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1、精品资料欢迎下载时态讲解：现在完成时1）现在完成时通常表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响 。My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。I m sure we ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。She has arrived. 她到了。2）表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for, since ,yet 等。如：I havent heard from her th
2、ese days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。We havent seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。She has been with us since Monday. 3）. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作 . We have had four texts this semester. 6. have been to 和 have gone to的区别have been to 强调“ 去过” ，现已不在那里，如：He has been to
3、the USA three times. 他到美国去过三次。（过去 “ 到美国” ，现在已 “ 不在美国 ” ）have gone to主要强调的是 “ 去了” ，现在人不在说话的现场，如：-Wheres your mother? - 你妈妈在哪？-She has gone to the hospital. - 她去医院了。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 13 页精品资料欢迎下载一 结构1.肯定句：主语 +have/has+ 动词的过去分词 +其他2.否定句：主语 +have/has+not+ 动词的过去分词 +其他3.
4、一般疑问句： have/has+ 主语+动词的过去分词 +其他Yes, 主语+have/has. No , 主语+have/has+not 4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+ 主语+动词的过去分词 +其他二 常和现在完成时一起连用的时间状语注意:.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如 yesterday(morning 、afternoon),last(morning 、afternoon) 等，除非与 for, since 连用. 1.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用如 already （肯定） , yet（否定，疑问） , just, bef
5、ore, recently, still, lately，Just, already, yet, ever, never, before, twice(重复性时间 )， for+短时间， since+点时间，so far, how long 提问的疑问句中 . He has already obtained a scholarship. I havent seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet ? 2. 现在完成时常常与表示频
6、度的时间状语连用, 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 13 页精品资料欢迎下载如 ever, never, twice, several times等: Have you ever been to Beijing I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman several times. 3. 现
7、在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用, 如 up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far等: Peter has written six papers so far. Up to the present everything has been successful. 三 当现在完成时与表示短时间的时间状语连用时，谓语动词必须使用延续性动词。如果谓语动词是非延续性动词则转化为对应的延续性动词。若不是和短时间连用，则不用转化。英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两
8、者的区别。1. 持续性动词 : 表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的 study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep等。2. 瞬间性动词 : 表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的 -begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总
9、结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 13 页精品资料欢迎下载enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等3. 瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常用意思相当的持续性动词来替换He has been in the army/a soldier for three years. （他参军已有 3 年了。）不用 has joined She
10、 has been up for quite some time. （她起床已有好久了。 ）不用 has got up Has your brother been away from home for a long time? （离家已有好久了吗？）不用 has left 常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系：1、gobe away 2、comebe here 3、come back be back 4、leavebe away （be not here ）5、 buyhave 6、 borrow keep 7、diebe dead 8、beginbe on 9、finishbe over 10、o
11、penbe open 11、closebe closed 12、losebe lost 13、get to know know 14、turn on be on 15、get up be up 16、sit down sit/beseated 17、joinbe in（）或 be a member 18、become be 4. 瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用例如： I haven t seen you for a long time.（好久没见到你了。）四 区别下面三组词Have been to 表示去过某地方，不过现在已经回来Have gone to 表示去了，还未回来Ha
12、ve been in 表示一直在某个地方精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 13 页精品资料欢迎下载五现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在；而一般过去时表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。I have just been to London. I went there last month. 我刚去过伦敦，是上个月去的。1. 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事
13、情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2. 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week ，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语共同的时间状语 : this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately 现在完成时的时间状语for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now
14、, in past years, always, 六现在完成时的反义疑问句的结构主语 +have/has+动词过去分词 +其他，have/has+not+主语主语 +have/has+not+动词过去分词+其他，have/has+主语七 现在完成时考点例析一、考查其构成助动词 have (has) + 动词过去分词 构成现在完成时。如：1. Kates never seen Chinese films，_ ? A. hasnt she B. has she C. isnt she D. is she 析：陈述句部分含否定词never, 简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因Kates 是 Kate ha
15、s 的缩写，故选 B。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 13 页精品资料欢迎下载2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. (改为否定句 ) His uncle _ posted the photos to him _. 析：already 常用在肯定句中， yet 常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填hasnt, yet 。3. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So _her parents. A. has B. had C. did D. hav
16、e 析：so+助/系/情态动词 +主语结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中动词形式保持一致，又后句的主语为her parents 是复数 ,故选 D。二、考查其用法与标志词(一)当句中有 never, ever, just, already, yet, before等时，常用现在完成时。如：1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -_you_ your homework yet? A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished 2. -_ you _anywhere bef
17、ore? -Yes, but I cant remember where I_ A. Did; surf; surfed B. Have; surfed; surfed C. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed 析：据 yet 和 before 可知,应用现在完成时，故1 题选 D，2 题选 D。(二)当句中有 for +段时间 或since + 点时间 等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词 ，若是非延续性动词 ，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语)。如：1. His brother has been to St
18、one Forest twice_he came to Yunnan. A. after B. before C. since D. for 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 13 页精品资料欢迎下载析：主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时，故选C。2. Tom_the CD player for two weeks. A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had 析：A、B、C 均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表段时间 的短语连用，故选D。3. I_a
19、letter from him since he left. A. didnt receive B. havent got C. didnt have D. havent heard 析：据 since 可知，应排除 A、C，hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb.意为收到某人的来信 ，故选 B。三、考查 have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的区别 。如：1. -Have you ever_Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors?-Yes, I have
20、. A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to 析：据句中的 have，排除 A，B 项意为 去某地了 ，C 项意为 一直呆在某地 ，D 项意为去过某地 ，符合题意，故选 D。2. My parents _ Shangdong for ten years. A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been 析：本题句中有 for+段时间 结构，据此可排除 C，B 项意为 去过某地 ，不合题意，D 项缺介词，故选A。四、考查现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。如：1. Suns au
21、nt has gone there for ten years.(改成正确的句子 ) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 13 页精品资料欢迎下载析：非延续性动词与 段时间连用时，除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外，还可把动词改为一般过去时或借助句型Its +段时间 +since+ 从句进行句子转换。故答案为： Suns aunt has been there for ten years. /Suns aunt went there ten years ago. /Its ten years since Suns aunt
