2022年牛津初中英语8B知识点归纳

《2022年牛津初中英语8B知识点归纳》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年牛津初中英语8B知识点归纳（25页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。

1、知识点大全牛津初中英语8B unit1unit6 知识点归纳Unit1 一.【精选词汇】重点短语1. the changes to Sunshine Town 阳光镇的变化 the changes to 的变化(p8)知识链接 change n.变化，常用复数changes。 e.g. Great changes have taken place since 1995.2. in the southern part of town in the southern part of在的南部 south southern知识链接 east东部 eastern东部的 , west western, n

2、orth northern3. in the past 在过去 at present现在 in the future 未来；将来，注意这些短语中的介词和冠词。4. turn the place into a park turn into 把 变成 知识链接 Heat turns water into vapor. 热使水变成蒸气。Turn this sentence into English.5. play cards and Chinese chess打牌、下象棋，e.g. It s pleasant to play cards and Chinese chess.6. water poll

3、ution 水污染 air pollution 空气污染， noise pollution 噪音污染(p9)知识链接 Water pollution was a problem before. 7. used to dump its waste i nto water used to do sth过去常做某事，注意否定式、疑问式的形式知识链接 used to do sth 否定式 used not to do sth 或 didn t use to do sth疑问式 Did sb use to do sth?或 Used sb to do sth? There be和 used to合用的形

4、式为There used to be。根据要求进行句型转换：She used to teach history. 否定式： She used teach history.或 She didn t teach history. 疑问式：she teach history?或 Did she teach history?用法拓展be used to do sthbe used for doing sth 被用于做某事，e.g. Stamps are used to send letters.Stamps are used for sending letters. be/become/get use

5、d to sth 习惯于某事，be/become/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事，e.g. My grandma used to live in the city but now she has got used to the country life. Tom is used to getting up early.8. in some ways 在某种程度上；在某些方面 in this way 以这种方式9. feel a bit lonely from time to time from time to time at timessometimes 有时；不时地

6、知识链接a bit形容词原级或比较级a little 形容词原级或比较级，有点a bit of 不可数名词a little不可数名词e.g. a bit of watera little water用法拓展 not a little very 非常， not a bit not a t all 一点也不10. throw away 扔掉 “ 动词副词 ” 结构， e.g. throw it/them away11. have an interview with sb interview sb 采访某人；对某人面试；与某人面谈(p12)知识链接My parents have had an int

7、erview with my teacher. They interviewed 20 people for the job. There are a number of interviews with some famous football players.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 25 页知识点大全12. the best model I have ever seen 我曾见过的最好的模型(p17)知识链接 the形容词最高级名词单数sb have/has ever done ，某人曾做过的最的 the mo

8、st wonderful film (that) he has ever watched他看过的最精彩的比赛用法拓展ever 通常用于疑问句中或否定句中。e.g. Have/Has sb ever done sth? Nobody ever stepped in this cavern. 没人曾经踏进过这洞穴。ever since自从 起到现在 (用于现在完成时)，for ever forever 永远；永久地13. move into the new flats move into搬进 ，move out of搬出 (p18)14. lend me a book lend sb sthlen

9、d sth to sb 把某物借给某人，是“ 借出 ” 。知识链接 borrow sth from sb 向某人借某物，是“ 借入 ” 。15. a recent photo 一张近期照片，write about the changes to Moonlight Town (p21)16. a tourist attraction 旅游胜地 attraction n. 吸引；向往的地方 attract vt.吸引 attractive有吸引力的 It has become a new tourist attraction. Hepburns beauty and charm attracted

10、 Colette s attention. 词汇解析1. 常见的交通工具：bike/bicycle, bus, double-decker双层巴士 , coach 长途汽车 , tram 有轨电车, taxi, train, underground, light rail轻轨 , plane, hot-air balloon 热气球 , aero done 滑翔机2. Using a dictionary: The words in a dictionary are in alphabetical order from “ A” to “ Z” . This helps us find the

11、 words we want quickly. If two words starts with the same letter, we look at the second letter to decide the alphabetical order. If the first two letters of two words are the same, we look at the third letter, and so on. e.g. The word “ ball” comes before the word “ banana ”.3. century one hundred y

12、ears 世纪；百年。某世纪用序数词。如：21 世纪 the twenty-first century。 “ 在某世纪 ” 用介词 in，如： in the 20th century 在 20 世纪。二.【重点句型】1. Eddie, have you seen my food? Yes, I ve just eaten it. (p6)2. You ve changed, Eddie. You were kind. Now you re not. I don t want to play with you any more.3. You ve changed too. You always

13、wanted to play with me. always过去式 used to do sth4. Coaches have be en in use/service in Beijing since 1958. have been in usehave been used 5. I moved here with my family when I was two years old and have lived here since then. (p8)6. Have you ever moved house? move house搬家7. We lived till 1965, when

14、 I got married. get married结婚 get/be married to sb 与某人结婚知识链接 marry sb 与某人结婚， e.g. She married a football player. marry sb to sb 把某人嫁给某人， e.g. He married his daughter to an actor. get/be married to sb 和某人结婚，e.g. Yao Ming got married to Ye Li on 6 August, 2007. 表示 “ 已经结婚 ” 用 have/has got married，精选学习资

15、料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 25 页知识点大全表示 “ 已经结婚多久” 用 have/has been married for时间段或since时间点。e.g. They have got married. They have been married for 5 years.不能说成They have got married for 5 years.用法拓展 marriage n.婚姻 e.g. They will celebrate their fifty years of marriage next month.8. H

16、as Sunshine Town changed a lot over the years? change a lot变化大知识链接 over the yearsin the last/past years 这些年来，这是现在完成时的一个标志。9. There once was a shoe factory . There once was/were Once there was/were 从前有 。10. Later, the government realized it was a very serious problem and took action to reduce the pol

17、lution. take action to do sth 采取行动做某事，reduce the pollution 减少污染(p9)知识链接action (拍摄影视时用语)开始 动作， e.g. action film 动作片， action star动作明星a very serious problem 非常严重的问题problem(需要着手解决的)问题；难题，question(需要回答的 )问题e.g. solve a Maths problem, answer my question11. It is different for him to see some of them as of

18、ten as before. (p12)知识链接It isadj.for sb to do sth. as often as before像以前一样经常asas12. Things have changed a lot over the years.Great changes have taken place over the years. 13. When I was in primary school, my mother took me to school. take sb to school送某人上学14. I have the same feeling too. Do you som

19、etimes stay after school to chat with friends? (p19)15. The changes to Moonlight Town have brought advantages, but they have also caused many problems for people. (p22)知识链接bring advantages to 给带来好处， advantage优点；有利条件disvantage缺点；不利条件cause problems for给带来麻烦Unit2 一.【精选词汇】重点短语1. go on a trip to South Hi

20、ll go on a trip to去某地旅游(p24)2. take you out for a few days 带你出去玩几天take sb out 带某人出去3. go hiking, go skiing gov-ing 去做某事， see/enjoy the beautiful view 观看 /欣赏美景(p25)4. a symbol of Japan the symbol of的象征， e.g. Red is the symbol of danger. 红色是危险的象征。5. have a really fantastic timehave a good/great/wonder

