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1、阅读理解（5）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。(The Importance of Independent Thinking)No one can be a great thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is her first duty to follow her intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead. Truth gains more even by the errors of one who with due study and p
2、reparation, thinks for himself, than by the true opinions of those who only hold them because they do not suffer themselves to think. No that it is solely, of chiefly, to form great thinkers that freedom of thinking is required. One the contrary, it is as much or even more indispensable to enable av
3、erage human beings to attain the mental stature which they are capable of. There have been and many again be great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of mental slavery. But there never has been, nor ever will be, in that atmosphere an intellectually active people. Where any of heterodox spe
4、culation was for a time suspended, where there is a tacit convention that principles are not to be disputed: where the discussion of the greatest questions which can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some pe
5、riods of history so remarkable. Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiasm was the mind of a people stirred up fro9m its foundation and the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of
6、 thinking beings.She who knows only her own side of the case knows little of that. Her reasons may be food, and no one may have been able to refute them. But if she s equally unable to refute the reasons of the opposite side; if she does not so much as know what they are, she has no ground for prefe
7、rring either opinion. The rational position for her would be suspension of judgment, and unless she contents herself with that, she is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the world the side to which she feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that she should heat the argu
8、ments of adversaries from her own teachers, presented as they state them, and accompanied by what they offer as refutations, That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with her own mind. She must be able to hear them form persons who actually believe them; wh
9、o defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them. She must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form; she must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else she will never really possess herself of the portion o
10、f truth which meets and removes that difficulty. Ninety-nine in a hundred of what are called educated persons are in this condition; even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions. Their conclusion may be true, but it might be false for anything they know; they have never thrown themselves
11、into the mental position of those who think differently form them and considered what such persons may have to say; and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they themselves profess. 1.The best title for this passage is A The Age of Reason The need for I
12、ndependent ThinkingC The Value of Reason D Stirring Peoples Minds2.According to the author, it is always advisable to A have opinions which cannot be refuted.adopt the point of view to which one feels the most inclination.C be acquainted with the arguments favoring the point of view with which one d
13、isagrees,D suspend heterodox speculation in favor of doctrinaire approaches.3.According to the author, in a great period such as the Renaissance we may expect to findA acceptance of truth controversy over principles C inordinate enthusiasm D a dread of heterodox speculation 4.According to the author
14、, the person who holds orthodox beliefs without examination may be described in all of the following ways EXCEPT asA enslaved by tradition less than fully rationalC determinded on controversy D having a closed mind5.It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree wi
15、th which of the following statementsA A truly great thinker makes no mistakes.Periods of intellectual achievement are periods of unorthodox reflection,C The refutation of accepted ideas can best be provided by ones own teachers.D excessive controversy prevents clear thinking,Vocabulary1. stature 高度，境界，状况2. heterodox 不合乎公认的标准的，异端的，异教的3. tacit 心照不宣4. refute 反驳5. adversary 对立面，对手，敌人6. plausible 善于花言巧语的/辞令的，似乎有理的/有可能的7. doctrine 教义，学说8. profess 表示，明言，承认，自称，信奉难句译注1. True gains more even by the
