only twenty-eight days except every fourth year,when it has an extra day.This is because in every year there are exactly 365 days and six hours.At the end

67、 of four years,these six extra hours of each year add up to twenty-four hours,or one full day.This fourth year,in which February has twenty-nine days,is called leap year. 3.The third month,March,was named after the Roman god of war,Mars.Mars was a strong god,and the Roman people always connected him

68、 with thunder and lightning.Pictures of Mars always show him with lightning above his head.It is natural that March should be named after this god since in most of North America,it is a month of strong winds,rain,and storms.There is frequent thunder and lightning in March. 4.The exact origin of the

69、word April is not known.The word probably comes from the Latin word aperire,meaning to open.Today,the Italian word for to open is aprire and the Spanish word is abrir.In the month of April,the skies open and give us rain.The rain aids in the opening of life among trees,grass,and flowers. 5.May was n

70、amed after the young and beautiful goddess of the fields,Maia.Maia was the mother of the god Mercury.Another beautiful goddess,Juno,the wife of Jupiter,give us the name of the month of June. 6.The seventh month of the year,July,was named after Julius Caesar.Caesar was a famous general who became dic

71、tator of Rome.Before the time of Caesar,the year began in March instead of in January.Caesar made a new calendar,which is the one we use at present.He himself was born in July,the seventh month of the new calendar. 7.After Julius Caesar,his grandnephew Augustus became the ruler of Rome.Augustus real

72、 name was Octavian,but when he became emperor,the people wished to please him.They gave him the title of Augustus,meaning noble,and they named the eighth month,August,after him. 8.The months of September,October,November,and December need little explanation.In our calendar today,they are the ninth,t

73、enth,eleventh,and twelfth months.But in the old calendar before Julius Caesar,they were the seventh,eighth,ninth,and tenth months.Their names therefore came from the Latin words for seventh,eighth,ninth,and tenth. 1.在英语里，一年中每个月份的名字来源于拉丁语。JANUARY( 一月 )、MARCH( 三月 ) 、MAY( 五月 ) 和JUNE(六月 )都是用罗马神的名字来命名的。J

74、ANUARY( 一月)得名于神宙斯。宙斯是个奇特的神，他有两张脸能看两个方向。他能同时看到前面和后面，所以，他是开始和结束的神。JANUARY( 一月 )，一年的第一个月，是向前展望新年的时刻，也是向后回顾旧年的时刻。2.FEBRUARY( 二月 )的名字来源于一个罗马庆典的日子（FEBRUA ）。该日庆祝清洁。接近二月底，在漫长的冬季月份之后，人们开始考虑春天的清洁。大概是 FEBRUARY( 二月)这个名字的起源吧。除了每四年一次的额外多的一天，二月仅仅有二十八天。这是因为每一年实际上有365天6小时。在四年的年底，把每年额外的 6小时累加，恰好是24小时，或者说是完整的一天。这个二月有2

75、9天的第四年被称为闰年。3.MARCH( 三月)，一年中的第三个月，得名于罗马战神玛斯（MARS ），玛斯是一位强壮的神，罗马人把它与雷鸣电闪联系在一起。玛斯的像头部总是被画上闪电。三月以这个神命名是很自然的，因为北美洲的许多地方，三月是强风、大雨和暴风雪的季节。在三月，经常有雷鸣和闪电发生。4.APRIL( 四月 )这个词的确切来源并不为人所知。这个词也许来源于拉丁语的APERIRE，意思是“打开”。今天意大利语中的“打开”是APRIRE，西班牙语则是 ABRIR 。在 APRIL( 四月)，天空似乎打开并赐给我们雨水，雨水给树木、草、花朵带来生机。5.MAY( 五月)得名于年轻美丽的原野女

76、神玛雅（MAIA ）。玛雅是神麦克瑞（MERCURY ）的母亲。另外一个美丽的女神朱诺（JUNO）是丘比特的妻子，她给了我们 JUNE(六月 )的名字。6.一年中的第七个月，JULY(七月 )，得名于以朱利斯凯撒（JULIUS CAESAR ）。凯撒是一个著名的将军，后来成为罗马帝国的独裁者。在凯撒帝国之前，每年开始于三月而不是一月。凯撒创造了一部新历法，也就是我们现在使用的这部历法。凯撒自己也出生于JULY(七月)，即新历法的第七个月。7.在凯撒之后，他的外孙奥古斯塔斯（AUGUSTUS ）成为罗马的统治者。奥古斯塔斯的真名叫屋大维。但是当他成为君主后，人们为取悦他，给了他奥古斯塔斯的头衔，

77、意思是“贵族”。在他之后，人们称一年的第八个月为AUGUST( 八月 )。8.SEPTEMBER( 九月)、OCTOBER( 十月)、NOVEMBER( 十一月 )、和 DECEMBER( 十二月 )需要一些小小的解释。它们在我们今天的日历里是一年的第九、第十、 第 十 一 和 第 十二 个 月 ， 但 是 在凯 撒 以 前 的 古历 法 中 ， 它 们是 一 年的 第 七 、第 八 、 第 九 、 和第 十 个 月 。因此 ， 它 们 名 字源 自 拉 丁 文 的 第七（SEPTEMBER），第八（ OCTOBER ），第九（ NOVEMBER ），和第十（ DECEMBER ）。1、Wha

78、t do people often do in the first month of the year? D、Both A and C. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 12 页4 / 12 2、The second month of a year is named February probably because C、it is time to consider spring cleaning 3、Regarding the origin of the name of the second month of a ye

79、ar, the author is A、not very sure 4、According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A、It is frequently rainy and stormy in March in most of North America. 5、Which of the following statements might be the topic sentence of this passage? B、The English names of the months of the year are from

80、 Latin. 、死记硬背 Rote-learning Rote-learning (死记硬背 ), spoon-fed education, produces a brand of kids that dont know what to do when entering university. They are disciplined into following, not leading. Yet the future depends on creativity and imagination. The world needs creators, makers and shakers of

81、 the new centuries, not the followers of the past centuries. As the numbers increase at college and university level, more students from the lower ends are likely to be thrown into a system designed to choose only learners that have proved excellent in listening to teachers. There are three ways to

82、learn: looking, listening and doing. Students and teachers today are a product of learning by listening. The computer may not be liked by traditional teachers, who use rote-learning to put information, which will be out of date in a few years, into the heads of the students. With computer learning y

83、ou learn by looking, listening and doing。 you use three methods of learning, not just one. Therefore, you can learn faster. The changing speed of information is frightening. What we learn now will be out of date in the near future. So what students are learning now at school may be replaced by the t

