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1、2022年考博英语-吉林大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The（ ） prevents the people in the two neighboring nations from living in peace.问题1选项A.brevityB.amenityC.enmityD.fidelity【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。brevity “简洁”；amenity “舒适，愉悦”；enmity “敌意，憎恨”；fidelity “忠诚”。题干中提到有一种东西会阻止两邻国友好相处，这种东西很明显是enmity，选项C符合题意。2. 单选题The recent new
2、s of the successful cloning of an adult sheep in which the sheeps DNA was inserted into an unfertilized sheep egg to produce a lamb with identical DNA has generated an outpouring of ethical concerns. These concerns are not about Dolly, the now famous sheep, nor even about the considerable impact clo
3、ning may have on the animal breeding industry, but rather about the possibility of cloning humans. For the most part, however, the ethical concerns being raised are exaggerated and misplaced, because they are based on erroneous views about what genes are and what they can do. The danger, therefore,
4、lies not in the power of the technology, but in the misunderstanding of its significance.Producing a clone of a human being would not amount to creating a “ carbon copy ” an automaton of the sort familiar from science fiction. It would be more like producing a delayed identical twin. And just as ide
5、ntical twins are two separate people biologically, psychologically, morally and legally, though not genetically so to embrace a belief in genetic determinism the view that genes determine everything about us, and that environmental factors or the random events in human development are utterly insign
6、ificant. The overwhelming consensus among geneticists is that genetic determinism is false.As geneticists have come to understand the ways in which genes operate, they have also become aware of the myriad ways in which the environment affects their “expression”. The genetic contribution to the simpl
7、est physical traits, such as height and hair color, is significantly mediated by environmental factors. And the genetic contribution to the traits we value most deeply, from intelligence to compassion, is conceded by even the most enthusiastic genetic researchers to be limited and indirect. Indeed,
8、we need only appeal to our ordinary experience with identical twinsthat they are different people despite their similaritiesto appreciate that genetic determinism is false.Furthermore, because of the extra steps involved, cloning will probably always be riskierthat is, less likely to result in a liv
9、e birth that in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer. For example, it took more than 275 attempts before the researchers were able to obtain a successful sheep clone. While cloning methods may improve, we should note that even standard IVF techniques typically have success rate of less than
10、 20 percent. So why would anyone go to the trouble of cloning?1.What process resulted in the successful cloning of an adult sheep?2.According to the essay, in what respect the relationship between a cloned human being and its counterpart is similar to the relationship of twins?3.What does the concep
11、t of genetic determinism state?4.What are examples of genetic contribution?5.According to the passage, where does the danger of cloning lie in?问题1选项A.In vitro fertilization.B.Embryo transfer.C.The insertion of a mature sheeps DNA into an unfertilized egg.D.The adoption of physical and genetic charac
12、teristics.问题2选项A.Both a cloned human being and a part of twins have the same conceptions of morality.B.The environment one is born into affects their conceptions of reality.C.The connection is strictly genetic.D.The similarities are biological, legal, moral and psychological.问题3选项A.That each individ
13、uals DNA determines their capabilities in life regardless of environmental morality.B.Environmental factors greatly influence persons actions and beliefs.C.Both genes and environments determine human traits.D.Identical twins have the capacity to be completely independent beings and have individual i
14、deas.问题4选项A.Hair and eye color.B.A childs attitude towards their parents.C.A persons values.D.Fashion style.问题5选项A.The power of technology.B.Ethical and moral issues.C.The mistaken understanding of its significance.D.The exact replication of dangerous people.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.文章第一段第
15、一句话提到 in which the sheeps DNA was inserted into an unfertilized sheep egg to produce a lamb with identical DNA, 所以选项C符合题意。2.文章第二段提到克隆人的产生就像一对完全相同的双胞胎。接着指出双胞胎是两个人，除了基因相似外，生理、心理、道德和法律上都是相对独立的，所以选项A、C、D可以排除，选项B符合题意。3.文章第二段the view that genes determine everything about us, and that environmental factors or the random events in human development are utterly insignificant, 所以选项A符合题意。4.文章第三段the genetic contribution to the simplest physical traits,such as height and hair color “基因只会对非常简单的特点有所影响，比如身高和头发颜色”，所以选项A符合题意。5.文章第一段最后一句话The danger, therefore, lies not in the
