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1、2022年考博英语-北京科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The disagreement over trade restrictions could seriously（ ） relations between the two countries.问题1选项A.tumbleB.jeopardizeC.manipulateD.intimidate【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A项tumble“摔倒，倒塌”，B项jeopardize“危害，使陷危地”，C项manipulate“操作，操纵”，D项intimidate“恐吓，威胁”。根据句子关键词disagreement
2、 over trade restrictions（关于贸易限制的分歧）和relations（关系）可猜测，空格部分表示“贸易分歧恶化了关系”，因此四个选项中只有jeopardize符合。句意：贸易限制问题上的分歧可能严重危及两国关系。因此，该题选择B项正确。2. 单选题A Frenchman who has an unusually sensitive nose can（ ）hundreds of different smells.问题1选项A.nominateB.dominateC.eliminateD.discriminate【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A项nominate“推荐，提名
3、”，B项dominate“控制，支配”，C项eliminate“消除，排除”，D项discriminate“歧视，区别”。根据关键词sensitive nose（敏感的鼻子）和different smells（不同的气味）可知，只有D项符合。句意：一个法国人拥有异常灵敏的鼻子，可以辨别数百种不同的气味。因此，该题选择D项正确。3. 单选题Oil companies in the U.S. are already beginning to feel the pressure as a result of which refinery workers and petroleum-equipment
4、-manufacturing employees are being（ ）.问题1选项A.laid outB.laid offC.laid downD.laid aside【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A项lay out“展示，安排”，B项lay off“解雇，休息”，C项lay down“放下，制定”，D项lay aside“搁置，储蓄”。根据句子关键词workers（工人）和employees（雇员）可猜测，空格部分表示“解雇”，因此四个选项中只有B项符合。句意：美国的石油公司已经开始感受到压力，因为炼油工人和石油设备制造员工正在被裁员。因此，该题选择B项正确。4. 单选题As（ ）Ch
5、ina and other emerging export powers, efforts to strengthen anti-corruption activities are gaining momentum.问题1选项A.in the light ofB.in the event ofC.in the case ofD.in the course of【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A项in the light of“根据，鉴于”，B项in the event of“万一，如果”，C项in the case of“在情况下，在方面”，D项in the course of“在过程中”；根
6、据句子语意“就中国和其他新兴出口大国，加强反腐败活动的努力正在获得势头”可知，C项符合语境。句意：就中国和其他新兴出口大国方面来说，加强反腐败活动的努力正在获得势头。因此，该题选择C项正确。5. 单选题These ancient ruins are the only memory left of a mighty king.问题1选项A.greedyB.powerfulC.sternD.hasty【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。mighty表示“有力的，强有力的”；A项greedy“贪婪的，渴望的”，B项powerful“有力的”，C项stern“严厉的，坚定的”，D项hasty“轻率的，匆
7、忙的”。句意：这些古老的废墟是一个强大的国王仅存的记忆。根据句意可知，该题选择B项正确。6. 单选题Strangely enough, an old man（ ）me and introduced himself, who turned out to be a friend of my fathers.问题1选项A.stood up toB.walked up toC.lived up toD.added up to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A项stand up to“经得起，抵抗”，B项walk up to“走近，走向”，C项live up to“不辜负，做到”，D项add up to
8、“合计达，总共达”；根据空格前后关键词an old man（老人）和introduce himself（介绍他自己）可推断，空格部分表示“向我走进”。句意：奇怪的是，一个老人走到我面前并做了自我介绍，原来是我父亲的朋友。因此，该题选择B项正确。7. 单选题If a person talks about his weak points, his listener is expected to say something in the way of（ ）.问题1选项A.persuasionB.remedyC.encouragementD.compromise【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A项pe
9、rsuasion“说服”，B项remedy“补救，解决办法”，C项encouragement“鼓励”，D项compromise“妥协，和解”。根据句子意思“如果一个人谈论他的缺点，他的听众可能会用（ ）的方式说些什么”，句子中有一个关键词weak points（弱点），可以推断有弱点的人希望听到别人的鼓励。句意：如果一个人谈论他的缺点，他的听众应该说一些鼓励的话。因此，该题选择C项正确。8. 单选题Wheat yield in Europe is highly sensitive to natural variability in temperature and rainfall. In th
10、ese simulations, climate change alone by 2050 results in significant increases in yield under both scenarios only in three northern European countries. But adding estimated effects of higher CO2 concentrations on plant growth increases that yields considerably, with yield increases now being signifi
11、cant in all of the ten countries included in the study. Whether such increases due to higher CO2 concentration would actually be realized is uncertain, because of problems in extrapolating from idealized laboratory and modeling results to field conditions.The clear message of this work is that great
12、er efforts are needed to take account of the “noise” of natural climate variability when considering the “signal” of climate change. In particular, care must be taken in interpreting the results of impact assessments, especially those which use climate simulations over short periods only.Much more r
13、emains to be done. For example, the use of simulated monthly climate data by Hulme et al, even when interpolated to daily data by statistical methods, leaves open the possibility of systematic changes in day-to-day variability and extremes due to climate change. These could well dominate the effects
14、 of climate change on both river flow and wheat yield. Taking them into account will require the analysis of daily output from the climate models, especially at fine spatial resolution.More importantly, in understanding the message from Hulme et al, we need to distinguish between confidence levels u
15、sed for the detectability of simulated or real impacts due to climate change, and those needed to decide if the information about possible future impacts is useful for decision-makers. Detectability, used as evidence of climate change, arguably requires a high level of confidence, say, at the 95% or 99% level. On the other hand, if we take it as a given that climate change is occurring, and we are seeking useful advice as to what the consequences might be, a lower level of confidence may suffic
