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1、 现在分词做状语现在分词作状语时，分词动作与主语之间常构成主谓关系，说明谓语动作发生的原因、方式、时间、条件、结果、伴随等方面的情况。如：In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, _ the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. (2009福建)A. marking B. marked C. having marked D. being markedA small plane crashed into a hillside five miles e
2、ast of the city, _ all four people on board. (2009上海)A. killed B. killing C. kills D. to kill【重点归纳】现在分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如：Opening the window, a butterfly flew into my study. (误)Opening the window, I saw a butterfly flying into my study. (正)Note: 在用分词短语作状语时, 它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致, 如不一致则要加上它自己逻辑上的主
3、语, 这种结构称为: 独立主格结构。1. 现在分词的时态现在分词有一般式(doing)和完成式(having done)之分；现在分词的完成式表示分词动作发生在谓语动作之前。如：_C_ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. (2008福建)A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having waited D. To have waited2. 现在分词的语态现在分词一般式的被动语态(being done)表示某被动动作正在进行；现
4、在分词完成式的被动语态(having been done)表示某被动动作发生在谓语动作之前。如：_D_ many times, he finally understood it. （2009四川）A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told3. 现在分词的否定式现在分词的否定形式是由not 加现在分词构成的。如：_C_ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. (2008浙江)A. Not realized B. Not to realize C
5、. Not realizing D. Not to have realized 一.现在分词时间状语： Working in the factory, he learned a lot from the workers.(分词一般式）Having read the letter, she got very excited.（完成式）注：现在分词作时间,：如果分词所表示的动作和谓语的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生，用现在分词的一般式。如果分词动作明显在谓语之前发生，用现在分词完成式。分词的逻辑主语应是句中的主语.Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
6、（一般式）Having arrived at the factory, they immediately set to work. （完成式）注：在作时间状语的分词前，可加连词while,when，介词after, before,on.例句：Be careful when crossing the street. 穿过街道时要当心！ Dont mention this while talking to him. 跟他谈话时，别提这个！On arriving in London, he managed to get in touch with her. 一到伦敦，他就设法与她联系。=As soo
7、n as he arrived in London, .练习：1一听到教师的声音，学生们立即停止讲话。 _ 2在完成了家庭作业后，这个男孩被允许看电视剧。 _二 现在分词做条件状语 （一般置于句首）现在分词短语在句中可以作条件状语，其逻辑主语须为句中的主语，该短语相当于一个条件状语从句。例句：Working hard, youll succeed. = If you work hard, youll succeed. 如果你努力工作，你会成功的。练习：如果转向左边，你将找到通向公园的小道。_.三 现在分词在句中作原因状语 （一般置于句首）例句：Not knowing how to work o
8、ut the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help.因为不知道如何解这道物理难题，他求助老师。练习：因为与那个女孩一起生活了五年，我们都非常了解她。_.四：现在分词做方式或伴随状语例句：他轻轻地哼着小曲，走下山来。 He walked down the hill, singing softly to himself.这个人躺在路边，流着血，昏了过去！Bleeding and fainting , the man lay by the road.练习：孩子们笑着，开心地谈论着，跑出了教室。_五：.现在分词作结果状语： （
9、多用于句尾）现在分词短语在句中可以作结果状语，它的逻辑主语便是句中的主语，有时为了加强语气，就在分词前加thus。例句：他丈夫1942年就离世了，留下她和五个孩子。Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with five children. 练习：他关上灯，什么都看不见了。_六.现在分词短语在句中作让步状语分词短语在句中作让步状语时，相当于一个让步状语从句，有时分词前可以带有连接词although, whether, even if, even though。例句: 虽说承认她所说的话， 但是 我还是认为她没有尽自己最大的努力。Admiting what
10、she has said, I still think that she hasnt tried her best.练习：虽然那块石头重将近一百斤，他一个人就把它挪动了。_分词作状语练习1. _ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. (上海2001春)A. SufferedB. Suffering C. Having sufferedD. Being suffered2. Finding her car stolen, _. (上海20
11、01)A. a policeman was asked to helpB. the area was searched thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhereD. she hurried to a policeman for help3. He sent me an e-mail, _ to get further information. (上海2000)A. hopedB. hopingC. to hopeD. hope4. While building a tunnel through the mountain, _. (上海2000春)A.
12、an underground lake was discovered B. there was an underground lake discoveredC. a lake was discovered undergroundD. the workers discovered an underground lake5. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. (上海2004春)A. seizing; disappearedB. seized; disappearedC. seizing; disappearingD. seized; disappearing6. _ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. (北京2004)A. To waitB. Have waited C. Having waitedD
