(完整)2018年九年级英语总复习学案(适合各版本).doc

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1、英语中考专题总复习专题一:中考英语复习资料:名词考点集汇、讲解和训练【考点直击】1可数名词和不可数名词的用法; 2名词所有格的构成及用法;3近义名词的辨析。【名师点睛】一、名词的数 1单数和复数 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成,其主要变法如下:(1)一般情况在词尾加-s,例如:bookbooks,girlgirls,boyboys,penpens,doctordoctors, boyboys。 (2)以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词加-es,例如:busbuses,classclasses,boxboxes,watchwatches,brushbrus

2、hes。 (3)以ce, se, ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加s,例如:orangeoranges。 (4)以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如:citycities, factoryfactories, countrycountries, familyfamilies。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s,如:boyboys, daydays。(5)以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:heroheroes,potatopotatoes,tomatotomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如:zoozoos,radioradios,还有某些外来词也只

3、加-s,例如:photophotos,pianopianos。(6)以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f为v再加-es,例如:knifeknives,leafleaves, halfhalves。复数词尾s(或es)的读音方法如下表所示。复数词尾s(或es)的读音方法情况 读法 例词 在ptkf等清辅音后 s cups, hats, cakes 在szt 等音后 iz glasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces 在bdv等浊辅音后 z beds, dogs, cities, knives (7)少数名词有不规则的复数形式,例如:manmen,womanw

4、omen,toothteeth,footfeet,childchildren,mousemice。【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如:an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为 Germans;man, woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定,如:two men workers, three women teachers。有个别名词单复数一样,例如:Chinese,Japanese,sheep,people ,deer(鹿),fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时,

5、可以加复数词尾,如:fishes.(8)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。例如:ten-minutes walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk,a three-month holiday,a 15-meter-deep hole,a 1000-word article(9)还有些名词仅有复数形式,如:trousers(裤子),clothes,jeans,shoes,socks,chopsticks(筷子),glasses(眼镜),goods(货物),scissors(剪刀),compasses(圆规)。(10)只用作单数的复

6、数形式的名词有:physics, mathematics/maths,the United States, Niagara Falls,news, falls(它们只是以s结尾的单数名词)2不可数名词“量”的表示方法在英语中,不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念,可以用以下两种方法:(1)用much, a little, little,a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少,例如:The rich man has a lot of moneyThere is some milk in the bottleIs there any water in the glass?I

7、dont like winter because theres too much snow and ice(2)用“数词-量词-of” 这类定语来修饰,例如:a piece of paper,a piece of bread, a bottle (瓶)of orange juice, a glass of water(milk) a cup of tea a bag of rice, a piece of music 如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时,在容器后加复数,例如:two cups of tea,four pieces of paperthree glasses of wat

8、er二、名词的所有格 名词所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 s,其复数形式是s,例如:a students room, students room 2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 s,如:Childrens Day。3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 s,例如:a twenty minutes walk,ten miles journey(旅程),a meters length(长度),two pounds weight(重量), ten dollars worth(价值)。4. 无生命名词的所有格

9、则必须用of结构,例如:a map of China,the end of this term,the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。5. 双重所有格,例如:a friend of my fathers。【注意】如果两个名词并列,并且分别有 s,则表示“分别有”,例如:Johns and Marys rooms(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间);Toms and Marys bikes(两人各自的自行车)。两个名词并列,只有一个s,则表示“共有”,例如:John and Marys room(约翰和玛丽共有一间);Tom and

10、Marys mother(即Tom与Mary是兄妹)。【中考演练】一. 单项填空1. These _ have saved many childrens lives. A. woman doctorsB. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor2. This is _ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. A. Anne and Jane B. Annes and Janes C. Annes and Jane D. Anne and Janes3.-Are there any _ on t

11、he farm? -Yes, there are some. A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep4.-What would you like to drink, _ or orange juice? -Orange juice, please. A. hamburger B. chip C. tea5- Where have you been, Tim? - Ive been to _.A. the Henry house B. the Henry family C. The Henrys home D. Henrys6In England, if _ i

12、s in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper. A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner8You looked for it twice, but you havent found it. Why not try _ . A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once9- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ? -Certainly.A. some bottl

13、es of waters B. some bottles of water C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters10Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday.A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear11There is some _ on the plate.A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears12In England, the last name is the _ .A. family name B. middle C.

14、given name D. full name13The are going to fly _ to Beijing.A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans14The_ has two _ . A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch15The little baby has two _ already.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths16Whats your _ for being late again?A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news17- Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly. - But I think w

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