84、ime they finish university. We have to learn by choice what to forget. Rote-learning for exams is one thing, but wouldnt it be better to learn how to learn?The students at university today could possibly be doing a job in the not too distant future which has not yet been invented. 1、According to the

85、 author, the future doesnt need D、followers 2、In the authors view, how can students learn well? D、Combine listening with looking and doing. 3、What does the author mean by The changing speed of information is frightening? B、What we learned today may not be useful tomorrow. 4、What does the last senten

86、ce of the passage tell us? B、Students may have to do jobs which have not yet been invented. 5、The authors attitude towards rote-learning is B、disapproving 、 Since the late 1960s a growing number of women have expressed Since the late 1960s a growing number of women have expressed a strong dissatisfa

87、ction with any marriage arrangement wherein the husband and his career are the primary considerations in the marriage.By the end of the 1970s, for example, considerably less than half of the women in the United States still believed that they would put their husbands and children ahead of their own

88、careers. More and more American women have come to believe that they should be equal partners rather than junior partners in their marriages. This stage of marriage, although not typical of most American marriages at present, will grow most rapidly in the future. In an equal partnership marriage, th

89、e wife pursues a full-time job or career which has equal importance to her husbands. The long-standing division of labor between husband and wife comes to an end. .The husband is no longer the main provider of family income, and the wife no longer has the main responsibilities for household duties a

90、nd raising children. Husband and wife share all these duties equally. Power over family decisions is also shared equally. The rapid change in womens attitudes toward marriage in the 1970s reflected rapid change in the larger society. The Womens Liberation Movement appeared in the late 1960s, demandi

91、ng an end to all forms of sexual discrimination against females. An Equal Rights Amendment (修正案) to the U.S. Constitution was proposed which would make any form of discrimination on the basis of sex illegal, and though it has failed to be ratified, it continues to have millions of supporters. 1、Sinc

92、e the late 1960s more women have been dissatisfied with the marriage where in B、they are in the inferior position 2、What is the long-standing division of labor between husband and wife in America? D、Husband plays a superior role while wife plays an inferior role. 3、Which statement is NOT true about

93、the new type of marriage? C、Wife earns the living while husband does housework. 4、The womens attitudes toward marriage contribute to D、all of the above 5、Which of the following can be the title for this passage? A、The Changing Patterns of Americans Marriage 、保护野生动物 When all the animals of a species

94、die out When all the animals of a species die out, the whole loses. That creature is gone forever. Many people are worried about this happening to large numbers of wild animals. they spent time campaigning to help preserve wild life.One of the best known preservationists (保护者 ) is Joan Embery. She i

95、s an attractive young woman who works for the San Diego Zoo. Her wide knowledge of animals makes her a frequent guest on TV talk shows. She has been on the “Johnny Carson show” ever forty times she explains common errors in thinking about wildlife .For example, gorillas(大猩猩) arent the ferocious beas

96、ts .they appear to be .They are really quite shy. Monkeys that smile are not as happy as the may seem. In fact a monkeys ear-to-ear, grin means watch out, snakes really help nature by eating harmful in sects. So people should try to protect them. Joan Embey , hopes that once people understand animal

97、s better they will do their best to present them. Joan helped pioneer the field of Zoo work for women. Before she became well, known few women were connected with this field. It was not considered a desirable profession. Now many woman work in Zoos. “Its a great feeling to help keep an animal thrivi

98、ng on the earth. says Joan. Anyone who cares about wildlife certainly agrees .How lucky animals are to have a friend like Joan Embary. 1 Joan Embary is a _ A、 naturalist 2Many people are worried that _ C 、may species in the animal world may die out 3 Gorillas are _ A、 gentle and shy 4 snakes are_ C

99、the enemy of harmful insects 5 It is implied but not stated that now many women work in zoos. because_ BJoan Embery has set a good example for them. Joan Embery 、做一个男人是危险的 Being a man has always been dangerous Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 female

100、s, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 12 页5 / 12 70-year old people there are twice as many women as men.But the great universal ( 普遍性 ) of male mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well

101、 as girls do. This means that for the first time there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too li

102、ght or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more force of evolution has gone. There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Except in some religious communities, very fe

103、w women have 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of children. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have disappeared. India shows what is happening

104、. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today-everyone being the same in survival and number of children-means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in middle-class compared to the tribe. For us, this

105、means that evolution is over 。 the biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No other species fills so many places in nature. But in the past 100 000 years- even the past 100 years-our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve, bec

106、ause machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution 。 they look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension. No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its uglines

107、s. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us. 5.What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph? C. A lower survival rate. 6.What does the example of India illustrate? B. Natural selection hardly works among the r

108、ich and the poor. 7.The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because . A. life has been improved by technological advance 8.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? D. Human Evolution Going Nowhere. 16. According to the author, what was the danger a man had to f

109、ace? C) Lower survival. 17.The sentence There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide perhaps means _. C) there is another factor to prevent us from evolving 18. The example of India interprets that _. B) natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor 19. The author argues that our

110、 bodies have stopped evolving because_. A) life has been improved by technological advance 20. What is the main idea of the passage? D) Human evolution going nowhere. 、美国上班族如何衣着 How do the American office men and women dress themselves How do the American office men and women dress themselves when t

111、hey go to work? In certain kinds of businesses the men wear only suits of a conservative nature with white shirts and dark ties。 in others, men wear blazers and quiet-pattern sport Jackets. In some institutions women know instinctively to wear skirts (there are no rules posted saying they should not

112、 wear pants). In some other types of Jobs women wear pants - well-cut, well-fitting ones - freely, and in certain other jobs that demand physical activity pants are almost a necessity. In conservative business such as banks, insurance companies, and company headquarters, men and women should have on

113、e fashion and one only。 to dress in good taste. Good taste does not need a major investment in designers originals。 good taste means dressing in an understated rather than overstated manner. The importance of grooming cannot be overemphasized. Without it, there is no successful fashion. It would be

114、helpful if everyone were to go over their grooming check list in front of a full-length mirror before leaving home each morning. Career people can keep a full set of toiletries and make-up stored somewhere at the office. A woman going to an evening party should dress in the morning in one of her bas

115、ic dresses - the kind that can change into a different look with an added scarf or jewelry. She can metamorphose herself into another person with freshly cleaned teeth, combed hair, a new face, a different and dressier pair of shoes, and some sparkling jewelry. In addition to a razor and toothbrush,

116、 men should keep a change of shirt in their office so that they can go off in the evening looking refreshed. If the occasion is formal they too must store their black-tie paraphernalia and their dressy black shoes in their office. 1. According to the text, some women have to work in pants because _.