21、ful timehave funenjoy oneself (p26)6. at the entrance在入口处 at the exit 在出口处精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 25 页知识点大全7. move at high speed 高速运转 at a speed of以的速度， at a speed of 100 km an hour8. scream and laugh through the whole ride through从物体的内部穿过9. a fast food restaurant 快餐店 fa

22、st food 快餐，国际著名快餐店：KFC 肯德基， McDonald s麦当劳10. clap and stream with joy 高兴地拍手尖叫介词短语with joy 相当于副词修饰动词。(p27)11. watch a three-D film ，watch fireworks, look shiny and beautiful under the fireworks12. in all 总共；共计 first of all 首先13. scream with excitement 兴奋地尖叫 with excitement excitedly 激动地；兴奋地(p28)知识链接

23、excite excited兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋的； 扣人心弦的； 刺激的 excitement n.激动，兴奋 with excitement excitedly，be excited about (doing) sth 对兴奋14. a really delightful holiday and a meaningful experience一个高兴的假期、 一次有意义的经历知识链接 experience n.(C)经历；e.g. He had a pleasant experience in Hong Kong last year.n.(U) 经验 experienced

24、adj.经验丰富的，have experience in (doing) sth be experienced in (doing) sth 在某方面有经验，e.g. He has experience in teaching English. He is experienced in teaching English. Dr Ma has much experience in eye operations. Dr Ma is experienced in eye operations. Chow Yun Fat is an experienced actor. He has acted in

25、 many action films.15. buy a gift for my parents buy sth for sbbuy sb sth (gift 比 present高雅 ) (p33)16. travel abroad 到国外旅游 go abroad 出国， e.g. He has gone abroad for further studies. (p35)17. during this May Day holiday在“ 五一 ” 假期里 during 是介词，后面不能接句子。18. three and a half hours 三个半小时 one/an hour一小时，hal

26、f an hour 半小时 one and a half hours 一个半小时， two and a half hours 两个半小时(p38)19. have a birds-eye view of Hong Kong have a birds-view of 鸟瞰；俯视20. a modern city of tall buildings with lights shining in the evening高楼林立、灯火辉煌的现代化城市with lights shining作后置定语， lights 与 shining 是主动关系。用法拓展He sleeps with windows c

27、losed. 21. the cultural centre of Hong Kong香港的文化中心the cultural centre 文化中心知识链接 culture n.文化 cultural adj. 文化的e.g. popular culture 大众文化Venice is a beautiful city full of culture and history.威尼斯是一座具有深厚文化和历史底蕴的美丽城市。用法拓展nature natural, centrecentral22. a good place to buy things，enjoy that day most, hav

28、e great fun ，a seafood restaurant, desserts and snacks，enjoy our trip to Hong Kong词汇解析1. popular tourist attractions( 旅游胜地 )： Mount Fuji 富士山， the Great Wall ，the Leaning Tower 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 25 页知识点大全of Pisa 比萨斜塔， the Little Mermaid小美人鱼， the Statue of Liberty 自由

29、女神像，the Tower Bridge 伦敦塔桥， Big Ben 大本钟， the Grand Palace(泰国 )大王宫， the Pattaya Beach(泰国 )芭堤雅海滩， Ocean Park(香港 )海洋公园， Window of the World( 深圳 )世界之窗。(p25)2. Hong Kong Disneyland( 香港迪士尼乐园)的四大主题公园(theme park)：Main Street USA( 美国小镇大街 )，Tomorrowland( 明日世界 )，Fantasyland(幻想世界 )，Adventureland( 探险世界 )。3.cheerf

30、ul cheerless, colourful colourless, careful careless, hopeful hopelessmeaningful meaningless, helpful helpless, harmful harmless, useful useless delightful, wonderful, successful endless, noiseless quiet二.【重点句型】1. It must be fun. Can I join you? 一定很有趣。我能和你一起去吗？(p24)知识链接情态动词must(表示推测 )一定，用于肯定句，反义词：ca

31、nt不可能。 may可能， may not 可能不。 Probably, Perhaps, Maybe 都是副词，通常用于句首。join sb 和某人一起做某事，e.g. Kitty joined them in the Disney parade.2. I haven t seen you since last month. see是瞬间动词(p26)知识链接 瞬间动词与表示一段时间的词同时出现在现在完成时的否定句中，不能变为延续性动词。3. I met many of my favourite Disney characters, such as Sleeping Beauty, Snow

32、 White, Alice and Cinderella, Mickey Mouse and all his friends were all there too. 4. I couldn t stop taking photos with them. can t/couldn t stop doing sth禁不住做某事知识链接cant/couldn t help doing sth禁不住做某事，cant/couldn t wait to do sth迫不及待做某事。用法拓展stop doing sth 停止做某事， stop to do sth 停下来去做某事。5. The perform

33、ers all wore different costumes and waved to people while they marched across the park, singing and dancing all the way . all the way 一路上(p27)知识链接 wave to sb 向某人招手 /挥手 wave n.波；波浪march across 迈步穿越 singing and dancing all the way 是现在分词短语，作伴随状态。6. I m sure you ll love it.你一定会喜欢的。I m sure that sb will

34、do sth.Sb is sure to do sth.知识链接I m sure that he will win the match. He is sure to win the match.7. The line of people outside Space Mountain was endless. We thought it was hopeless to wait in the line.太空山外人们排的队伍不见尽头。我们原以为排不上队了。(p30)知识链接 endless 无尽的； 无休止的， e.g. endless love We have endless homework

35、to do.wait in the line 排队等候Sb thoughtthat 从句，某人原以为。8. I m watching an interesting TV programme. It started at 7 p.m. and has been on for haf an hour.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 25 页知识点大全知识链接be onbe shown 放映 be on show 展出 , e.g. Many old things are on show in the museum. When

36、 we reached the cinema yesterday, the film had been on/shown for 5 minutes.9. She must be happy now, isn t she? She must be happy yesterday, wasnt she ? (p33)知识链接must 一定，表示推测时，反意疑问句中的附加疑问部分应以时间状语为准。10. Spring is the best time for visiting Chinese garden . Chinese garden 中国园林(p35)知识链接the best time fo

37、r doing sth the best time to do sth 做某事的最佳时节e.g.Autumn is the best time for visiting the Fragrant Hill. Autumn is the best time to visit the Fragrant Hill.11. Do you have any ideas about what to do for May Day holiday? 12. By the way, how long does it take to fly to Singapore? Sorry, I don t know, b

38、ut I can check it for you . by the way 顺便问一下，check sth for sb 替某人核实某事知识链接It takes sb some time to do sth. How long does it take sb to do sth?13. The day of our trip to Hong Kong finally arrived. My parents and I were excited about this special trip because we all wanted to visit Disneyland and take

39、photos with the cute cartoon characters. the day of one s trip to某人去某地旅行的那一天(p38)知识链接be excited about (doing) sth 对(做)某事感到兴奋take photos 拍照， take photos with 和拍照cutelovely 可爱的14. The weather in Hong Kong is quite different from that in Beijing.香港的天气与北京不同。知识链接在 asas, not as/soas, the same as, be diffe

