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1、简单句的五种句型：1.主谓（不及物动词）He runs (in the morning).2.主谓宾 We study English.3.主系表He is a student.4.主谓宾（间宾）宾（直宾）He gave me a book.5.主谓宾宾补 He asks me to answer the answer. 这种结构的谓语一定是使役动词。表示请求、吩咐、命令的动词，叫使役动词 使役动词：ask(要求、请求），tell(叫，让) want(想要)(order)命令,let, have make等ask sb to do sth 宾语+宾语补足语ask sb a question 双
2、宾语ask sb to do sth, tell sb to do sth, make sb do sth, let sb do sth.let,have make-使，让的意思。 它们接宾语补足语时一定是不加to.动词不定式有两种：1.to + do, 2.do 1.He told me to carry some water. 2.He made me carry some water.宾语补足语 宾语动词不定式除了不能做谓语，什么都可以做。 但它可以带宾语。主谓结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。如，The sun rises.主语可有修饰语-定语，如，The r
3、ed sun rises.谓语可有修饰语-状语，如，The red sun rises in the east.翻译练习： 1.你应当努力学习。 You should study hard .2.她昨天回家很晚。 She went home very late yesterday. 3.那天早上我们谈了很多。That morning we talked a great deal.4.会议将持续两个小时。 The meeting will last two hours.5.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。Great changes have taken place in my ho
4、me town in the past ten years. 6.这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。 Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day.7.1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。 The May fourth movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.8.每天八时开始上课。 Classes begin at 8 every day.9.这个盒子重五公斤。 This box weighs five kilos. This box is five kilos.10.五年前我
5、住在北京。 I lived in Beijing five yeas ago.11.爱丽丝很会游泳。 Alice swims very well.12.约翰的父亲昨晚去世了。 Johns father died last night.13.秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。Some birds fly to the south in autumn.14.我的爷爷早晨起得很早。 My grandfather gets up very early in the morning.15.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。a lot of students come to the library to borrow
6、 books every afternoon.说明： 主系表结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有（1）表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound. （2）表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand. （3）表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow.keep the room cleanremain silentHe is standing stillWe are
7、getting older and olderThe small tree is growing taller and tallerrun wildThe cake will go badThe old lady went mad after her son diedShe has been mad for 2 yearsShe went mad 2 years ago 翻译练习： 1.我的兄弟都是大学生。 My brothers are all college students.2.冬季白天短，夜晚长。In winter, the days are short and the nights
8、are long. 3.布朗夫人看起来很健康。Mrs Brown looks very healthy.4.十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.5.孩子们，请保持安静。 Children, keep quiet please.6.这本书是有关美国历史的书。 This book is about the history of the United States.7.她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。 Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.8
9、.他失业了。 he is out of work.9.树叶已经变黄了。 The leaves have turned yellow.10.这个报告听起来很有意思。The report sounds very interesting.说明： 主谓宾结构是由主语+谓语+宾语够成。其中的谓语动词须是及物的动词或及物的动词词组。宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分.翻译练习： 1.昨晚我写了一封信。 I wrote a letter last night.2.今天下午我想同你谈谈。 I want to talk with you this afternoon.3.这本书他读过多次了。 He has read
10、 this book many times.4.他们成功地完成了计划。 They have carried out the plan successfully.5.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。 You must finished read these books in two weeks.6.那位先生能流利地说三种语言。 That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently.7.我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.8.Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。 J
11、im cant get dress himself. Jim cant dress himself.9.我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.10.他不知道说什麽好。He didnt know what to say.11.他每天早晨洗冷水澡。 He takes a cold bath every morning.12.我开窗户你在意吗？Do you mind that I will open the window? Do you mind my opening the window? 说明： 主谓宾结
12、构中的谓语动词常常是动词词组,分两种情况:1.及物动词+副词，2.不及物动词+介词。1.含有away, out, forward, up 等副词的动词词组是可拆分的。如，They carried out the plan successfully.我们还可以说， They carried the plan out successfully. 但我们只能说 As the plan was practical, they carried it out successfully.动副词组都可以这样用，如，point out（指出）, carry out（执行）, put forward（提出）, w
13、ork out（做出，算出）, find out（找出）, give up（放弃）, give away（赠送，分发）,pick up（拣起）, put up（挂上）, 等。 2. 而含有介词 at, for, from, into, of, with, to 等的动介词组是不可拆分的。如，look after（照顾）, look at（瞧）, look for（寻找）, belong to（属于）, refer to（参考，提及）, think of（考虑，评价）, send for（派人去请）, care for（喜欢）,suffer from（受之苦）, deal with(对付，应付)
14、, object to（反对）, pay for（付的钱）,等。即我们只能说think of it,不能说think it of.in 在动词词组中用作副词，表示“在里面”，“往里进”，“在家”等意思。如，get in(收割),hand in（提交，交进）。用作介词，表示“在地点”， “在范围”， “在方面”。 如，persist in(坚持)，succeed in (在成功)。Off在动词词组中 用作副词，表示“关闭”，“隔离，离开”，“去掉”，等意思。如，turn off（关掉）, switch off（关掉）, ring off（挂断电话）, keep off（远离）, take off
15、(脱掉）, kick off（踢脱）, carry off（运走）, put off（推迟）, pay off（付清）,give off（放出).用作介词，表示“从下来”。如，get off（下车）, fall off（从掉下来）.On 在动词词组中用作副词，表示“开”，“走开”，“传递”，“穿戴”。 如，turn on(开),move on（走开）, pass on（传递）, put on（穿上）, have on（穿着）.用作介词，表示“在上”，“在方面”。 如，work on（从事于）, operate on（在上动手术）, agree on（同意）。表示“上车，上船，上”, 如,get on（上车，上船）,ride on（骑上）。 表示“依靠”，“以为基础”， “按照”， 如，depend on（依靠）,base on（以为基础）, feed on（以为食）, live on（以为生计）.Over在动词词组中用作副词，表示“翻转”，“翻倒”，如， turn over（打翻，翻倒）,push over（推倒）. 表示“过一遍”，“仔细”，“遍及”，如，think over（仔细考虑）,look over（仔细查看，研究）.
