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1、一 概念 主动语态表示主语是动作的主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者执行者, , 被动语态表示主语是动作的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者承受者。 在在以下以下情况情况中中使用被动语态使用被动语态： 1. 1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者时。者时。 （eg）My bike was stolen last night.2. 2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。（eg）I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.3.
2、 3. 为了更好地安排句子。为了更好地安排句子。（eg）The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people.二 构成1.1.被动语态的基本时态变化以被动语态的基本时态变化以dodo为例，各种时为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：态的被动语态形式为：1）am/is/are +done 一般一般现现在在时时 （eg）Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2）has /have been done 现现在完成在完成时时 （eg）All the
3、 preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start.3）am/is /are being done 现现在在进进行行时时 （eg）A new cinema is being built here4）was/were done 一般一般过过去去时时（eg）I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5）had been done 过过去完成去完成时时（eg）By the end of last year, anot
4、her new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6）was/were being done 过过去去进进行行时时（eg）A meeting was being held when I was there.二 构成7）shall/will be done 一般将来一般将来时时（eg）Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8）should/would be done 过过去将来去将来时时（eg）The news would be sent to the soldiers mother
5、as soon as it arrived.二 构成2.情情态动词态动词的被的被动语态结动语态结构构为为： 情情态动词态动词+be+be+过过去分去分词词 其其时态时态及句型的及句型的变变化化仅仅由情由情态动词态动词完成，完成，“be+be+过过去分去分词词”部分不部分不变变。如：。如： Tables can be made of stone. Tables could be made of stone at that time. Can tables be made of stone?二 构成 三三 被动语态的几种类型：被动语态的几种类型： 1 主动句中有一个宾语的被动语态主动句中有一个宾语
6、的被动语态 He saw her in the shop yesterday. She was seen in the shop yesterday. 2 主动句中有二个宾语的被动语态主动句中有二个宾语的被动语态 Jim gave me a book. I was given a book by Jim. A book was given to me by Jim. 3 主动句中含有宾语补足语句子的被动语态主动句中含有宾语补足语句子的被动语态 Mother told me not to be late. I was told not to be late by mother. I saw mo
7、ther planting flowers in the garden. Mother was seen planting flowers in the garden. They made him work 12 hours a day. He was made to work 12 hours a day. 4 短语动词的被动语态短语动词的被动语态 I can take good care of the baby. The baby can be taken good care of. 1be covered with 被被覆盖覆盖 2be made of 由由制作（发生物理变化）制作（发生
8、物理变化） be made from 由由制作（发生化学变化）制作（发生化学变化） be made in 由（某地）制造由（某地）制造 be made by 被（某人）制造被（某人）制造 3be used for 被用来被用来 be used as 被当作（作为）被当作（作为）来使用来使用 be used to do sth 被用来做某事被用来做某事 4It is said that 据说据说 It is hoped that 希望希望 It is well known that众所周知众所周知Practice:1 Must I pay for it at once?_ it _ _ _ at
9、 once?2 We will build a new lab.A new lab _ _ _.3 They arent stopping the traffic now.The traffic _ _ _ now.4 How long have you kept the book?How long _ the book _ _? Mustbepaidforwillbebuiltisntbeingstoppedhasbeenkept5 If your homework _(do) well,you may go to play.6 Mr.Green was seen _ (grow) tree
10、s.7 The blackboard was _ (look) carefully by the students.8 The ship model _ be _ (make)in two days.is doneto growlooked atwillmade【考点聚焦考点聚焦】make sb. domake sb. dosee sb. dosee sb. dohear sb. dohear sb. dolet sb. dolet sb. dowatch sb. dowatch sb. do be made be made toto do do be seen be seen toto do
11、 dosb. be heard sb. be heard toto do do be let be let toto do do be watched be watched toto do dogive sb. sth. give sb. sth. pass sb. sth. pass sb. sth. sell sb. sth.sell sb. sth.lend sb. sth.lend sb. sth.bring sb. sth.bring sb. sth.make sb. sth.make sb. sth.buy sb. sth.buy sb. sth. be given be give
12、n toto sb. sb. be passed be passed toto sb. sb. be sold be sold toto sb. sb.sth. be lent sth. be lent toto sb. sb. be brought be brought toto sb. sb. be made be made forfor sb. sb. be bought be bought forfor sb. sb.主动主动被动被动主动主动被动被动【考点聚焦考点聚焦】look for look for look afterlook aftertake care oftake care
13、 ofhand inhand inlaugh atlaugh atspeak tospeak tobe looked forbe looked forbe looked afterbe looked afterbe taken care ofbe taken care ofbe handed inbe handed inbe laughed atbe laughed atbe spoken tobe spoken to不要漏掉介词不要漏掉介词. .没有被动语态的词或短语没有被动语态的词或短语. .cost, happen, take place, close down , cost, happen, take place, close down , feel, sound, taste, smell, look, come out, feel, sound, taste, smell, look, come out, come up, break down, stand for, spreadcome up, break down, stand for, spreadSummary & Homework