117、 A. pants are almost a necessity for their work 2. dress in good taste (in Paragraph 3) may refer to_. D. dress in proper and unobvious clothes 3. The importance of grooming cannot be overemphasized (段4) may most probably mean_. C. grooming should be overemphasized because it is very important 4. It

118、 is suggested in the text that before leaving home for work _ . D. everyone make sure he or she is properly dressed or made up 5. Which of the following can be inferred from the text? C. Both men and women may go to an evening engagement before returning home. 、伦敦大学 The University of London is one o

119、f Britains largest The University of London is one of Britains largest centers for higher education, with a name for international education. Located in one of the worlds most dynamic cities, we can offer international students a wide and diverse cultural life, as well as the very best course choice

120、 and teaching. We offer our international students the ability to study and improve their command of English, to ensure they get the best from the course of their choice. International students are assured of a successful and happy time while studying at the University of London. We have a Student S

121、ervice Office to help you at all times, and first-year students are ensured a place in halls of residence if desired. Your teacher will give you personal instructions if required. Students can enjoy themselves in the free health center at any time. As a final point, we offer religious service rooms

122、for those of all faiths and as London is an international city, we can put students in touch with many religious groups in this area. Finally, with excellent air, rail and road links to the rest of Britain, Europe and the world, getting here is easy. 1.The University of London is situated at a city

123、_. B) full of activity and energy 2.The University of London is famous for_. D) international education 3.Whenever international students have any difficulty in life, they can go to_ for help. C) the Student Service Office 4.The university assures the first year students that _. A) they can have a p

124、lace in halls of residence if they wish to 5.The main purpose of this passage is to_. C) draw more international students 、学习汉语 The fourth-graders atChicagos McCormick Elementary School The fourth-graders atChicagos McCormickElementary School dont know Chinese is supposed to be hard to learn. For mo

125、st, who speak Spanish at home, its becoming 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 12 页6 / 12 their third language. Theyve been heating and using Chinese words since nursery, and its natural to give a “ni hao ”when strangers enter the classroom.“Its really fun!” says Miranda Lucas, tak

126、ing a break from a lesson that includes a Chinese interview with Jackie Chan. “Im teaching my mom to speakChinese. ”The classroom scene at McCormick is unusual, but it may soon be a common phenomenon in American schools, where Chinese is rapidly becoming the hot new language. Government officials ha

127、ve long wanted more focus on useful languages like Chinese, and pressure from them - as well as from business leaders, politicians, and parents - has produced a quick growth in the number of programs. Chicago city officials make their best effort to include Chinese in their public schools. Their pro

128、gram has grown to include 3,000 students in 20 schools, with more schools on a waiting list. Programs have also spread to places like Los Angeles, New York City, and North Carolina. Supporters see knowledge of the Chinese language and culture as an advantagein a global economy where China is growing

129、 in importance. “This is an interesting way to begin to engage with the worlds next superpower,” says Michael Levine, director of education at the Asia Society, which has started five new public high schools that offer Chinese. “Globalization has already changed the arrangements in terms of how chil

130、dren today are goingto think about their careers, The question is when, not whether, the schools are going to adjust.”(76) The number of students leaming Chinese is tiny compared with how many study Spanish or French. But one report shows that before-college enrollment ( 报名人数) nearly quadrupled betw

131、een 1992 and 2002, from 6,000 to 24,000. Despite the demand, though, developing programs isnt easy. And the No. one difficulty, everyone agrees, is having enough teachers. Finding teacher “is the challenge,” says Scott McGinnis, an academic adviser for a language institute and a Chinese teacher for

132、15 years at the college level. “Materials are easy comparison. Or getting schools funded.”1. The best title for this passage might be_. A. Next Hot Language to Study: Chinese 2. The most difficult thing to do is finding _. C. enough teachers for the Chinese programs 3. We learn from the passage that

133、_. A. Scott McGinnis has been a Chinese teacher for 15 years 4. According to the passage, all the following statements are true EXCEPT_. C. government officials dont like the pressure from businessleaders and parents to start Chinese programs 5The word quadrupled in the last paragraph is close in me

134、aning to“multiplied by_”.B. four times 、美国公立学校和私立学校 Many private institutions of higher education Many private institutions of higher education around the country are in danger. Not ail will be saved, and perhaps not all deserve to be saved. There are low-quaiity schools just as there are low-qualit

135、y businesses. We have no obligation to save them simply because .they exist. But many thriving institutions that deserve to continue are threatened. They are doing a fine job educationally, but they are caught in a financial difficulty, with no way to reduce rising costs or increase revenues (收入) si

136、gnificantly. Raising fees doesnt bring in more revenue, for each time fees go up, the, enrollment (注册人数 ) goes down, or the mount that must be given away in student aid goes up. (77) Schools are bad businesses, whether rmblic or orivate, not usually because of bad management but because of the natur

137、e of the business. They lose money on every customer, and they can go bankrupt either from too few students or too many students. Even a very good college is a very bad business. It is such colleges, thriving but threatened, that I worry about. Low enrollment is not their chief problem. Even with fu

138、ll enrollments, they may go under. Efforts to save them, and preferably to keep them private, are a national necessity. (78) There is no basis. for arguing that private schools are bound to be better than public schools. There are plentiful examples to the contrary. Anyone can name state universitie

139、s and colleges that rank as the finest in the nation and the world. It is now inevitable that public institutions will be dominant, and therefore diversity ( 多样性 ) is a national necessity. Diversity in the way we support schools tends to give us a healthy diversity in the forms of education. In ah i

140、mperfect society such as ours, uniformity of education throughout the nation could be dangerous, ha an imperfect society, diversity is a positive good. Eager supporters of public higher education know the importance of keeping private higher education healthy. 6. In the passage, the author asks the

141、public to support_ . C. high-quality private universities and colleges 7. According to the passage, schools are bad businesses because of_. A. the nature of school8. The phrase “go under ” in the second paragraph is closest inmeaning to _.、B. get into difficulties 9.Which of the following statements

142、 is TRUE? B. The author thinks diversity of education is preferable to uniformity of education. 10.In the authors opinion, the way that can save private schools lies in_. D. national support 、工作时间 According to a recent surv, ey, employees in many companies According to a recent surv, ey, employees i

143、n many companies today work longer hours than employees did in 1979. They also take shorter vacations than employees in 1979. It seems that Americans are working harder today than ever before. Or are they? A management consultant, Bill Meyer, decided to find out. For three days, he observed an inves

144、tment banker hard at work. Meyer wrote down everything the banker did during his long workday. At the end of the three-day period, Meyer reviewed the bankers activities with him. What did they find out? They discovered that the man spent 80percent of his time doing unnecessary work. For example, he