40、rent from或形容词、副词的比较等级结构中，当主语为不可数名词时，后者用 that 代替。当主语是名词复数时，后者用 those代替。 e.g. Usually the pollution in big cities is much more serious than that in the countries. There are more books in our library than those in theirs.15. I hope I can visit there again some day . I hope that引导的一般将来时或can 从句。知识链接 some

41、 dayone day 有朝一日； (将来的 )一天。 one day 还表示过去的“ 某一天 ” 。16. I left a book at Millie s home. leave sth地点，把某物忘在某处；forget 忘记某事。知识链接The forgetful man often leaves his bag on buses. Why weren t you at the meeting? Sorry, I forgot.Unit3 一.【精选词汇】重点短语1. I have no idea.I ve no idea.I don t know.我不知道。(p40)精选学习资料 -

42、 - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 25 页知识点大全2. turn on the TV turn on/off打开 /关闭 ，turn up/down 调大 /调低；都是 “ 动词副词 ” 。3. change the channel 换台 on Channel在 台，e.g. on CCTV- 5拓展：the English Channel英吉利海峡4. different uses of computers 计算机的不同用途：draw and design, play computer games, search for inform

43、ation, send and receive e-mails 收发电子邮件 , do word processing 进行文字处理, write computer programs 编写计算机程序(p41)5. travel around the world in eight hours八小时环游地球， educational CD-ROM 教育软件(p42)6. come out (书等 )出版，发行，发表，不能用于被动语态，可以转化为be published。知识链接When will her new novel come out? When will her new novel be

44、published?用法拓展 (太阳、月亮或星星)出现；露出， e.g. The rained stopped and the sun came out. (花朵 )开放； (草 )出芽， e.g. In March flowers and grass come out.7. learn English and geography at the same time 同时学英语和地理at the same time同时知识链接learn and play at the same time 边学边玩8. the main character 主角 play the main character o

45、fplay the lead role of知识链接play the role扮演 ，the best actor 最佳男主角， the best actress最佳女主角9. have/get itchy feet 渴望旅行， e.g. She has gone to Australiashe has always had itchy feet.10. help you learn English by testing your knowledge of English grammar and vocabulary (p43)知识链接 by 介词，通过某种方法、手段，后接名词或动词-ing。

46、He made a living by selling flowers. You can know more about the news by reading today s newspaper.have a knowledge of 有某方面的知识，e.g. He has a wide knowledge of painting.他在绘画方面知识渊博。Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。11. one of the best on the market 市面上最畅销的一种12. choose one icon in the menu 在菜单里选择一个图标，click on

47、 it for more details点击它以了解详情 click on 点击 ，left double- click on 左键双击 13. open my new e-dictionary on my computer打开我电脑上的新电子词典(p48)知识链接“ 打开 ” 电脑的软件用open不用 turn on。用法拓展 英汉词典an English-Chinese dictionary ， 汉英词典a Chinese-English dictionary查字典： look up a word in a dictionary或 look a word up in a dictionar

48、y14. restart the computer 重新启动电脑 start vt.启动；开始 restart重新启动知识链接re部分动词 再，e.g. rebuild 重建， reuse循环使用， retell 复述用法拓展set offstart off 出发；动身，set about doing sth 开始做某事，着手做某事15. check the settings 检查设置， double-click on the “ auto -run ” icon 双击 “ 自动运行 ” 图标，double-click on the icon for “ Tour ” double-click

49、 on the icon double-click on the icon for双击 图标， put in the CD-ROM插入光盘16. connect the keyboard to the computer properly 正确地连接键盘和电脑精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 25 页知识点大全知识链接 connect A to B 连接 A 和 B be connected to 与连接proper adj.正确的 properly17. grow an inch 长一英寸， grow to six fee

50、t long 长到六英尺长 A foot is equal to 12 inches.18. daily English everyday English 日常英语 daily newspaper 日报， Xinhua Daily 新华日报19. go on short tours of Australia and New Zealand去澳大利亚和新西兰短期旅行(p52)20. be hidden in somewhere in the Arctic 被藏在北极的某个地方 be hidden地点，被藏在21. the treasure box 百宝箱 treasure hunt寻宝(p55)

51、词汇解析1. online adj.联网的；在线的e.g. chat online 网上聊天， order a package online 网上订购一套2. reach vt.到达 get toarrive at/in 达到， e.g. reach 18 years old 年满 18 岁 The child isn t tall enough to reach the snacks on the table. reach out a hand 伸出一只手3. correctly adv.正确地 correct adj.正确的 incorrect incorrectly vt.改正；修正，e

52、.g. correct a mistake 改正错误correct 正确的 wrong 错误的， in the correct order 按正确顺序4. educate v.教育 education n.教育 educational adj.教育的， e.g. educate oneself 自修；培养 be educated at school在学校里受教育have a good education 受到良好教育5. knowledge n.知识 know vt.知道 be known to sb 为某人所知， be well known/ famous for因 而出名， be know

53、n as作为 而出名， e.g. Samuel Clemens, who was known as Mark Twain, was a famous American writer. 塞缪斯 克莱门斯，以马克 吐温知名，是美国名作家。6. point n.分数 e.g. get 100 points 得 100 分n.小数点e.g. 1.732 读作 one point seven three two v.指 e.g. point out 指出， point at/to指向7. regards(用于信函的结尾或转达问候)致意；问候 regard sb as把某人视为 8. company 简写

54、作 Co.，e.g.有限公司company limited Co., Ltd。producer 制作人；制造商。9. 使用计算机Office word 常用短语： create a file 创建文档， keep/save the file for future use保存该文档以备用。“ 收发电子邮件” send and receive e-mails 需要 “ 电子信箱 ” e-mail address。10. control n.(键盘上的 )控制键vt. 控制e.g. The traffic lights are controlled by a central computer.交通信

55、号灯由中心计算机控制。This knob controls the volume. 此旋钮调节音量。二.【重点句型】1. What do you use your computer for? I usually use it to search for information. (p41)知识链接What for? Why ? 为什么 ? e.g. What did you do that for? Why did you do that?2. It sounds interesting, doesn t it? “陈述句附加疑问？” 构成反意疑问句。(p42)附加疑问即“ 助动词或助动词的否

56、定式缩写主语或there ”；附加疑问部分的助动词必须与陈述句保持一致，主语必须是人称代词或there，并与陈述句主语的单复数保持一致。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 25 页知识点大全前肯定后否定；前否定后肯定。尤其要注意“ 前否定后肯定 ” 答语的英汉差异。反意疑问句的答语为“Yes, 主语助动词. ” 或“No, 主语助动词的否定式” 。e.g. Simon didn t take part in the football match, did he? Yes, he did. Though he wasn t f

57、eeling well. 西蒙没有参加足球赛，是吗？ 不，他参加了。尽管他当时不舒服。3. One day, he was lying on the grass and looking at the beautiful blue sky, when he fell asleep and had a very strange dream.一天，他躺在草地上，看着美丽的蓝天，不知不觉间睡着了，并做了个奇怪的梦。lie 躺 lies lying lay lain 说谎lies lying lied lied 位于 lies lying lied lied知识链接 lie 意思是 “ 躺” ，常用于

