《2022年英译汉中常见的重要短语及典型句型考研英语》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《2022年英译汉中常见的重要短语及典型句型考研英语(5页珍藏版)》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思胡小平 :英译汉中常见的重要短语及典型句型1(1) . not so much. as (but) .与其说还不如说(2) . not so much that.as (but) that.与其说还不如说(3) . not so much as. (=not even) 甚至于不,连也不(4) . might as well . as. 与其说还不如说例 1:He is not so much a teacher as a scholar. 译文:与其说他是老师,还不如说是学者。(注意翻译时动作的对象)例 2:It wasnt so much his ap
2、pearance I liked as his personality. 译文:与其说我喜欢他的外表,不如说我喜欢他的品格。例 3:Its not so much that I dont want to come but I just havent got the time. 译文:倒不是因为我不想来,而是我根本没有时间。例 4:He didnt so much as say thank you after all wed done for him. 译文:我们为他干了那么多事,他甚至连谢谢都没有说一声。例 5:You might as well throw your money into t
3、he sea as lend it to him. 译文:与其将钱借给他,还不如把钱丢进大海。(注意翻译时动作的对象) 注意 :more . than . 1) she is more beautiful than her sister. 她比她姐姐漂亮。2) George is moreintelligentthan aggressive. 与其说乔治言行放肆,不如说他聪颖过人。以上第 1) 句是 more. than结构的一般用法,即在两个不同的事物之间就同一方面作比较;而第2) 句是就同一个人的两个不同方面作比较。因此要译成“与其说还不如说”。more.than结构在上述1) 2) 两句
4、中的用法也适用于less . than结构,得出相反的含义:例如:1) John is less daring than quick-witted. 与其说约翰胆大,不如说他脑子灵活。2) George was less intelligent than aggressive. 与其说乔治聪颖过人,不如说他言行放肆。2几个不定代词的固定搭配:have none of: 不参加;不准;不接受I will have none of your stupid ideas! 我才不接受你那愚蠢的想法!He was offered a job but he said hed have none of it
5、. 他有一个工作机会,但他说他不接受。none but (=nothing but): 只有 (=only) None but the brave deserves the fair. 只有英雄才配得上美人。She chose none but the best. 她只选最好的。She is nothing but a child. 她只不过是个孩子。none other than:(表示惊讶)不是别人,正是 (= no one else but)It s none other than Tom! We thought you were in Africa. none the +比较级词 +
6、for:毫不,一点也不He spent 2 weeks in hospital but hes none the better for it. 他在医院里待了两个星期,但一点也没好转。My car is none the worse for wear. 我的车子一点也没有损耗。none the wiser:不知情If we take only one piece of cake, mother will be none the wiser. 如果我们只拿一小块蛋糕,母亲是不会知道的。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页
7、读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思none too: ( 在形容词或副词前) 不太;一点都不The service in this restaurant is none too fast. 这家旅馆的服务一点效率都没有。anything but:除 - 之外什么都(此处的but 等于 except )决不 (=not at all) I eat anything but (except) fish. 除了鱼,我什么都吃。She is anything but a good cook. 她决不是个好厨师。( 即:除了好厨师,她什么都是。) anything of:(疑问句 /条件句)一点点;
8、(否定句)一点也(没有)Is he anything of a poet? 他有一点点诗人的样子吗?I haven t seen anything of him lately. 最近我没有见过他。for anything: ( 否定句 ) (给什么都)不,决不I won t go there for anything. 我决不去那里。or anything:(意味着还有其他的可能性)If Bernard wants to call me or anything, I ll be here all day. 如果伯纳德要找我或什么的,我整天都会在这儿。if anything:若有任何不同的话If
9、 anything, my new job is harder than my old one. 要说有什么不同的话,我的新工作反而比旧工作要难些。or something:或什么的(表示说话者不能肯定)She is a stewardess or something. 她是空姐或什么的。something like:有点像,大约An airship is shaped something like a cigar. 飞船的形状有点像雪茄。something of a.:多少有点,有几分像,略懂hes something of a book collector. 他有几分像书籍收藏家。some
10、thing to / in: (叙述等)有些道理Theres something to / inwhat you say; Ill take your advice. 你说的有些道理,我会接受你的建议have / be something to do with:与有关I think Guy Fawkes had / was something to do with a plan to blow up the bridge. 我想盖佛克跟图谋炸毁桥梁有关。nothing but (= none but = only):仅仅,只不过We could see nothing but fog. 除了雾
11、之外我们什么也看不见。for nothing:免费的;徒劳的;无缘无故的She got the ticket for nothing. 她免费得到那张票。All our preparation for nothing! No one s even come to the party. 我们为宴会所作的准备都白费了! 连一个人都没来。They quarreled for nothing.他们无缘无故地争吵。make nothing of: ( 常和 can 一起用 ) 不理解;不重视 , 轻视 (= think nothing of) I could make nothing of the pa
12、ssage. 我不理解这篇文章。He makes / thinks nothing of working ten hours a day. 他不在乎一天工作十小时。to say nothing of: 更不用说( = not to mention / without mentioning)Three people were badly hurt, to say nothing of damage to the building. 三个人受了重伤,建筑物的损害更不用说了。have nothing to do with:与无关I have nothing to do with the accide