145、attended unnecessary meetings, made redundant ( 多余的 ) telephone calls, and spent time packing and unpacking his two big briefcases. (79) Apparently many people believe that the more time a person spends at work, the more he or she accomplishes. When employers evaluate employees, they often consider

146、the amount of time on the job in addition to job performance. Employees know this. Although many working people can do their job effectively during a regular 40-hour work week, they feel they have to spend more time on the job after normal working hours so that the people who can promote them see th

147、em. A group of headhunters (猎头 ) were asked their opinion about a situation. They had a choice of two candidates for an executive position with an important company. The candidates had similar qualifications for the job. For example, they were both reliable. One could do the job well in a 40-hour wo

148、rk week. The other would do the same job in an 80-hour work week just as well. According to a headhunting expert, the 80-hour-a-week candidate would get the job. The time this candidate spends on the job may encourage other employees to spend more time at work, too. Employers believe that if the emp

149、loyees stay at work later, they may actually do more work. However, the connection between time and productivity (生产率 ) is not always positive. (80) In fact. many studies indicate that after a certain point, anyones productivity and creativity begin to decrease. Some employees are not willing to spe

150、nd so much extra, unproductive time at the office. Once they finish their work satisfactorily, they want to relax and enjoy themselves. For these people, the solution is to find a company that encourages people to do both. 11. What is the main idea of this passage? A. Many people work long hours but

151、 do not always do a lot of work. 12. The management consultant wanted to fmd out D. whether Americans were really working harder than they had done before 13. Which of the following statements is TRUE? C. Some people work more than 40 hours a week in the hope of getting promotion. 14. The 80-hour-a-

152、week candidate would get the job because employers believe_. B. his example would lead other employees to work longer hours 15. The expression “to do both” in the last paragraph is_.A. to finish their work satisfactorily and relax and enjoy themselves 、我听见许多家长抱怨 I hear many parents complain that I h

153、ear many parents complain that their teenage children are rebelling. I wish it were so. At your age you ought to be growing away, from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems .that teenagers are all taking the same way o

154、f showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of them are holding one anothers hands for reassurance （放心）。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 12 页7 / 12 They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clot

155、hes. They set off in new directions in music. But they all end up listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in such a way is that the crowd is doing it. They have come out of their cocoon （茧） into a larger cocoon. （80） It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand u

156、p against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. Industry has firmly carved out a market for teenagers. These days every teenager can learn from the advertisements what a teenager should have and be. This is a great barrier for the teenager who wants to find his or her own path. But the b

157、arrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to a party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records. You may have some thoughts that you dont care to share at once with your classmates. Well, go to

158、it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come with the people who respect you for who you are. Thats the only kind of popularity that really counts. 11. The authors purpose in writing this passage is to tell B. teenagers how to learn to make a decision for themselves 12. According to the auth

159、or, many teenagers think they are brave enough to act on their own, but in fact most of them C. dare not cope with any problems alone 13. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage ？A. There is no popularity that really counts. 14. The author thinks of advertisements as to teenagers

160、. B. influential 15. The main idea of the last paragraph is that a teenager should . C. find his real self 、计算机广泛应用许多人失业恐惧 Much unfriendly feeling towards computers 76）Much unfriendly feeling towards computers has been based on the fear of widespread unemployment resulting from their introduction. C

161、omputers are often used as part of automated production systems requiring a least possible number of operators, causing the loss of many jobs. This has happened, for example, in many steelworks. On the other hand, computers do create jobs. They are more skilled and better paid, though fewer in numbe

162、r than those they replace. Many activities could not continue in their present form without computers, no matter how many people are employed. Examples are the check clearing system of major banks and the weather forecasting system. When a firm introduces computers, a few people are usually employed

163、 in key posts （such as jobs of operations managers ）while other staff are re-trained as operators, programmers, and data preparation staff. （77） After the new system has settled down people in non-computer jobs are not always replaced when they leave, resulting in a decrease in the number of employe

164、es. This decrease is sometimes balanced by a substantial increase in the activity of the firm, resulting from the introduction of computers. The attitudes of workers towards computers vary. There is fear of widespread unemployment and of the takeover of many jobs by computer-trained workers, making

165、promotion for older workers not skilled in computers more difficult. On the other hand, many workers regard the trend toward wider use of computers inevitable. They realize that computers bring about greater efficiency and productivity, which will improve the condition of the whole economy, and lead

166、 to the creation of more jobs. This view was supported by the former British Prime Minister, James Callaghan in 1979, when he made the point that new technologies hold the key to increased productivity, which will benefit the economy in the long run. 1. The unfriendly feeling towards computers is de

167、veloped from A. the possible widespread unemployment caused by their introduction 2. The underlined word They （Line 1, Par. 2） refers toB. jobs 3. According to Paragraph 2, without computers C. many activities would have to change their present form 4. According to the passage,what results from the

168、introduction of computers？D. The decrease in staff members may be balanced by the increase of firm activities. 5. James Callaghans attitude towards computers can be best described asD. supportive 、维生素 The vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied The vitamins necessary for a health

169、y body are normally supplied by a good mixed diet, including a variety of fruits and green vegetables. （78） It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet that it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins. An example of the dangers of a restricted diet may b

170、e seen in the disease known as beri-beri. （79） It used to distress large numbers of Eastern peoples who lived mainly on rice. In the early years of this century, a scientist named Eijkman was trying to discover the cause of beri-beri. At first he thought it was caused by a germ. He was working in a

171、Japanese hospital, where the patients were fed on polished rice which had the outer huskremoved from the grain. It was thought this would be easier for weak and sick people to digest. Eijkman thought his germ theory was confirmed when he noticed the chickens in the hospital yard, which were fed on l

172、eftovers （剩饭） from the patients plates, were also showing signs of the disease. He then tried to isolate the germ, but his experiments were interrupted by a hospital official, who declared that the polished rice, even though left over by the patients, was too good for chickens. It should be recooked

173、 for the patients, and the chickens should be fed on cheap rice with the outer layer still on the grain. Eijkman noticed that the chickens began to recover on the new diet. He began to consider the possibility that eating unpolished rice somehow prevented or cured beri-beri even that a lack of some

174、element in the husk might be the cause of the disease. Indeed this was the case. The element needed to prevent beri-beri was shortly afterwards isolated from rice husks and is now known as vitamin B. Nowadays, this terrible disease is much less common thanks to our knowledge of vitamins. 6. A good m

175、ixed diet A. normally contains enough vitamins 7. The disease beri-beriB. is a vitamin deficiency （缺乏） disease 8. The chickens Eijkman noticed in the hospital yardD. were suffering from beri-beri 9. According to Eijkman, polished rice B. was less nourishing （有营养的） than unpolished rice 10. The chemic