22、went there. 2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改为同义句 ) _more than ten years _Susan _to this city. 析：据上题分析，且 since 引导的从句要用一般过去时，故填It is, since, came 。3. I wont go to the concert because I _my ticket. A. lost B. dont lose C. have lost D. is coming 析：因我丢了票的动作发生在过去，而且对现在造成了我不能参加音乐会的
23、结果，符合现在完成时所表示的含意，故选C。现在完成时的练习（一）一、单项选择1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _whats happened to him . knew . have known . must know . will know 2、He has _ been to Shanghai, has he? . already . never . ever . still 3、Have you met Mr. Li _？. just . ago .before .a moment ago 4、The famous writer _ one
24、new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、Our country _ a lot so far .Yes. I hope it will be even _. has changed ; well . changed; good 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 13 页精品资料欢迎下载. has changed ; better . changed; better 6、Zhao Lan _already
25、_in this school for two years . . was; studying . will; study . has; studied . are; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see 9、These farmers have been to the United
26、 States Really? When _ there? . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes. I _ it a moment ago. . Did; do; finished . Have; done; finished . Have; done; have finished . will; do; finish 11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined .
27、was in D. has been in 12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have mad 113、How long have you _ here ? About two months. . been . gone . come . Arrived 14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes. . has begun . had begun . has been on . Began
28、15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . . is . has . will . Was 16、 Miss Green isnt in the office. she _ to the library. . has gone . went .will go . has been 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years. . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been 18、The students have cleaned the classro
29、om, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has
30、 left the university 二、句型转换。1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 13 页精品资料欢迎下载2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问 ) have they been here? 3、The old man _ last year. He for a year. (die) （动词填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.( 同义句转换 ) This
31、factory _ for twenty years. 5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换 ) Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago. 6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）Her mother _ the Party three years _. 7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. ( 同义句转换 ) _ two years _ the Green family moved to France.
32、 8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子) _ 三、汉译英。1. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。 （just）2. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。(never) 3. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？4. 我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。5. 他们已去了美国五年了。 (for) 现在完成时练习（二）I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form. 1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week. 2. _ he _ (
33、finish) his work today? Not yet. 3. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 4. Where s Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.5. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999. 6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here. 7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks. 8
34、. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 13 页精品资料欢迎下载10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it _ (be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you. 12. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Loo
35、k! The monkey _ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere? II. Choose the best answer. 1. How long have you _ here? A. come B. got C. arrived D. been 2. My grandpa died _. A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my
36、 age was 6. 3. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow. A. been B. gone C. went D. never been 4. It is ten years _ I last saw her. A. after B. since C. for D. that 5.-Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? -I will. I _ her several times. A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet 6. -W
37、hat a nice dress! How long _ you _ it? -Just 2 weeks. A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had 7.-Do you know Lydia very well? -Yes, She and I _ friends since we were very young. A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned 8. The Smiths _ in China for 8 years. A. has lived B.
38、 lived C. have been D. live 9. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? - Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to 10. -_ you ever _ to the US? - Yes, twice. A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going III. Rewrite the sentenc
39、es. 1. I have been to Macau before. ( 改为否定句 ) I _ _ been to Macau before. 2. He hasn t come to school because he was ill. ( 就划线部分提问 ) _ _ he come to school? 3. I bough a new bike just now. ( 用 just 改写) I _ just _ a new bike. 4. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句 ) We _ _English _three
40、years 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 13 页精品资料欢迎下载5. He has never surfed, _ _? （改成反意疑问句）6. They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问 ) _ _have they been here? 7. The old man _ last year. He has _ _for a year. (die) （动词填空）8. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换 ) Miss Gao has _ _ _
41、an hour ago. . Ask the questions 1) I have been there for two days. _ _ _ you _ _? 2) My father has lived here since 2000. _ _ _ your father _ _? 3) He left here yesterday. _ _ he _ _? 4) They bought a book two hours ago. _ _ they _ a book? . Use “never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since” to fill
42、 in the blanks. 1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2. Jack has _ finished his homework. 3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years. 4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”六、用 have / has been to / in, have gone
43、 to 及 go 的各种形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He _ his country. 2) David _ the park just now. 3) John _ England since he came back. 4) How long _ they _ this village? 5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years. 6) _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times. 7) I _ this school since three years ago. 8) Where is J
44、im? He _ the farm. 9) When_ he _? He _ an hour ago. 10) Would you like to _ to the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ there before. 11) Where _ you _ now? - I _ to the zoo. 12) He often _ swimming. 13) _ you _ there last year? 14) _ they often _ skating in winter? 七 用 never, ever, already, just, yet, for, s
45、ince 填空1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2. Jack has _ finished his homework. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 13 页精品资料欢迎下载3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years. 4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 13 页