58、lie down 躺下， find sb/sth lying 地点She found a purse lying on the ground. I found a homeless man lying at the street corner. fall asleep 睡着， e.g. He fell asleep when he was watching TV. have/dream a dream做了一个 的梦，e.g. have/dream a strange dream用法拓展 lie 说谎， e.g. You could see from his face that he was l

59、ying. tell a lie 说谎位于， e.g. Jiangsu lies in the east of China.4. See those big clouds of different colours with questions on them? You get a point every time you answer a question correctly . every time陈述句，每当 ，引导时间状语从句。知识链接get a point 得一分， answer a question correctly 答对一题5. When you have got enough

60、points, a cloud will come down and carry you off to a place you have never visited before . you have never visited before是省略关系代词that/which 的定语从句。知识链接have got enough points 获得足够的点数，carry you off to把你带到 6. Are you ready? Let s go！准备好了吗？出发！7. For example, when you reach London, you will learn about the

61、 Museum of London and many other interesting places. learn about 了解 many other名词复数，其他许多 (p43)8. Every time you pass a level, you will see a map of the world. pass a level过一关知识链接 Every time 陈述句， 每当 a map of the world 世界地图 a map of China9. The places you have visited are marked in bright purple. 你到过的地

62、方都标上了明亮的紫色。10. Get it now before it is sold out . sell out 售完，be sold out 被售完，sell well 好卖 (不用被动 )知识链接Have you got a size M? Sorry, they are all sold out. They sell well.11. I ve bought many educational CD-ROMs before, but I ve found none of them to be any good.知识链接find none of them to be any good 没

63、发现一个好的12. How can your teacher read your homework on the computer? I can send him e-mails or 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 25 页知识点大全print it out . read your homework 批阅作业， send sb e-mails给某人发电子邮件(p46)知识链接on the computer 在电脑上， on the screen，on TV ，on the Internet(在因特网上 )13. Do

64、you have a new printer, too? Yes, and it prints very quickly. 该句的 print 不用被动。14. My new computer is much faster than the old one. I can type very easily, and the keyboard is very comfortable. 15. We ve got many kinds of personal computers. This green one is called Kiwi, and it is designed especially

65、 for students. personal computer 个人电脑，简写作PC。(p48)知识链接 Kiwi (informal) a person from New Zealand 新西兰人几维鸟， 新西兰鸟，喙长、翼短、无尾、不能飞kiwi fruit猕猴桃；奇异果 be designed especially for students特别为学生而设计16. Is it used widely? Of course, very widely in Beijing. be widely used被广泛使用知识链接 English is widely used as the secon

66、d language in many countries. (be widely as被广泛用作 )17. When a total of ten questions are answered incorrectly, the princess will become bald. (p51)知识链接total n. 总数，总和e.g. You got 47 points on the written exam and 18 on the oral, making a total of 65. 你笔试得了47 分，口试得了 18 分，总分 65 分。Out of a total of 15 ga

67、mes, they only won 2.在总共 15 场比赛中，他们只胜了2 场。 become bald 秃顶 become形容词18. The questions get more difficult as you go to higher levels.当你到更高的级别，问题就更难了。知识链接 as连词，当 时，随着 。e.g. The air will get fresher as you reach the top of the mountain.19. She will help you when necessary. 必要时她会帮助你。 if necessary如果有必要(p5

68、2)20. Many topics are covered in the course, including travel and hotels, food and drink, and shopping and money. 这一课程涉及许多主题，包括旅游、饭店、购物和钱币。(p53)知识链接coverinclude 包括；涉及including 介词，包括 在内， e.g. His talk covered/included the history between the two World Wars. The package includes/covers a book and two

69、CD-ROMs. There were ten students left in the classroom, including Tom.21. Can you show me how to start this online tour of Australia, please? 你能告诉我如何开启这个澳大利亚的在线之旅吗？ how to start 是“ 疑问词动词不定式” 。22. Do you mind telling me how to use this function?你介不介意告诉如何使用这个功能？知识链接mind 介意，表示请求允许或客气地请人做事。注意以下两种表达的不同：D

70、o/Would you mind my/me doing sth?或 Do/Would you mind if I do sth?你介意我做某事精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 25 页知识点大全吗？表示请求对方的允许，答语为Of course not. Certainly not. 或 Youd better not. Better not.Do/Would you mind doing sth? 你介意做某事吗？表示客气地请人做事。Do you mind my opening the window? Do you m

71、ind if I open the window? 我开窗户好吗？Would you mind explaining that again, please? 请你再解释一遍行吗？请做题Would you mind ? I m feeling too tired. Of course not. Let me do it.A. to drive B. my drive C. driving D. my driving23. Just double-click on the “ Pencil” icon. A worksheet has just appeared on the screen.知识链

72、接appear 是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。appear出现 disappear 消失sheet n.床单 e.g. change the sheet换床单一张 (通常指标准尺寸的纸) e.g. 500 sheets24. In which countries is the game sold? 这个游戏在哪些国家销售？(p55)知识链接In which countries 不能去掉介词in，e.g. Which city did you go to last summer?25. The goal of the game is to travel around the world to

73、learn the history of each place and use this knowledge to open the treasure box. 当主语是goal 等时，用动词不定式be to do 作表语。三.【语法详解】被动语态英语中的语态主动语态和被动语态英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：They built a new bridge over the river. (主动 ) A new bridge was built over the river by them. (被动 ) Many peo

74、ple speak English. ( 主动 ) English is spoken by many people. (被动 )汉语中常用 “ 被” 、 “ 给” 、“ 由 ” 、“ 受” 等词用来表示被动，而英语用“ 助动词be及物动词的过去分词构成” ，即 “be p.p. ”，其中助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的基本用法当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be过去分词构成，时态通过动词be 表现出来。什么时候使用被动语态不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Some windows were

75、broken last night. This book was published ( 出版 ) in 2005. 注意：第句 This book came out in 2005. come out 是不及物动词短语， 不能用于被动语态。只强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。Educational CD-ROMs are sold in many countries. Rice was first grown in China.English is learned all over the world.注意：不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态，如：appear, happen, ta

76、ke place等。被动语态的基本结构动作的承受者be过去分词其他by动作的执行者。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 25 页知识点大全简写为 “ 承受者 be过去分词其他by动作的执行者” 。主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：确定主动语态的时态，它决定着被动语态中的助动词be。 找出主动语态的主、谓、宾。 按照上述句式改写：承受者+be+过去分词 +其他 by执行者常用的被动语态结构时态结构时态结构一般现在时am/is/arep.p. 含情态动词can/may/must/ be p.p.一般过去时was/werep.p.现在

77、完成时have/has been + p.p.一般将来时will/shall be p.p.am/is/are going to bep.p.现在进行时am/is/are being + p.p.主动改为被动语态的例子：主动语态基本结构为主、谓、宾。His brother washes dishes every day. Dishes are washed every day by his brother.主(执行者 ) 谓宾(承受者 ) 其他Peter will clean the room tomorrow. The room will be cleaned tomorrow by Pet