176、al substance missing from polished rice A. was vitamin B 、在过去，工业产品被持续使用 In the past, industrial goods were made to last for ever In the past, industrial goods were made to last for ever. If you bought a car, it was a once-in-a-lifetime investment. You paid good money for the article and you looked a

177、fter it. Nowadays industry has persuaded us that its products can only last a very short time. It is cheaper to throw them away than to repair them. This has led directly to the waste of the earths resources. Just think of the cars that are traded in daily simply because they are “out of fashion.” J

178、ust think of the expensive packaging material that is thrown away each time a new article is bought-material which we consumers must pay for! Our industrial society has turned us into spoilt children. It is this terrible wastefulness that has got us 3 into the mess we are in now. When there are no r

179、esources left, we will start to look after what we have. But why cant we act before this happens? Why cant we go back to a society in which the prevention of waste is a virtue? 56. In the writers opinion, it is a good idea for industry to make goods _. A. that can last a long time 57. The writer sug

180、gests that what people should do with their old-fashioned cars is to _. D. use them as long as possible 58. Which word best describes the writers attitude toward the throwaway culture? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 12 页8 / 12 B. Negative. 59. It seems that the way to get out o

181、f the whole mess people have got themselves into is _. D. prevent and stop waste 60. What is the best title for the text? C. Look after What We Have. 、杂货铺和大型超市都买家庭用品如肥皂灯泡Both grocery stores and supermarkets Both grocery stores and supermarkets sell food and household items such as soap, bulbs and ma

182、tches. But a supermarket is usually much bigger than a grocery store. It is in fact so big that it is often divided into departments. There are other differences between most grocery stores and supermarkets. In a supermarket, customers usually serve themselves, that is, they walk around the store an

183、d pick out the items they need. Also, in most supermarkets, customers are required to pay cash for what they buy. That is, they cannot buy on credit ( 赊购). A large supermarket is a big business. Although primarily selling food items, supermarkets also handle other lines of goods which include housew

184、ares, school supplies, garden supplies, phonograph records, beer, camera film and supplies, toothpaste, aspirin, nylon stockings, toys, clothing, magazines and even books. The supermarket tries to meet the housewifes every need so that when she leaves, she ll shop nowhere else. In order to attract c

185、ustomers, the supermarkets have tried to make shopping as pleasant as possible. Some of them have flowers and trees in the parking lots. Some have roofs over the walks that shoppers can walk from their cars to the store without having to worry about snow, rain or the hot sun. Ceilings are sometimes

186、sound-proofed ( 隔音的 ), and music is piped in. Most of the supermarkets are air- conditioned (装有空调的 ). With these and other improvements, supermarkets are not limited to the United States. From 4 Bangkok to Buenos Aires, the old-styled grocery stores are fast disappearing. In Europe, supermarkets hav

187、e grown rapidly since 1 975. There s no doubt about it more and more housewives around the world will soon be standing in the checkout (结帐 )lines. 61 . Generally a supermarket _. C. is bigger than a grocery store 62. In a supermarket these days, _. D. you can buy food, household items and many other

188、 lines of goods 63. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? B. Some supermarkets put up notices in the parking lots. 64. Supermarkets are _. B. not only popular in the United States but also in a lot of other countries 65. Which of the following statements is true? A. An increasing n

189、umber of housewives will shop in supermarkets. 、数年前，当一个男人离开学校如果他去上学他学习了一个工作Years ago, when a man left schoolif he went to school he learned a job. He did this job all his life. Things moved more slowly then. He could be sure that his job would still be needed forty years later. In these days he coul

190、d not be sure. There is so much change in factories, work and methods that what looks like a very good job now may not be needed in ten years. You have only to think of what the motor car did to people who bought and sold horses to realize what this can mean in human terms. Suddenly no one wanted ho

191、rses any more. The people who worked with them were suddenly without work, or 64redundant（被解雇的；多余的）as we say today. Methods change and skills become redundant. Redundancy is the biggest problem the working man has to face today. Some experts think that the working man of the future must expect to le

192、arn three or four different skills in his working life. This is because, increasingly, automation (自动化 ) will take over or some trades will cease to be needed. You cannot blame anyone for finding yourself in this position. If your job simply disappears, it is not your fault and you are not stupid. L

193、osing your job like this can cause problems for you: you may have to move to find work again 。 there may simply be no work that you can do. The British government recognizes that redundancy is not the fault of the man who is redundant. So today there is a system of payment to men who are declared re

194、dundant. Any man who has worked in the same job for at least two years is given a payment by his employer when he becomes redundant. The longer he has had the job, the more he gets. This money is a kind of compensation ( 补偿 ) for being in the wrong job at the wrong time. 66. A man becomes redundant

195、because _. C. things move faster and his job is not needed 67. Years ago, _. A. a man could rest assured that his job would still be needed 40 years later 68. When a man becomes redundant, _. D. neither he nor the employer is to blame 69. According to the passage, redundancy occurs mainly because _.

196、 C. there is a lot of change in methods and some skills become out of date 70. The passage is mainly about _. B. the cause and effect of redundancy 、一个研究表明美国人偏爱简短的回答One study shows that Americans prefer to answer with a brief “Yes”, “No”, “Sure”, or the very popular “Yeah” rather than with a longer

197、reply. (76) But brief replies do not mean Americans are impolite of unfriendly to some extent. Very often, Americans are in a hurry and may greet you with a single word “ Hi ”, indeed。 this is a greeting you will hear again and again during your stay in the United States. It is used by everyone, reg

198、ardless of rank, age or occupation. However, those who are accustomed to longer greetings may require a little more time before they feel comfortable with American simple talk. Americans sometimes use plain talk when they are uncomfortable. (77) If people praise them or thank them in an especially p

199、olite way, they may become uncomfortable and not know what to say in reply . They dont want to be impolite or rude, you can be sure that they liked what was said about them. Except for certain holidays, such as Christmas, Americans dont usually give gifts. Thus, you will find Americans embarrassed a

200、s they accept gifts, especially if they have nothing to give in return. They are generally a warm but informal people. 1. The fact that Americans like shorter answers tells us _. C.they like replying briefly 2. Those who like using beautiful or formal words _. A.need more time to get used to America

201、n simple greeting 3. Which of the following is NOT true? C.Americans in high ranks must use formal words in greeting. 4. The Americans like others praise but if in a polite way _.D.both A and B 5. The passage indicates that _. B.Americans seldom give gifts except for some holidays. 、大众的利益和缺点长久以来是在经济

202、学家之中的一个讨论的题目(78)The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists( 经济学家 ). It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To feed a large population,: inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively, Thus

