《2022年考博英语-中央美术学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第160期》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-中央美术学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第160期（24页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、2022年考博英语-中央美术学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题I was impressed（ ）the efficiency of the work done in the company.问题1选项A.inB.aboutC.withD.for【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。be impressed with sth“对印象深刻”。句意：该公司的工作效率给我留下了深刻的印象。C项符合题意。2. 单选题Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to old cash,
2、affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Some other researchers who study various aspects of mental life, maintain those rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on app
3、roval and gifts from others.The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks in grade-school children suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal Personal
4、ity and Social Psychology.“If they know theyre working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Esenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too
5、much anticipation for rewards.”A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Esenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards
6、 and restore falling grades.In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economics, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.1.Psychologists are divided
7、with regard to their attitudes toward（ ）.2.What is the view held by many educators concerning external rewards for students?3.According to the result of the study mentioned in the passage, what should educators do to stimulate motivation and creativity?4.It can be inferred from the passage that majo
8、r universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe（ ）.5.Which of the following facts about “token economics” is NOT correct?问题1选项A.the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewardsB.the appropriate amount of external rewardsC.the study of relationship bet
9、ween actionsD.the effects of external rewards on students performance问题2选项A.They approve of external rewardsB.They dont think external rewardsC.They have doubts about external rewardsD.They believe external rewards can motivate small children, but not college students问题3选项A.Give rewards for performa
10、nces which deserve themB.Always promise rewardsC.Assign tasks which are not very challengingD.Be more tolerant to students when mistakes are made问题4选项A.rewarding poor performance may kill students creativityB.punishment is more effective than rewardingC.failing uninspired students helps improve thei
11、r overall academic standardsD.discouraging the students anticipation for easy rewards is matter of urgency问题5选项A.Students are assigned challenging tasksB.Rewards are given for good performancesC.Students are evaluated according to the effort they put into the taskD.With token economics, students，cre
12、ativity can be enhanced【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。由第一段“Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Some other researchers who study various aspects of mental life, maintain those rewards often destroy crea
13、tivity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others. 研究行为和行为之间关系的行为主义者认为，奖励可以提高工作和学习表现。其他一些研究精神生活各个方面的研究人员认为，这些奖励会鼓励人们依赖他人的认可和礼物，从而破坏创造力。”可知研究者对于奖励是否能提高工作和学习表现持相反意见。故D项正确。2.细节事实题。由第二段“The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. 后一种观点得到了许多人的支持，尤其是教育工作者。”后一种观
14、点即第一段提到的反对观点。故B项正确。3.推理判断题。由第三段“If they know theyre working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Esenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating
15、 too much anticipation for rewards.” 如果他们知道自己是为了奖励而工作，并且能够专注于一项相对具有挑战性的任务，他们就会表现出最大的创造力，”特拉华大学纽瓦克分校的Robert Esenberger说。但如果对表现不佳的学生进行奖励，或者让学生对奖励有太多的预期，就很容易扼杀创造力。可知C项正确。4.细节事实题。由倒数第二段“A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Esenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore falling grades. Esenberger认为，如果一个老师不断地把注意力放在奖励上，或者对一般的成绩给予高分，那么他最终只能培养出缺乏灵感的学生。作为后一种观点的例证，他指出，主要大学正在努力加强评分标准，恢复下降的成绩。”可知A项正