78、er.He must look after the little boy. The little boy must be looked after by him.The students are watching a charity show. A charity show is being watched by the students.特殊情况的被动语态简单句五种基本形式中的其中两种变为被动语态时十分重要：主谓双宾：这类短语含有介词to 或 for 。如： give, send, show, buy, makegive sb sth give sth to sb，buy sb sthbuy

79、 sth for sb主动语态： Amy gave me some nice stickers. Amy gave some nice stickers to me.被动语态： I was given some nice stickers by Amy.或 Some nice stickers were given to me by Amy.主动： A fairy gave the princess a magic wand. A fairy gave a magic wand to Princess Laura. 被动： The princess was given a magic wand

80、 by a fairy. 或 A magic wand was given to the princess.总结含有双宾语的动词短语变为被动语态的规则：可以把任何一个宾语作为被动语态的主语；如果把直接宾语(即物体 )作为主语，动词和直接宾语之间要添加相应的介词to 或 for。主动语态中无论使用give sb sth 还是 give sth to sb，一律按照上述句子改写，即：give sb sth 或 give sth to sb sb be given sth或 sth be given to sb，这类含有介词to 或 for 的短语见下表主动语态被动语态send sb sth或 se

81、nd sth to sbsb be sent sth或 sth be sent to sbshow sb sth 或 show sth to sbsb be shown sth或 sth be shown to sbbuy sb sth 或 buy sth for sbsb be bought sth 或 sth be bought for sbmake sb sth 或 make sth for sbsb be made sth或 sth be made for sb精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 25 页知识点大全

82、主谓宾省略to 的不定式 (即宾补 )：使役动词变为被动语态时，原来省略的to 一定要加上。常见短语 make sb do sthsb be made to do sth (主动语态不含to， 被动语态必须带to。 下同 )hear sb do sthsb be heard to do sth see sb do sthsb be seen to do sthhave sb do sthsb be had to do sth注意特殊例子：let sb do sth sb be let do sth (主动语态和被动语态都不含to。)e.g. He made the w orkers work

83、12 hours a day. The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.主动形式表示被动意义：有些不及物动词(其主语大都指物)的主动语态可以表示被动意义。某些连系动词。这些动词有feel, taste, smell, sound, prove 等。The coffee smells delicious. The story proved quite false. 某些可与well, easily, quickly等副词连用的不及物动词。This kind of bikes sells well. This kind of rice cooks

84、more quickly than that kind.某些可用于 “ 主谓主补” 结构中的不及物动词。e.g. The bag broke open.动名词在be worth doing 句型中的主动形式表示被动含义。 His novels are so well worth reading that I want one. These stamps are worth collecting. 动名词在need, want, require 等动词后，主动形式表示被动含义。need doingneed to be doneThe problem requires dealing with i

85、mmediately. Her bike needed repairing.动词不定式的主动形式在too to 句型中表示被动含义。The box is too heavy to carry.有些形容词后的动词不定式有被动含义。这些形容词有easy, difficult, heavy, nice, good, pleasant, important, useful, dangerous 等。Bad habits are easy to contract. English is difficult to learn. Unit4 一.【精选词汇】重点短语1. hold a microphone

86、拿着麦克风 比较：The host came on stage with a microphone in his hand.2. Congratulations! 祝贺你！ congratulations 在向别人表示祝贺、祝福时常用复数。(p60)3. be chosen to be/as the host of a charity show be chosen to be/as被选作 知识链接be chosen to do sth被选做某事，e.g. Hepburn was chosen to play the lead role.4. fund-raising activities fo

87、r charities为慈善机构筹款的活动，advertise on the Internet 在网上做广告 advertise on TV/in the newspaper/in the magazine 在电视上 /报纸上 /杂志上做广告，精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 25 页知识点大全organize a charity show 组织慈善演出，sell books to raise money 卖书来筹款(p61)5. give out leaflets 发传单 give out分发，动词副词结构，give

88、it/them out 。6. return to school 重返学校 return 回到 return to地点 return sth to sb把某物归还某人知识链接return to go back to 回到 return sth to sbgive sth back to sb 归还 Hong Kong returned to China in1997. I remembered returning the book to the library.7. help protect rivers and lakes in China 帮助保护中国的河流和湖泊 help (to) do

89、 sth 帮助做 8. host a charity show 主持慈善演出，start working on the show 开始着手演出工作(p62)9. have a lot of support from local businesses 得到当地企业的许多支持知识链接have support from sb have sb s support 得到某人的支持，e.g. have my parents support.business n.企业；商行事情 Mind your own business. It s none of your business.不关你的事。 on busi

90、ness因公；公干He has gone to Beijing on business. business hours 营业时间用法拓展 be busy with sth 忙于某事be busy (in) doing sth 忙于做某事 (联想记忆：因为忙的时候人在做事，所以be busy 之后用动词的ing 形式 ) as busy as a bee极忙碌地10. perform on the stage 在舞台上表演 perform v. performer n.表演者 performance n.表演11. on the side door 在侧门上，at both sides of t

91、he stage在舞台的两侧， in the middle of the stage在舞台的中间，in the four corners of the school hall在学校礼堂的四个角落里(p67)12. design the poster 设计海报， set up the stage搭建舞台， ask friends and families to come (p70)13. make a sentence造句 make a sentence with用 造句， keep silent 保持沉默，from now on从今以后 (用于将来时 )，since then 自那时起 (用于

92、完成时 )，day and night 日日夜夜， first of all首先； 最重要的是， care more about 多关注 care more about the people in need，care only about 只关心 ，care about在乎 , 关心 (p72)14. make/do a speech演讲 freedom of speech 言论的自由(p73)词汇解析1. 中国的慈善机构： Project Hope 希望工程， Spring Bud Project 春蕾计划， Project Green Hope绿色希望工程，Save Chinas Tige

93、rs 拯救中国虎2. TV cameras 摄像机， TV station 电视台 Chinese Central Television Station CCTV3. rise vi. 上升，(太阳、月亮 )升起 反义词 set， e.g. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳东升西落。 The curtain rose. (水)涨高 e.g. The river rose after the rain. (物价 )上涨e.g. Prices have risen surprisingly. 物价上涨得很惊人。用法拓展 rise r

94、oserisen vi. 上升；升起raise raised raised vt. 举起；升起，筹集二.【重点句型】1. Only if you sleep less during the day. 只要你白天少睡一些觉(p60)知识链接only if 只要 就；只有 才精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 25 页知识点大全2. There are many ways to raise money for charity. 为慈善筹款有许多方式。3. A lot of work needed to be finished

95、, so I don t have much free time. (p62)知识链接主语是事物时，need to be done need doing 主动形式表示被动。Your clothes are so dirty. They need washing./They need to be washed. (SeeUnit 3 语法详解 )4. It was my job to introduce each star. 我的工作是介绍每一个明星。知识链接 当主语是 job, duty, goal, purpose, aim, dream, wish 等时， 动词 be 之后用动词不定式作表