203、, each person produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be

204、 built unlessthere is a big demand to justify them. One of the difficulties in carrying out a world-wide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 12 页9 / 12 depending on the l

205、evel of industrial developmentand the availability of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate, whatever the

206、 consequences may be. In the highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex. A decreasing birthrate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods. (79)When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building i

207、ndustry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or itt decline. 6. A smaller population may mean_. D. higher productivity, and a higher average income 7. Accordi

208、ng to the passage, a large population will provide a chance for developing_. B. transport system 8. In a developed country, people will perhaps go out of work if the birthrate_. B. is decreasing 9. According to the passage slowly rising birthrate perhaps is good for_. A. a developed nation 10. It is

209、 no easy job to carry out a general plan for birth control throughout the world because_. C. different governments have different views about the problem 、在我们看来下雨天打伞避雨是很平常的To us it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But actually the umbrella was not invented

210、as protection against rain. It was first used as a shade against the sun. Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, way back in the eleventh century B.C. We know that the umbrella was also used in ancient Egypt

211、 and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use 。 it became a symbol of honor and authority. In the Far East In ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royal people or by those in high office. In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrell

212、a as a sunshade. And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first persons in Europe to use the umbrellas as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans. During the Middle Ages, the use of the umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared again in I

213、taly in 16th century. And again it became a symbol of power and authority. Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. (80)It wasnt until the twentieth century that womens umbrellas began to be made in a variety of colors. 11. The fi

214、rst use of umbrella was as_. B. a shade against the sun 12._were regarded as the people who first used umbrellas. C. Chinese 13. The umbrella was used only by royal people or those in high office_. C. in the Far East in ancient times 14. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

215、D. Umbrellas were popular and cheap in the ancient times 15. Which of the following may be the best title for the passage? B. The Role of Umbrella in History 、许多年轻人告诉我他想当作家Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer.(76) I always encourag e such people, but I also explain that theres a big

216、difference between “being a writer and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of wealth and fame, not the long hour alone at a typewriter. “Youve got to want to write,” I say to them, “not want to be a writer”.The reality is that writing is a lonely, private and poor-paying affair. Fo

217、r every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never rewarded. When I left a 20-year career in the U.S. Coast Guard to become a freelance(自由栏目 )writer, I had no prospects at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didnt

218、even matter that it was cold and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and felt like a genuine writer. After a year or so, however, I still hadnt gotten a break and began to doubt myself. It was so hard to sell a story that I barely made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to

219、 write, I had dreamed about it for years. I wasnt going to be one of those people who die wondering: What if ? (77 ) I would keep putting my dream to the test even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure. This is the shadowland of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live

220、there. 1.The passage is meant to _. A.warn young people of the hardships that a successful writer has to experience 2.What can be concluded from the passage? D.The chances for writer to become successful are small 3.Why did the author begin to doubt himself after the first year of his writing career

221、? B.He hadn t seen aching for the better.4. “ people who die wondering: What if ?”(Lin4-5, Para-3) refers to “those _”.C.who think a lot without making a decision 5. “Shadowland ” in the last sentence refers to _.C.the state of uncertainty before ones final goal is reachedMan is a land animal, but h

222、e is also closely tied to the sea. Throughout history the sea has served the needs of man. The sea has provided man with food and a convenient way to travel to many parts of the world. Toady, experts believe that nearly two-thirds of the worlds population live within eighty kilometers of the seacoas

223、t.(78)In the modern technological world the sea offers many resources to help mankind survive. Resources on land are beginning to grow less. The sea, however, still offers hope to supply many of mans needs in the future.The riches of the sea yet to be developed by man s technology are impressive. Oi

224、l and gas explorations have existed for nearly thirty years. Valuable amounts of minerals such as iron, copper and so on exist on the ocean floor. Besides oil and gas, the sea may offer new sources of energy. For example, warm temperature of the ocean can be used as the steam in a steamship. Sea may

225、 also offer a source of energy as electricity for mankind. Technology is enabling man to explore even deeper under the sea. It is obvious that the technology to harvest the sea continues to improve. (79) By the 2050, experts believe that the problems to explore the food, minerals and energy resource

226、s of the sea will have been largel7y solved. 6. What is the beat title for the passage? D. Sea Exploring Technology. 7. It can be inferred from the passage that _. A. man hasn t completely made use of the riches of the sea8. Why does the author mention a steamship? A. To illustrate that man can make

227、 use of sources of energy from the sea. 9. According to the author, technology is important because _. B. man can use it to explore the deeper sea 10. According to the author, when will the problems to explore the deeper sea largely be solved? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 12

228、页10 / 12 D. By the middle of the 21st century. 、今天抽烟是常见的习惯Today, cigarette smoking is a common habit. About forty-three percent of the adult men and thirty-one percent of the adult women in the United States smoke cigarettes regularly. It is encouraging to see that millions of people have given up s

229、moking. It is a fact that men as a group smoke more than women. Among both men and women the age group with the highest proportion of smokers is 24-44. Income, education, and occupation all play a part in determining a persons smoking habit. City people smoke more than people living on farms. Well-e

230、ducated men with high incomes are less likely to smoke cigarettes than men with fewer years of schooling and lower incomes. On the other hand, if a well-educated man with a higher income smoked at all, he is likely to smoke more packs of cigarettes per day. The situation is somewhat different for wo

231、men.(80)There are slightly more smokers among women with higher family income and higher education than among the lower income and lower educational groups. These more highly educated women tend to smoke more heavily. Among teenagers the picture is similar. There are fewer teenaged smokers from uppe

232、r-income, well-educated families, and fewer from families living in farm areas. Children are most likely to start smoking if one or both of their parents smoke. 1. What do we know from the first paragraph ? C.It is good news that more people have given up smoking. 2.What factors determine a person s

233、 smoking habits ?D.Occupation, income and education. 3.Which of the following is true according to the passage ? D.Well-educated men with high incomes are generally less likely to smoke. 4.What is the smoking situation for women ? B.Better-educated women are likely to smoke heavily. 5.What can we sa

234、y about teenaged smokers ? B.The situation among teenagers is quite the same with men . 、科学家们发现努力工作的人寿命要比平常人长Scientists find that hard-working people live longer than average men and women. Career women are healthier than housewives. Evidence shows that the jobless are in poorer health than jobholde

235、rs. An investigation shows that whenever the unemployment. Why is work good for health? It is because work keeps people busy away from loneliness. Researches show that people feel unhappy, worried and lonely when they have nothing to do. Instead, the happiest are those who are busy. (79)Many high ac

