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1、必修一unit1直接引语和间接引语Unit1 Friendship语法直接引语和间接引语概念引入:我们先看下面的句子:1. John said, “Im going to London with my father。”约翰说:“我要和父亲到伦敦去。” 2. She said, ”Do you often come here to read newspapers?”她说:“你经常来这儿看报吗?3. I asked him, Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?”我问他:“你今晚是待在家还是去看电影?”从上述例句看出:引号内是直接引用别人的原
2、话,这种句子为直接引语。1. John said that he was going to London with his father。 约翰说,他要和他父亲去伦敦。 2. She asked me if (whether) I often went there to read newspapers.她问我是否经常去那儿看报。3. I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.我问他那天晚上是待在家还是去看电影。从第二组的例句看出,都是别人的原话进行了转述.在转述中,人称、时态、代词、时间状语的表达都
3、有所变化。用法讲解 课文原句回放 1. “I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary, said Anne。 (Direct speech) 安妮说:“我不想在日记中记流水账。” Anne said that she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary。 (Indirect speech) 安妮说她不想在日记中记流水账。 2。 Annes sister asked her what she called her diary. (Indirect speech) 安妮
4、的姐姐问她怎么称呼她的日记。 “What do you call your diary?” Annes sister asked her。 (Direct speech) 安妮的姐姐问她:“你怎么称呼你的日记?” 引述别人的话有两种方式:一是使用引号引出别人的原话,被引用的句子叫直接引语;一是用自己的话转述别人的话,被转述的部分叫做间接引语. 直接引语和间接引语的一个重要的判断标准是有无引号,一个是引述原文,一个是转述,在转述的过程中会有一些相应的变化。请根据定义判断下面哪些是直接引语,哪些是间接引语.1. “I never eat meat,” he explained. (直接引语) 他解
5、释说:“我从来不吃肉。”2。 Kitty said she would wait another day. (间接引语) 基蒂说她会再等一天。3。 “Who is it? Wilson shouted。 (直接引语) 威尔逊喊道:“这是谁啊?” 直接引语和间接引语在形式上是不同的,他们之间相互转换的话,有哪些方面需要变换呢?总体如下: 各种句式变换 从句时态变化 人称变化- 指示代词、地点副词、少数动词和时间状语变化陈述句1。 She said, “Our train will arrive in five minutes。 他说:“我们的火车五分钟内到。” She said (that) t
6、heir train would arrive in five minutes. 他说他们的火车五分钟内到.2。 He said, “Im very hungry.” 他说:“我饿了。 He said (that) he was very hungry。 他说他饿了。1. 人称的变化(牢记:一随主,二随宾,三不更新)“一随主是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰,从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称来变化。Shesaid,“Mybrotherwantstogo shoppingwith me.” 她说:“我兄弟想跟我一起购物。”Shesaidherbrother
7、 wantedtogo shoppingwithher。 她说她兄弟想跟她一起购物。 “二随宾是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰.从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语,也可以用第一人称。I said to him, “Youve left your book in my room.” 我对他说:“你把书落在我的房间里”. I told him that he had left his book in my room。 我告诉他,他把书落在我的房间里。“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或
8、被第三人称所修饰,从句中的人称一般不需要变化。来源:Zxxk。ComMr. Smith said,“Jack is a good worker。” 史密斯先生说:“杰克是个好工人。” Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker。史密斯先生说杰克是个好工人.注意:一般情况下,连词that引导的宾语从句往往可以省略that,但当动词后面跟多个that引导的从句时,从第二个从句开始that不能省略。He said (that) he was leaving for Europe the next week and that he would stay there fo
9、r half a year. 他说他下周要到欧洲去,并在那里呆半年.(第二个that不能省略)2. 时态的变化: 直接引语在改为间接引语时,时态需要做相应的调整。来源:学科网ZXXK1) 一般现在时一般过去时态; Mother said, “Jack is a good boy。” 妈妈说:“杰克是个好孩子。 Mother said that Jack was a good boy. 妈妈说杰克是个好孩子.2) 现在进行时过去进行时; She said, “I am reading a book.” 她说:“我正在看书。” She said she was reading a book。 她说
10、她正在看书。3) 现在完成时过去完成时;“Ihaventheardfrommyparentsthesedays,”saidMary。 玛丽说:“这些日子我没有收到父母的来信.”Mary said that she hadnt heard from her parents those days。玛丽说那些日子她没有收到父母的来信.4) 一般过去时过去完成时They said, “We caught the thief in the street.”他们说:“我们在街上抓到贼了。”They said that they had caught the thief in the street.他们说他
11、们在街上抓到贼了.5)一般将来时过去将来时;Shesaid, “Iwillgotoseemyfriend。” 她说:“我将去看我朋友。”Shesaidshewouldgotoseeherfriend。 她说她将去看她的朋友。6) 过去完成时不变。She said, “I had called him before I came here. 她说:“我来这儿前给他打电话了。She said that she had called him before she went there. 她说她去那儿前给他打电话了。但要注意在以下几种情况下,在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化.1)直接引语是客观
12、真理、引用格言时。“The earth moves around the sun,” the teacher told us. 老师告诉我们:“地球绕着太阳转. The teacher told us the earth moves around the sun。 老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转.2)直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变。Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?”杰克问:“约翰,我在街上碰到你的时候你去哪儿啊? Jack asked John where he was going when h
13、e met him in the street.杰克问约翰在街上碰到他的时候他正要往哪儿去.3)直接引语如果是一般现在时,表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语,时态不变。He said, “I get up at six every morning。” 他说:“我每天早上六点起床。” He said he gets up at six every morning. 他说他每天早上六点起床。4)如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例如ought to, had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时(例如could, should, would, might),时态不
14、再变。Peter said, “You had better come here today。” 彼得说:“你最好今天来这儿。” Peter said I had better go there that day。 彼得说我最好当天去那儿。3. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化:时间状语:now then; today that day;this evening/ tonight that evening/ that night; yesterday the day before;three days ago three days before; next week the next
15、week; tomorrow the next day; the day after tomorrow in two days time; the day before yesterday two days before/earlier地点状语:here there来源:学科网指示代词:this that; these those方向性动词:come go;bring take注意:如果在当地转述,here不必改为there, come不必改为go;如果在当天转述,yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变.The lawyer said, “I will come this morning.”The lawyer said tha