96、语。 e.g. Her duty is to clean the street. His dream is to be an explorer.5. I couldn t sleep at all that night because I was so excited. Will it be a success? I kept asking myself. 知识链接not at all 根本不 ；一点也不 kept doing sth 反复做某事be a success成功 be successful，be a big/great success非常成功6. No time to be ner

97、vous any more. This is it! 没有时间再紧张了。就这样吧！知识链接(There be) no time to do sth.没有时间做某事。e.g. Theres no time to have breakfast.7. The fans of the pop stars were making a lot of noise, so I had to speak loudly.知识链接make a lot of noise 大声吵闹 make a noise 吵闹；发出响声speak loudly 大声说话 read aloud 朗读 (动词副词结构)，read it/

98、them aloud8. Everything seemed to happen so fast, and now it is all over.知识链接 seem adj. 好像；似乎 seem (to be)形容词 look形容词seem (to be) happy Sb seems/seemed to do sth. It seems/seemed that sb do sth 好像 /似乎某人做某事，Everything seemed to happen so fast. It seemed that everything happened so fast. It seems to m

99、e that sb do sth.9. A lot of money has been donated to Project Green Hope. have/has been过去分词知识链接donate sth to sb 向捐赠某物 sth be donated to sb 某物被捐赠给 e.g.People have donated tens of millions of yuan to Project Hope since it was founded in 1989.10. I hope more events like this will be organized to raise

100、 money for charity and I think more people should be invited to take part in them . more events like this更多像这样的活动知识链接 invite sb to.sb be invited to应邀到某地， invite sb to do sthsb be invited to do sth 应邀做某事， e.g. Last night they were invited to Amy s birthday party.take part injoin in 参加 attend出席，e.g. M

101、any important persons attended the conference.11. I was glad to receive your e-mail. It was great fun to be a host, wasn t it? (p69)12. Some children in poor areas do not have money to go to school, so Project Hope pay for their education.知识链接pay for sth 付 的款， pay some money for sth 买某物付 钱13. Our cl

102、ass held a meeting to talk about holding a charity show . hold/have a meeting 开会精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页，共 25 页知识点大全知识链接 talk about sb/sth 讨论、 谈论某人或某事，talk about doing sth 讨论、谈论做某事14. We have arranged work among the students.我们已在同学中分配了工作。(p71)知 识链接 arrange vt. 安排；筹备 rearra

103、nge vt. 重新安排；重新排列，arrange arrangement，rearrange rearrangement。e.g. They arranged a farewell party for the exchange students. among 在中(两者以上 ) between 在中(两者 ) e.g. There is a wooden house among the trees. English is widely used for business between countries.15. I hope that our show will be held at th

104、e school hall. I hope a lot of pop stars can be invited to the show. 知识链接hopethat 引导的一般将来时或含有情态动词can的从句。 hope to do sth希望做某事。英语里没有hope sb to do sth，必须改为hopethat 从句。用法拓展 want/wish to do sth 想做某事， want/wish sb to do sth 想让某人做某事。wishthat 从句表示祝福、祝愿表示不可能实现或很难实现的愿望e.g. I wish you will have success at scho

105、ol. I wish you a happy new year. I wish I were a bird and could fly in the sky freely.16. Project Hope is an organization that raises money to build schools and buy books for poor students. (p72) 知识链接画线部分是关系代词that/which 引导的定语从句，该句不能省略关系代词。17. We would like to thank the following for their help and s

106、upport.感谢以下 (单位或个人 )的帮助或支持。18. We think it s important that all children learn to read and write. 该句中的 itthat 从句。(p74)19. Their parents have no money, so the children have to go to work instead.这些孩子的父母没钱，所以他们得去干活。知识链接 instead 是副词，意思是 “ 代替，反而，却” ， 表示 “ 本应做的事没有做，反而 ” 。e.g. Let him go instead. instead

107、of名词 /人称代词宾格 /动名词 /介词短语，代替 , 而不是 。 He was ill. I did the work instead of him. He spent his free time chatting online instead of watching TV. The children should go to school instead of working to support their families. 孩子们应该上学，而不是干活养家。She will go to Dalian by ship instead of by plane.20. After a fe

108、w songs, there was a break. (p75)知识链接break n.暂停，休息 (工作时的间歇) 常用于： have a break休息一下。用法拓展 break down 出故障break into 强行闯入 break out(战争、 地震、火灾等 )发生 A fire broke out last night. break vi.破晓， e.g. Day broke. 天亮了。 Night fell. 天黑了. Unit5 一.【精选词汇】精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 16 页，共 25 页知识点大全重

109、点短语1. have some pocket money left Sb have sth left某人剩下某物。 There be sth/sb left.剩下 (p76)知识链接She has spent all her money on this book. Now she has none left. Hurry up. There is little time left.2. a flying eye hospital 飞行眼科医院， perform/do operations 做手术， teach them new skills and share our knowledge 教他

110、们新技术、 分享我们的知识，watch the operations on video 观看手术录像， train local doctors and nurses 培训当地的医护人员(p78)3. be used as a teaching centre 被用作教学中心 be used as被用作 use as把 用作知识链接be used as useas， e.g. English is used as the first language in the USA.4. operate on 150 patients operate on perform/do an operation o

111、n给 做手术(79)知识链接operate operation operating room 手术室 operating table 手术台用法拓展operate v.操作， e.g. Can you operate computers? This machine doesnt operate well.5. be proud to be able to help so many people proud adj.骄傲的；自豪的pride n.骄傲知识链接 be proud to do sth 因做某事而骄傲/自豪，I m proud to be a member of the team.be

112、/feel proud of以为骄傲 /自豪， e.g. He is proud of his achievements. be/feel proud that 从句，以 为荣， e.g. She s proud that her son has so much talent. be the pride of是 的骄傲， e.g. His great success is the pride of us.be able to动词原形，常用于一般现在时、一般过去时，也与情态动词must, may 或助动词 will 等连用， e.g. You must be able to speak Fren

113、ch for this job. 比较 can/could动词原形，只用于一般现在时、一般过去时。用法拓展 able有才能的 ability 能力 disabled 残疾的 , able unable 不能的 be unable to不能6. make the world a better place for children 让世界成为孩子们的更好地方，receive/get education 接受教育，work far away from home ， work for ORBIS ， work as a doctor 当医生 work as当；从事 7. make a donation

114、 to make donations todonate money to向捐款，do voluntary work做义工， raise money by selling Christmas cards and organizing other fund-raising activities (p86)8. make flow charts 制作流程图， have a job like Marys有一份像玛丽那样的工作，finish school毕业 (不用定冠词the)，train as a nurse接受护士培训train as接受 培训(p89)9. do a lot of researc

115、h on it research n.研究， e.g. scientific research 科学研究(p91)精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 17 页，共 25 页知识点大全词汇解析1. 国际慈善机构(international charities) ：ORBIS 奥比斯， Oxfam 乐施会 Hong Kong Oxfam香港乐施会， Oxfam Trailwalker 乐施会毅行者活动， UNICEF 联合国儿童基金会， World Vision世界宣明会， World Wide Fund for Nature WWF 世界