236、hievers who love their careers feel that they are happiest when they are working hard. Work serves as a bridge between man and reality. By work people come into with each other. By collective activity they find friendship and warmth. This is helpful to health. The loss of work means the loss of ever

237、ything. It affects man spiritually and makes him ill. Besides, work gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of achievement. Word makes one feel his value and status in society. When a writer finishes his writing or a doctor successfully operates on a patient or a teacher sees his students grow,

238、 they are happy beyond words. (80)From the above we can come to the conclusion that the more you work the happier and healthier you will be. Let us work hard and study and live a happy and healthy life. 1. The underlined word “average ” in Paragraph I means _.C. ordinary 2. The reason why housewives

239、 are not as healthy as career women is that _. C. housewives have less chance to communicate with others 3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Paragraph 2? D. A satisfying job helps to keep one healthy. 4. We can infer from the passage that those who do not work _. A. are likely

240、to live a shorter life 5. The best title for this passage may be _. B. Working Hard Is Good for Health 、了解一个国家的文件能更好地学习艺术史A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture than is possible to learn in general history classes. Most typical history courses concentrate on politic

241、s, economics and war. But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions and psychology. In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestors can be provided by art. (78) In short, art ex

242、presses the essential qualities of a time and a place, and a study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than can be found in most history books. In history books, objective information about the political life of a country is presented。 that is, facts about politics are given, but opinions

243、 are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is subjective(主观的 ): it reflects emotions and opinions. The great Spanish painter Francisco Goya was perhaps the first truly “political ” artist. In his well-known painting The Third of May, 1808, he criticized the Spanish government for its abuse (滥用) of

244、power over people. In the same way, art can reflect a cultures religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art had been almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that described people and stories from the Bible. Alth

245、ough most people couldnt read, they could still understand the Bible stories in the pictures on church walls. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was (and still is) its absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic belief that statues (雕像) are not h

246、oly. 6. More can be learned about a culture from a study of art history than general history because _. C. art history gives us an insight ( 洞察力 ) into the essential qualities of a time and a place 7. Art is subjective in that _. A. a personal and emotional view of history is presented through it 8.

247、 Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? C. In the Middle East, you can hardly find animal or human figures on palaces or other building. 9 The passage mainly discusses _. B. he difference between general history and art history 10. It can be concluded from the passage th

248、at _. C. a history teacher must be quite objective 、盲人能看见东西用身体的其他部分Blind people can “see” things by using other parts of their bodies. This fact may help us to understand our feelings about color. If blind people can sense color differences, then perhaps we, too, are affected by color unconsciously(

249、 无意识地 )。（76）Manufacturers(生产商 )have discovered by experience that sugar sells. Badly in green wrappings, that blue foods are considered unpleasant, and that cosmetics(化妆品 ) should never be packaged in brown. These discoveries have grown into a branch of color psychology. Color psychology now finds a

250、pplication in everything from fashion to decoration. Some of our preferences are clearly psychological. Dark blue is the color of the night sky and therefore associated with calm, while yellow is a day color with associations of energy and incentive( 刺激). For a primitive man, activity during the day

251、 meant hunting and attacking, while he soon saw red as the color of blood and anger and the heat that came with effort. And green is associated with passive defense and self-protection. (77)Experiments have shown that colors, partly because of their psychological associations, also have a direct psy

252、chological effect. People exposed to bring red show an increase in breath, in heartbeat and in blood pressure 。 red is exciting. Similar exposure to pure blue has exactly the opposite effect。 it is a calming color. Because of its exciting meaning, red is chosen as the signal for danger, but closer a

253、nalysis shows that a vivid yellow can produce a more basic state of alarm. So fire engines and ambulances in some advanced communities are now rushing around in bright yellow colors that stop the traffic dead. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 12 页11 / 12 11. Our preferences for

254、certain colors are _ according to the passage. D. partly due to psychological factors 12. If people are exposed to bright red, which of the following things does NOT happen? B. They feel satisfied. 13. Which of the following statements if NOT true according to the passage? B. Yellow fire engines hav

255、e caused many bad accidents in some advanced communities. 14. Which of the following statements if TRUE according to the passage? C. Primitive people associated heat and anger with red. 15. Which of the following could be the most suitable title for the passage? D. Color and Feelings. 、回顾我的童年时期Looki

256、ng back on my childhood ，I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made. Although we were brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed ( 紧抱的 ) flowers and insects. Unlike them, I hand no ear for music and languages, I was not an early reader and I could not

257、 do mental arithmetic. Before World War I we spent our summer holidays in Hungary.I have onlythe dim memory of the house we lived in,of my room and my toys.(76) Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents,aunts,uncles and cousins who gathered next door . But I do have a crystal-clear me

258、mory of dogs, the farm animals, the local birds and above all,the insects. I am a naturalist,not a scientist.I have a strong love of the natural world,and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love dis- cussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil oil, reading about

259、 other people s observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. Suddenly you fancy you see the answer to the riddle ( 谜), because it all seems to fit together.This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books,which somemight ho

260、nor with the title of scientific research. But curiosity,a keen eye,a good memory and enjoyment of the animal andplant world do not make a scientist。 one of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self-discipline, a quality I lack. A scientist can bemade.A naturalist is born. If you can

261、combine the two, you get the best of both worlds. 1. According to the author,a born naturalist should first of all be_. A. full of enthusiasm 2. The first paragraph tells us that the author _. D. was interested in flowers and insects in his childhood 3. The author says that he is a naturalist rather

262、 than a scientist probably because he thinks he _. D. lacks some of the qualities required of scientist 4. The author cant remember his relatives clearly because_.A. he was fully occupied with observing nature 5. Which of the following statements is true? B. The authors brothers and sisters were goo

263、d at music and languages.、如果你机会去芬兰If you have a chance to go to Finland, you will probably be surprisedto find how “foolish” the Finnish people are.Take the taxi drivers for example. Taxis in Finland are mostly high- class Benz with a fare of two US dollars a kilometer. You can go anywherein one, te

264、ll the driver to drop you at any place, say that you have some business to attend to, and then walk off without paying your fare. The driver would not show the least sign of anxiety. The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests,but alsoserve outside diners. Hotel guests have their

265、meals free, so they naturallygo to the free dining rooms to have their meals. The most they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration card to the waiter.Withsuch a loose check, you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to dine free of charge. The

266、Finnish workers are paid by the hour. (77) They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate. From then on they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly. With so many loopholes( 漏洞) in everyday life, surely Finland must be aheaven

267、 to those who love to take“petty advantages ”. But the strange thing is, all the taxi passengers would always come back to pay their fare after they have attended to their business 。 not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms. And workers always give an honestaccount of

