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1、THE LONG-TERM VEGETABLE PRODUCTION EXPERIMENT: PLANT GROWTH AND SOIL FERTILITY COMPARISONS BETWEEN FERTILIZER AND COMPOST-AMENDED SOILSBy P.R. WarmanDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, Truro, N. S., CanadaPrinter-friendly version here加拿大 Truro, N. S Nova Scotia农业学
2、院 环境科学系ABSTRACT A study of compost versus conventionally-fertilized vegetable plots was conducted for 12 years in a sandy loam soil near Truro, Nova Scotia. The fertility treatments have been applied annually to six rotation plots planted with six to eight different vegetable crops. The composts con
3、sist of animal manure, food waste, yard waste and straw or racetrack manure bedding. This paper investigated the last year of the study (2001), which examined levels of nutrients in soil, leaf tissue, the edible portion of the plant, and crop yields. The fresh weight yields from the six plots showed
4、 that the compost treatment resulted in numerically, but not significantly, higher yields for the carrots, peppers, onions and tomatoes, and significantly higher yields for green and yellow beans. Cauliflower and Brussels sprouts yields, however, were higher in the fertilizer-amended plot. Soils wit
5、h compost had higher pH, CEC, C, N and Mehlich-3 extractable levels of P, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn and B compared with the fertilized plots. However, the increased nutrients in the compost-amended soil did not increase the nutrients in the leaf tissue or the edible portion of the plant. Of the 16 elements tes
6、ted, only P and K were higher in the fertilizer-amended plant leaf tissue, while levels of P were significantly higher in the edible portion of the plant. This study demonstrated that the long-term use of compost can produce similar yields and elemental analysis for most crops in compost-amended and
7、 conventionally-fertilized soils.This paper reports the results of the 1999 and 2000 cropping years.Crop yield response was inconsistent between the two amendments; yields of tomatoes and broccoli varied from year to year. The fertilized plots, however, produced higher bean yields and numerically hi
8、gher carrot and pepper yields, while the compost-amended plots produced higher onion yields in both years.。 There were few significant effects of treatments on plant tissue content; only Fe and B were higher in the organically-amended plant leaves in 1999. Of 19 soil parameters evaluated, the cation
9、 exchange capacity and the Mehlich-3 extractable Ca, Mn and Pb content of compost-amended soils were higher following the harvest in both study years. This six crop rotation study ended in 2001; in addition to the above parameters, emphasis is directed to soil biochemical changes which may have occu
10、rred from the continuous agronomic applications of the compost or fertilizer.IntroductionNumerous authors from various countries have examined different characteristics of vegetable crops whose soils were amended with compost and/or fertilizer. Ozores-Hampton and Obreza (2000) wrote an extensive rev
11、iew describing the use of composted waste on Florida vegetable crops. In Scotland, Purves and Mackenzie (1973) evaluated Cu, Zn and B uptake by garden vegetables from municipal compost applications in three successive years; as expected, the vegetables responded differently to the compost treatments
12、. Vogtmann et al. (1993) described the effects of composts on the yield and quality of some vegetables in Germany. Compared with chemical fertilizers, compost treatments lowered vegetable yields the first two years, but yields did not differ after the third year of fertility applications. Generally,
13、 composts positively affected food quality and storage performance while reducing nitrates and improving the nitrate to vitamin C ratio.The quality of conventionally and organically grown foods have been reviewed by Woese et al. (1997). They identified some differences in quality between products of
14、 the two fertilization systems. More recently, in their review of the literature, Brandt and Molgaard (2001) stated organic plant foods may in fact benefit human health more than corresponding conventional ones. However, most previous studies were somewhat flawed since they were short-term and did n
15、ot compare identical cultivars grown in the same soil type with similar soil and crop management practices. Also, many projects used high fertility soils or those with a history of fertilizer use or agronomically inappropriate rates of compost or fertilizer. Some studies have evaluated the differenc
16、es in yield as well as quality, while others have examined differences in nutrient composition. Past studies on peppers, cabbage, carrots, beans and broccoli, crops used in this study, have produced mixed results. Roe et al. (1997) grew peppers and cucumbers in a sandy soil supplemented with compost or fertilizers; yields were usually higher when compost was combined with fertilizer, while pepper leaf P, K, Ca and Mg increased and Cu levels decreased in plots ame