116、自然基金会2. indeed adv.的确，实在地，确实，用以加强肯定的语气。 e.g. Do you agree? Yes, indeed! A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见友情；患难朋友才是真正的朋友。3. 部分动词、形容词加后缀可以变为名词，常见的有以下三种情况： 部 分 动 词 后 缀ment 名 词 ： agreeagreement, advertise advertisement ad, develop development, punish punishment, improve improvement 部 分 动 词 后 缀ion

117、 名 词 ： invent invention, collectcollection, donatedonation, educate education, celebrate celebration, organize organization, invite invitation, connect connection形容词后缀ness名词 ：illillness, sicksickness, richrichness, kindkindness, ugly ugliness, careless carelessness, fit fitness, great greatness, car

118、eless carelessness (粗心 )二.【重点句型】1. I m not used to going out before lunch. Don t worry . Hobo, you used to be very kind to me. Let me have lunch first. I m so weak that I can t walk further . further 是 far 的比较级。(p76)2. Blindness affects about 45 million people around the world, mostly in poor countr

119、ies, and about 80 per cent of these cases can be cured or prevented. 80% of the cases of blindness 80%的失明病例(p78)知识链接affectinfluence vt. 影响 effect n. 影响，常用短语have a bad/good effect on sb，e.g. Smoking affects your health. Fights in action films have a bad effect on teenagers.mostly adv. 主要地；大部分地；一般地，e.

120、g. We re mostly out on Sundays. 我们星期天一般不在家。per cent 百分数，如：80%读作 eighty per cent。当百分数作主语时，谓语动词的形式由百分数后面的名词而定，与“ 就近原则 ” 相似。 e.g. 71% of the earth is covered with water. Twenty per cent of the students are from the countryside.3. However, many people do not have the money for medical treatment. 没钱医治知识链

121、接medicine n.医学；内服药，e.g. Chinese medicine 中药， traditional Chinese medicine 中医， take/ have the medicine 服药， study medicine 学医 medicine medical adj.医学的；医疗的，e.g. medical history 病史， medical records 病历， medical examination 体检，medical examiner 法医，medical treatment 医治treat vt.治疗 treatment n.治疗，under the tr

122、eatment 在治疗中vt.对待treat sb asregard sb as把看作 ； 把 视为 ， Don t treat him as a child. People regard Jet Lee as a talented actor.4. Many of our patients are so poor that they can t afford to travel to hospital, so we have to go to 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 18 页，共 25 页知识点大全them. 我们的许多病

123、人很穷，连去医院的钱都没有，所以我们得去他们那里。知识链接afford sth 买得起 ；有时间做 ，通常与can, could, be able to 连用，一般用于否定句、 疑问句中。 e.g. Can we afford a new car? afford to do sth 有足够的钱做某事，e.g. We can t afford to buy a new house. Can they afford to go abroad this summer?5. By training local doctors and nurses, we hope to help even more

124、people. by介词，通过。6. You ve done such an important job that people must be really grateful to you. (p79)知识链接be grateful to sb for sth 因某事而感激某人gratefulthankful ，注意不要把grateful 写成 greatful。e.g. I m grateful to you for your help and support. 7. However, the most important thing for us is that we can help

125、people see again. that引导的表语从句。8. Thank you very much for your time, Dr Ma. Is there anything else you d like to say to our readers? 马医生，感谢你抽时间接受我们的采访。你还有别的话要对我们的读者说吗？9. Modern medicine is developing so quickly that we can treat and cure most eye problems and improve the lives of patients.现代医学发展如此之快，

126、以至于我们能治疗并治愈绝大多数眼疾，从而改善病人的生活。注意 sothat 结构中 so 后面形容词或副词的使用规则。知识链接 lifelives生活；生命， lose one s life/lives 丧生， save one s life/lives 挽救某人的生命，物主代词或名词所有格的单复数决定了life/lives 。e.g. lose his life, save their livesimprove 改进；改善；提高，e.g. You need more practice to improve your English.10. All we need is enough mone

127、y to carry on with our work.我们所需要的足够的钱，以继续我们的工作。 All we need 是 All that we need 的省略。知识链接 carry on with sth carry on doing sthcontinue to do sth continue doing sth 继续做某事， e.g. They carried on working, though they were very tired. 11. We hope people will support our work by sending donations to ORBIS.

128、We hope people will send donations to ORBIS to support our work.12. Dr Ma said that 80% of the cases of blindness can be either prevented or cured. (p81)知识链接either (两者中的 )任何一个， e.g. You can park on either side of the street.either or(对两事物的选择)要么 要么 ；不是 不是 ；或者 或者 ，作主语时谓语动词的形式遵循“ 就近原则 ” 。e.g. I think s

129、hes either English or American. I ll buy either a camera or a MP3 player with the money. This afternoon he will either stay at home or go to the cinema. Either he could not come or he did not want to.他要么是不能来要么是不想来。 Either he or you are going to be invited to attend the presentation this coming Frida

130、y.either ( 用于否定句句尾)也， Peter can t and I cant either. Sandy wont go there. I won t go there , either. Neither/Nor will I. Me either. 用法拓展Neither助动词主语，某某也不。So助动词主语，某某也如此。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 19 页，共 25 页知识点大全13. After learning from the ORBIS doctors, the local doctors can then

131、 help people in their areas.向奥比斯的医生学习之后，当地的医生们就可以帮助所在地区的人了。(p81)知识链接after 作介词时，后接名词、代词或动词-ing 形式。当after 引导的时间从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以省略从句的主语，并将谓语动词变为动词-ing 形式： After doing 。before/when/while/as 等时间状语从句的连词也如此。e.g. After he worked for ten hours, he felt quite tired. After working for ten hours, he felt quite

132、 tired.14. At that time, many children s lives were changed because of the war. (p86)15. Pollution is such a serious problem in many parts of the world that more action ought to be taken to prevent it . ought to动词原形should动词原形(p87)三.【语法详解】used to, be used to, sothat, such thatused to, be used to的用法us

133、ed to动词原形，过去常做某事；否定式为used not to do sth 或 did not use to do sth；疑问式为 Diduse to do sth?或 Used to do sth? There be 与 used to的用法为：肯定式 There used to be .； 否定式 There used not to be或 There did not use to be； 疑问式 Used there to be ? e.g. She used to live on her own.否定式： She used not to live on her own. She

134、didn t use to live on her own. 疑问式： Did she use to live on her own? Used she to live on her own? There used to be a clock tower. 否定式： There didn t use to be a clock tower. There used not be a clock tower. 疑问式： Did there use to be a clock tower? Used there to be a clock tower?be used to sth 习惯某事， be

135、used to doing sth 习惯做某事， 也可以表达为get/become used to sth, get/become used to doing sth 。e.g. Daniel is/gets/becomes used to the life in the city. She is/gets/become used to getting up early.sothat, such that的用法so, such 的用法：so 是副词，修饰形容词或副词原级；such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词短语。such 修饰含有名词单数、名词复数和不可数名词的名词短语，即：such a/an形

