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1、2022年考博英语-沈阳药科大学考前提分综合测验卷(附带答案及详解)1. 单选题The American Civil War is believed to have stemmed from differences over slavery.问题1选项A.arisen fromB.contributed toC.patched upD.participated in【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. arisen from 由引起,起因于 B. contributed to 导致C. patched up 平息(争吵);修补(关系) D. participated in 参与【考查点】词组辨析
2、【解题思路】划线词前文是“美国内战(The American Civil War)”,后文是“关于奴隶制的分歧(differences over slavery)”。根据历史常识可知,美国内战是由南北政府关于奴隶制的分歧造成的,原文使用的是主动语态,因此,A选项“由引起,起因于”符合前后逻辑。原文stemmed from“起源于”。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合原文逻辑。【句意】美国内战被认为源于对奴隶制的分歧。2. 单选题This nation has become the fastest-growing grain import market, which is driven both
3、 by rapid population growth and by rising affluence.问题1选项A.frictionB.bankruptcyC.povertyD.riches【答案】D【解析】考查上下文语义。A选项friction“摩擦”;B选项bankruptcy“破产”;C选项poverty“贫困”;D选项riches“财富”。句意:这个国家已经成为增长最快的粮食进口市场,这是由人口快速增长和日益增长的_所驱动的。根据句意,粮食进口增加,说明花了更多的钱进口粮食,其原因是人口增加以及财富增加,只有D选项符合语境,原文affluence“富裕”。因此,本题最佳选项为D。3.
4、 单选题Our culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gesture we are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to ones side, or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries,
5、curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell.Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that “Gift” means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as frien
6、dly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arms length away from others. Latin and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable.Our linguistic and culture blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and
7、 languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world.Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual waiters
8、, bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them.When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. The attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by th
9、ose nativesusually the richerwho speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nations diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters.For many years, America and Americans could get by with cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance. After all, America was the most powerful country of the fre
10、e world, the distributor of needed funds and goods.But all that is past. American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more sig
11、nificant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always be the upper hand.1. It can be inferred that Americans being approached too closely by Middle Easterners would most probably _.2. The author gives many examples to cri
12、ticize Americans for their _.3. In countries other than their own most Americans _.4. American people ignore cultural differences in differences in their countries because _.5. According to the author Americans cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance will _.问题1选项A.stand stillB.step forwardC.jump
13、 asideD.draw back问题2选项A.cultural self-centerednessB.indifference towards foreign visitorsC.casual mannersD.arrogance towards other cultures问题3选项A.are isolated by the local peopleB.are not well informed due to the language barrierC.tend to get along well with the natives.D.need interpreters in hotels
14、 and restaurants.问题4选项A.they can afford it with powerful economy and great wealthB.they are aggressive by nature and proud of their own cultureC.people in other countries respect the American cultureD.people in other cultures are particularly tolerant问题5选项A.affect their image in the new eraB.cut the
15、mselves off from the outside worldC.limit their role in world affairsD.weaken the position of the US dollar【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1. 【选项释义】It can be inferred that Americans being approached too closely by Middle Easterners would most probably _. 由此可以推断,如果中东人太靠近美国人,美国人很可能会_。A. stand still A. 站着不动B. step forward B. 前进C. jump aside C. 跳到一边D. draw back D. 后退【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词Americans和Middle Easterners定位到原文第2段。本段最后两句提到美国人“喜欢与他人保持至少3英尺或一臂的距离(at least 3 feet or an arm