13、nt. 我与这场事故无关。nothing if not:格外地;非常地 (= very / much / extremely) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思He was nothing ifnot clever. (= He was very clever.) 他格外聪明。nothing of:无的部分;无的气质There was nothing of the lady in her behavior. 她的举止根本没有淑女的气质。区别:all but几乎,差一点,除以外其
14、余都是but for 要不是but that+从句 :若不是例 1:She all but fainted when she heard the news. 译文:她听到这一消息时几乎晕倒了。注:此句中a11 but意为 nearly ,almost 。试对比:All but the little children thought that the trip was exciting译文:除了小孩,大家都认为这次旅行是激动人心的。此句中 all but意为 a11 except 。例 2:But for the rain we should have a pleasant journey. 译
15、文:要不是下雨,我们的旅行本来是愉快的。例 3:He would have helped us but that he was short of money at the time. 译文:若不是他那时缺钱,他是会帮助我们的。注 1) but that 引导的从句中谓语用陈述语气。2)but that有灵活的译法。如:Nothing would satisfy that child but that I place her on my lap( 那孩子什么都不要,只要我把她抱在怀里。) 3“ 名词 +or+名词 ”结构中 or 后的名词是同位语,应译为“即;或者称”例 1:Moreover,
16、technology includes techniques, or ways to do things, as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them. 译文:再者,除机器外技术还包括技艺,即制作方法,而动用这些技艺并不一定都需要机器。4“ only + to do”意为“,结果却”,即表示与句子谓语动作的目的相反的结果。例 1: They dont have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, the cinema or the opera, o
17、nly to discover, perhaps, that the show is disappointing. 译文:他们不必花钱去戏院、电影院或歌剧院买价格很贵的票,(如果去了,)结果却可能发现,所演的节目令人失望。例 2: They hurried there only to find the meeting canceled. 译文:他们匆匆忙忙赶到那儿,结果却发现会议被取消了。5not more / -er than 与 no more / -er than结构比较:John is not better than Tom. John is no better than Tom. 前
18、一句表示“约翰不比汤姆好”,属于普通的比较结构;后一例用了no 情况就不同了。 no better than 相当于 as bad as ,含义是 两人一样坏 。这里,“ no + 形容词或副词比较级 + than”所表示的可以说是该形容词或副词的反意。例如: no richer than = as poor as 和一样 穷no bigger than = as small as 和一样 小精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思no later than = as early as
19、 和一样 早同样地:I have not taken more than six courses this semester. I have taken no more than six courses this semester. 前一句的含义是本学期选的课不多于六门;后一句的含义是只选了六门。强调“ 少”。上述结构与表示前后都否定的no more.than (= not.any more than)又有所不同:例: A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.(鲸和马同样不是鱼。)另外,在某些结构中,单独使用more than也能表示否定概念:例 1
20、:That is more than I can tell. 我简直不 能说。例 2:My trip to Beijing is more than sightseeing. 我去北京 不仅仅是 旅游观光而已。6no more.than. (= not. any more than)和样都不 (表示前后都否定) 例 1:The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain. 心脏和胃一样都无智力可言,因为它们都是由大脑控制的。例 2:There is no rea
21、son they should limit how much vitamin you take, any more than they can limit how much water you drink译文:他们没有理由限制你服用多少维他命,就像他们不能限制你喝多少水一样。例 3:More and more Afro-Americans see him as a tricky enemy who has no more love for them than he has for the Congolese译文:越来越多的美国黑人认识到他是个诡计多端的敌人。他仇视美国黑人, 正像他仇视刚果人民
22、一样。( 直译:,他不爱美国黑人,正像他不爱刚果人一样。) 注释: not.any more than是 no more.than的一种强调形式。例如:1) Jack is no more intelligent than John. (=Jack is not intelligent any more than John.) 杰克与约翰一样都不聪明。2) A man can no more fly than a bird can speak. (=A man cannot fly any more than a bird can speak.) 人不会飞翔,就像鸟不会说话一样。3) As a
23、 nation, the French are no more eager to 1earn about their wartime failings than are the Japanese. (=As a nation ,the French are not eager to learn about their wartime failings any more than are the Japanese.) 作为一个国家,法国正如日本一样不积极地从他们的战争失败中吸取教训。上述例句表明, no more.than并不表示比较,而是表示比喻,含有比喻意义的比较级用于否定时,than后面的
24、从句不用否定式,但译成汉语时要用否定式。而与上述句型意义相反的是:no less.than,意为:“和同样是”。例如:Human is no less an animal than a monkey is. 人和猴都是动物。而 no less than的意思为:“简直是,实在是”,例如:1) It is no less than blackmail to ask such a high price. 如此索要高价,简直是敲诈。2) It is no less than a scandal. 这实在是一件丑闻。7not nearly (=by no means,far from) 远不精选学习资
25、料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思例 1: The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. 译文:食品供应将远远赶不上人口的增长,这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正面临危机。注: 1) this是指上面提到的“到21 世纪初世界人口将增加到60 亿或 70 亿”。 2) 又如: There are not nearly enough people here to do the job( 这里的人手远远不够承担这项工作。) 8“ 更不用说 ”的表示法:much lessstill less以上两短语引导的词组或从句,表示一种追加的否定,less 是由 little的比较级,所以这两个词组只能用于否定句中,可译为“更不用说,更不必精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页