136、容词名词单数 such形容词名词复数such形容词不可数名词。注意以下特殊情况：such 修饰名词单数时可以转换为so，但是词序不同，即：such a/an形容词名词单数so形容词 a/an名词单数。当名词前有many, much, few, little这四个词修饰，只能用so，即 so many/few名词复数， so much/little 不可数名词；简言之，so修饰 “ 两多 ” 、“ 两少 ” 。例如： such a man such an exciting film so exciting a film such exciting films不能说成so exciting fil

137、ms such fine weather 不能说成so fine weather so many/few books 不能说成such many/few books so much/little pollution不能说成such much/little pollution 。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 20 页，共 25 页知识点大全sothat , suchthat 如此 以至于 ，引导结果状语从句，两者在意思上可以互换。such 修饰名词或名词短语；so 修饰形容词或副词原级。当so 前面的动词是连系动词时，so后面用形容

138、词原级；当so 前面是行为动词时，so 后面用副词原级；即：连系动词so形容词原级，行为动词so副词原级。so 或 such 的使用是中考的一个重要考点。The problem is so difficult that we cant work it out.It is such a difficult problem that we can t work it out. 注意： so that 转换为 such that ，必须保持意思不变。Many patients are so poor that they cant afford to go to hospital. Modern me

139、dicine is developing so quickly that we can treat and cure most eye problems.Dr Ma has done such an important job that people must be really grateful to him.sothat sb cant/couldn t ，suchthat sb cant/couldn t 引导的结果状语从句的否定式，可与 toofor sb to do (注意动词原形之后不能再接宾语)或 not形容词或副词原级enough to do sth 互换。The book c

140、ost so much that she couldnt buy it.The book cost too much for her to buy.He ran so quickly that nobody could catch up with him.He ran too quickly for anybody to catch up with. 注意简单句too for sb to do中的动词不定式之后不能再接宾语。The child was so young that he couldn t go to school.The child was too young to go to

141、school.The child was not old enough to go to school.Unit6 1再来一些some more 2最大的筹款活动one of the biggest fund-raising events 3亚洲的其他地区many other parts of Asia 4一次艰难的远足a tough hike 5在 48 小时之内within 48 hours 6一次极好的机会an excellent chance 7学会团队精神learn team spirit 8互相支持support each other 9至少at least 10使你感到舒服kee

142、p comfortable11尽力做某事try one s best to do12支持发展项目support development project 13为什么不why not do 14参加take part in 15以 出名 be known as 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 21 页，共 25 页知识点大全16完成某事finish doing 17保持健康keep fit 18看不起某人look down on 19发生take place 20后援小组a support team 21在某些方面in some way

143、 22在去 途中on the way to 23听某人做某事hear sb do/doing 24捉迷藏play hide-and-seek 25注意pay attention to 26做某事 (对某人来说 )是 it s + adj + (for sb.) to do27在湖边by the lake 28迷路get lost 29记得做某事remember to do sth. 30向 学习learn from 31航空邮寄by mail 32更多的信息further information 33虽然 ,尽管even though 34学习的机会a chance to study P92

144、1 train for a charity walk 为一个慈善步行活动受训2 support me 支持我3 It s meaningful to do sth. 做某事是有意义的。4 need some more food 需要更多的食物5 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事6 organize a charity walk 组织一次慈善步行活动7 design a web page to advertise the event 设计一张网页为这个活动做广告P93 1 people who need help 需要帮助的人2 a disabled person 一位残疾

145、人3 an elderly person 一位年岁大的人4 a homeless person 一位无家可归的人5 deaf people 聋人6 help them cross the road 帮助他们过马路精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 22 页，共 25 页知识点大全P94-95 1 a fund- raising event called Oxfam Trailwalker 一个叫作乐施会毅行者的慈善基金募集活动2 one of Hong Kong s fund-raising events 香港慈善基金募集活动之一3 b

146、e known as 被作为 了解4 people in other parts of Asia and Africa 亚洲和非洲其它地区的人5 be held in November 在 11 月举行6 group themselves into a team of four people 四人一组进行分组7 tough hike 艰苦的远足8 finish walking a 100-kilometre trail within 48 hours 在 48 小时内走完10 万米路9 It means that 这意味着 10 walk two days and night without

147、sleep 不睡觉走两天两夜11 walk through country parks 走过乡村公园12 walk over hills and mountains 翻山跃岭13 an excellent chance 一个极好的机会14 team spirit 团队精神15 plan everything together 一起计划所有的事情16 the team s finishing time will be recorded 整个团队最终所用时间将被记录下来17 It is necessary/ useful for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事 。It is nece

148、ssary/useful that. 18 support teams 支持小组19 keep sb comfortable 让某人舒服20 support development projects 支持发展计划21 try one s best to do sth 尽某人全力去做某事22 an experience you will never forget 一次终身难忘的经历P96-97 1 a path through the country 乡间小路2 collect money for 为筹集资金3 the process of growth 成长的过程4 a money-colle

149、cting event 一次资金筹集活动5 think of doing sth 考虑做某事6 take part in 参加7 fitness and training 健康和训练8 form groups of four 组成四人一组的团队9 the aim of sth 某事的目的10 the aim is to 目的是去 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 23 页，共 25 页知识点大全P98 1create new words by putting two words together 通过连接两个词来创造新词2 add a

150、 hyphen between the two words 在两个词中间加上一个连字符3 add hyphens if necessary 如果必要的话加上连字符4 bring a first aid box 带上一个急救箱P99-101 1 look down on /upon sb 看不起某人2 do voluntary work 做支援工作3 exercise to kip fit 通过锻炼保持健康P102-103 1 as much information as possible 尽可能多的信息2 5km south of Sunny Street Sunny 街向南 5 千米3 pl

151、ay hide-and-seek 捉迷藏4 flat land for flying kites 用来放风筝的平地fly kites on the flat land 5 900 metres high/in height 900 米高6 a small lake for fishing 用来钓鱼的小湖7 be close to 接近8 the Kite Festival 风筝节9 facts about the hill 关于小山的事实10 route of the walk 行走的路线11 best of all .最好地12 the perfect place 完美的地方13 find

152、the information useful 找出有用的信息14 tips for joining a charity walk 参加慈善之行的技巧15 bring an umbrella if necessary 如果必要的话带一把伞P104 1 your top teeth touch your bottom lip 上排牙齿碰到下唇2 the sound of violins 小提琴的声音3 sing with very beautiful voices 用非常优美的声音唱P105-106 1 the flow chart 流程表2 provide a chance to study 提

153、供一次学习机会3 details of the event 活动的细节4 get an application form 拿一张申请表精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 24 页，共 25 页知识点大全5 return the form on or before 15th May在五月十五或之前交回表格6 collection of funds 捐款总额7 Don t miss the chance. 不要错过这次机会。8 certificates for walk 慈善之行的证书9 receive a certificate 获得一张证书10 contact sb on 5558 6390 拨打 55586390 与某人联系P107 1 have the chance to do so 有机会这么做2 improve the lives of poor people 改进穷人的生活精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 25 页，共 25 页