268、 the exact hours they put in. As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do, living in such a society has turned everyoneinto a real “gentleman ”. (78) In a society of such high moral practice,what need is there for people to be on guard against others? 6. While taking a taxi in Finlan

269、d, _. C. a passenger can never be turned down by the taxi driver wherever he wants to go 7. We know from the passage that big hotels in Finland_. B. provide meals for any diners 8. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? B. The bosses in Finland are too busy to check the working

270、 hours of their employees. 9. The word “those ” in the last paragraph probably refers to_.C. people who are dishonest 10. It can be concluded that_. C. the Finnish society is of very high moral level 、有许多因素可能影响成人和儿童能够过上健康的生活There are many factors which may have an influence on adults and children be

271、ing able to lead a healthy life. Nowadays, people are very busy. Often, both parents work outside the home. Children are expected to take on more responsibility at home to help their parents. They also have sporting and leisure activities as well as school expectations. The busyness also adds anothe

272、r factor: the need to use cars to get from one place to another quickly. Today, society places a lot of emphasis on technology. Computers,DVDs，CDs, television, PlayStations and Xboxes have become major leisure activi- ties, rather than traditional more active pursuits. This has led to a more sedenta

273、ry lifestyle. The media provide entertainment and information.(79)Unfortunately,theyalso promote fast food which fits easily into busy lifestyles. It is much more convenient at times to buy a quick takeaway rather than prepare a meal.The media constantly bombard( 轰炸 )their audience withperfectbody i

274、mages,the need to buy the most fashionable clothes, the most up-to-date computer games, the best places to visit and the best things to do. Environments vary. We may be exposed to pollution, such as cigarette smoke. This can be harmful to people who suffer from breathing difficulties. (80)Environmen

275、ts where passive smoking is unavoidable make it difficult to lead a healthy life. It is important for everyone to be accepted and cared about by familyand friends. Both of these groups can influence peoplepositively and ne-gatively.Negative feelings can lead people to adopt an unhealthy lifestyle. P

276、erhaps the most important factor influencing healthy lifestyles is motivation, or the desire to be healthy.Any person who wants to be healthywill find a way to be healthy if he/she is motivated enough! 11. The passage is mainly about _. C. factors affecting a healthy lifestyle 12. The word “sedentar

277、y” in Paragraph 4 probable means _. B. involving little exercise or physical activity 13. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a factor leading to the popularity of fast food? A. Cheap price. 14. Which is NOT listed as a factor influencing the ability to have a healthy lifestyle

278、? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 12 页12 / 12 B. Economic factors. 15. According to the author, _ may be the most important factor influencing healthy lifestyles. D. the desire to be healthy 、生物钟Why is it that flying to New York from London will leave you feeling less tired tha

279、n flying to London from New York? The answer may be a clear case of biology not being able to keep up with technology. Deep inside the brain there is a clock that governs every aspect of the bodys functioning: sleep and wake cycles, levels of alertness, performance, mood, hormone levels, digestion,

280、body temperature and so on. It regulates all of these functions on a 24-hour basis and is called the biological clock. This body clocks programmes us to be sleepy twice a day, between 3-5am and again between 3-5pm. Afternoon tea and nap are all cultural responses to our natural biological sleepiness

281、 in the afternoon. One of the major causes of the travelers malady known as jet lag is the non-alignment of apersons internal body clock with clocks in the external world. Crossing different time zones confuses thebiological clock, which then has to adjust to the new time and patterns of light and a

282、ctivity. To make matters more complex, not all internal body functions adjust at the same rate. So your sleep/wake may adjustto a new time zone at one rate, while your temperature adjusts at a different pace. Your digestion may beon a different schedule altogether. Though we live in a 24-hour day, t

283、he natural tendency of the body clock is to extend our day beyond 24 hours. It is contrary to our biological programming to shrink our day. That is why traveling in a westward direction is more body-clock friendly than flying east. NASA studies of long haul pilots showed that westward travel was ass

284、ociated with significantly better sleep quan-tity and quality than eastward flights. When flying west, you are extending your day, thus traveling in the natural direction of your in-ternal clock. Flying eastward will involve shrinking or reducing your day and is in direct opposition to your internal

285、 clocks natural tendency. One of the more common complaints of travelers is that their sleep becomes disrupted. There aremany reasons for this: changing time zones and schedules, changing light and activity levels, trying tosleep when your body clock is programmed to be awake, disruption of the inte

286、rnal biological clock andworking longer hours. It is often suggested that you adjust your watch as soon as you board a plane, supposedly to try to help you adjust to your destination s schedule as soon as you arrive. But it can take the body clock several days to several weeks to fully adjust to a n

287、ew time zone. So, our body clock truly can govern us. 1.The role of the body clock is to. C. regulate the bodys functions 2. The word malady in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to. B. discomfort 3. Flying in a westward direction will . A. help you sleep better 4. Which of the following is NOT menti

288、oned as a reason for the disrupted sleep of travelers? C. Working longer hours. 5. It can be seen from the lasttwo paragraphs that . D. there isnt much you can do to avoid jet lag 、老年人提升道德问题Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes in contact with them. Their values-this

289、cant be repeated too often-are not necessarily our values. Physical comfort, cleanness and order are not necessarily the most important things. The social services from time to time find themselves faced with a flat with decaying food covered by smallworms, and an old person lying alone in bed, taki

290、ng no notice of the worms.But is it interfering with personal freedom to insist that they go to live with some of their relatives so that they might be taken better care of? Some social workers, the ones who clear up the worms, think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to t

291、he point where seriousrisks are being taken with the health and safety of the old. Indeed, the old can be easily hurt or harmed. The body is like a car,it needs more mechanical maintenance as it gets older. You can carry thiscomparison right through to the provision for spare parts. But never forget

292、that such operations are painful experiences, however good the results. And at what point should you cease to treat the old body? Is it morally right to try to push off death by pursuing the development of drugs to excite the forgetful old mind and to activate the old body, knowing that it is design

293、ed to die? You cannot ask doctors or scientists to decide, because so long as they can see the technical opportunities, they will feel bound to give them a try, on the principle that while theres life, theres hope. When you talk to the old people, however, you are forced to the conclusion that wheth

294、er age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or on health than it does on your ability to have sun. 1. It is implied in Paragraph 1 that _ . C) very old people would like to live alone so that they can have more personal freedom 2. Some social workers think that _ . A) health and safety are m

295、ore important than personal freedom 3. In the authors opinion, _ . B) the older a person, the more care he needs 4. The word it in the last paragraph refers to _ . C) whether age is happy or unpleasant 5. The author thinks that _ . C) the opinion that we should try every means possible to save old people is doubtful 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 12 页