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1、虚拟语气专题（一）概述语气是表示说话者对动词所表示的动作或状态的态度的一种动词形式。英语中有三种语气：1. 陈述语气：陈述事实。表示说话者所说的是事实。You are very careful. 2. 祈使语气：提出请求、命令等。表示说话人对听话人的命令或请求。Dont be nervous. 3. 虚拟语气：表示说话人的话仅是一种主观愿望、假想或建议。I wish I could travel through space like an astronaut.（二）虚拟语气用法虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实，或者不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语当中。
2、1. 虚拟语气用在状语从句中（1）虚拟语气用在条件状语从句中包含条件从句的句子称为条件句。条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是非真实条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，这种条件句中谓语都用陈述语气。如果是纯粹假设的情况或是发生的可能性不大的情况，则是非真实条件句，这种条件句中谓语要用虚拟语气。试比较下列各组句子的不同含义： If the working conditions are not too bad, I will accept the job. If the working conditions were not too bad, I would accept th
3、e job. He said if he failed, he would have another try. If he had failed he would have had another try.虚拟语气用在非真实条件句中有下面几种情况：表示与现在事实相反的假设：条件句主 句动词用过去式（be动词用were）would/ should/ could/ might +VIf I were you, I shouldnt do that.If we had time, we would go with you.表示与过去事实相反的假设：条件句主 句had +V（P. P.）would/
4、should/ could/ might +have +V（P. P.）If I had seen you yesterday, I would have asked you about it.表示与将来事实可能相反的假设：条件句主 句动词过去式should +Vwere to +Vwould/ should/ could/ might + VIf it should rain tomorrow, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.错综时间的虚拟条件句：有时条件从句和主句所表示
5、的动作在时间上不一致，这种虚拟条件句叫做错综时间虚拟条件句，其动词形式要根据具体情况进行调整。You would speak English well enough now if you had practiced reading and speaking it every day.If the man were alive, he might have finished his novel two years ago.虚拟条件句的其它表现形式A. 虚拟条件句含有should、were或had时，可省去连词if，并将should，were，had放在条件句句首。Had he listened
6、more carefully, he wouldnt have made so many mistakes.Were they here now, they could help us.Should it rain, the crops would be saved.B. 用介词短语表示虚拟条件句。常用介词有without, for等。Without your help, we would not be able to finish the work in time.But for the storm, we would have arrived earlier.C. 并列连词and, or,
7、 otherwise, but等连接的并列分句有时也可表达虚拟条件。Another half hour and all the doors would be locked.He fled away, or/otherwise he would have been killed.He might have succeeded, but he stopped trying.D. 在一定的上下文里，虚拟条件句中的主句或从句可以省略，但并不影响句子的虚拟意义。It would be wrong to say that.If only I could help you.I f only he had b
8、een here. （2）虚拟语气用在由as if/ as though 引导的方式状语从句中 表示“好像是这样，而实际并非如此。”从句中动词用过去式（be用were）表示从句与主句动作同时发生或在主句动作之后发生；从句中动词用过去完成式表示从句动作在主句动作之前发生。注意：主句仍用陈述语气。They are talking as if they had been friends for years.She speaks English so well as if she had studied English in England.He treats her well as if she w
9、ere his own child.（3）虚拟语气用在由so that引导的目的状语从句中，目的状语从句中常用情态动can/could, may / might, will/would, should. 注意：主句仍用陈述语气。I wrote as clearly as possible so that I might get high marks.He got up early so that he could catch the early bus.2. 虚拟语气用在主语从句当中。 在It is / was necessary（important, impossible, strange,
10、 natural）that从句，It is/ was suggest（proposed, required, decided）that从句以及It is/ was a pity（shame）从句中，that引导 的 主语从句的谓语动词用should +V，其中should可以省略。这种从句的谓语动词一般都有“应该”“竟然”之意。It is quite natural that she（should）do such a thing.It is strange that he (should) have come without being asked.It is important that w
11、e (should) master a foreign language.It is necessary that we(should)keep our room clean.It has been decided that the meeting (should) be put off.It is a pity that he (should) fail in such an exam.3. 虚拟语气和在宾语从句中（1）在动词wish后，wish后接that宾语从句表示一种假想的情况，实现的可能性不大。宾语从句中谓语动词须用虚拟语气，有三种情况： 如果假想的情况与主句主语的愿望同时发生，则从
12、句谓语动词用过去式（be用were）。 I wish I were a teacher. We wish we could fly like birds. How I wish I didnt have so much homework. 如果假想的情况在主句主语愿望之前发生，从句谓语动词用过去完成式。 He wish he had bought the dictionary last Sunday. They wished that they had seized the good chance then. 如果假想的情况在主句主语愿望之后发生，从句谓语动词用would +V。 I wish
13、 I would try again. I wish I would fly to the moon in a spaceship one day. 动词wish后的虚拟语气可以改写为if only意思是“但愿就好了。” If only you hadnt told me the news. If only I were younger.（2）在动词insist, order, command, suggest, propose, advise, demand, request, require等后面的宾语从句中，从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，即should + V其中should可以省略。这
14、时，宾语从句有“应该”、“竟然”之意。 I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting tonight. He ordered that we (should) not rest until we finish the work. At the meeting he proposed that the question (should) be discussed at once. The teacher demanded that the students (should) hand in the paper before eleven. They advi
15、sed that steps (should) be taken at once. 虚拟语气同样适用于上述宾语从句转换成的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 It is suggested that everyone (should) give a five- minute talk at the party. His suggestion is that everyone (should) give a five minute talk at the party. He made the suggestion that everyone (should) give a five minute talk at the party. 但注意当suggest作“暗示，使人联想起”解时，以及insist“坚持说”解时，后接宾语从句时从句要用陈述语气。试比较： He suggested that we should offer our help to
