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1、2022年考博英语-湘潭大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Because many of the minerals found on the ocean floor are still（ ）on land, where mining is relatively inexpensive, mining the ocean floor has yet to become a（ ）enterprise.问题1选项A.scarce; commonB.accessible; marginalC.unidentified; subsidizedD.plentiful; profit
2、able【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析。先看第一个空白处的选项，scarce “缺乏的，罕见的”；accessible “可到达的，可接近的，易懂的”， 这个词的用法比较灵活；unidentified “不能辨认的，无法识别的”；plentiful “大量的， 充足的”，根据题目前面部分中的关键词still和整个句意由于海底发现的许多矿物在陆地上仍然大量存在，且陆地上开采又相对廉价，因此，对海底开采还有待于变成一种有利可图的事业推断出第一个空可以填plentiful或者accessible。再看填入第二个空白处的选项，common “普通的，常见的”；marginal “边缘的，末端的”；sub
3、sidized “补贴的，补助的”；profitable “有利的，赢利的”，根据题目后部分形容陆地上开采的relatively inexpensive和关键词yet 可以推断出第二个空应该填profitable,故答案选项为D。2. 单选题It has been known for many decades that the appearance of sunspots is roughly periodic, with an average cycle of eleven years. Moreover, the incidence of solar flares and the flux
4、 of solar cosmic rays, ultraviolet radiation, and X-radiation all vary directly with the sunspot cycle. But after more than a century of investigation, the relation of these and other phenomena, known collectively as the solar-activity cycle, to terrestrial weather and climate remains unclear. For e
5、xample, the sunspot cycle and the allied magnetic-polarity cycle have been linked to periodicities discerned in records of such variables as rainfall, temperature, and winds. Invariably, however, the relation is weak, and commonly of dubious statistical significance.Effects of solar variability over
6、 longer terms have also been sought. The absence of recorded sunspot activity in the notes kept by European observers in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries has led some scholars to postulate a brief cessation of sunspot activity at that time (a period called the Maunder minimum). Th
7、e Maunder minimum has been linked to a span of unusual cold in Europe extending from the sixteenth to the early nineteenth Centuries. The reality of the Maunder minimum has yet to be established, however especially since the records that Chinese naked-eye observers of solar activity made at that tim
8、e appear to contradict it. Scientists have also sought evidence of long-term solar periodicities by examining indirect climatological data, such as fossil records of the thickness of ancient tree rings. These studies, however, failed to link unequivocally terrestrial climate and the solar-activity c
9、ycle or even to confirm the cycles past existence.If consistant and reliable geological or archaeological and climatological evidence tracing the solar-activity cycle in the distant past could be found, it might also resolve an important issue in solar physics: how to model solar activity. Currently
10、, there are two models of solar activity. The first supposes that the Suns internal motions (caused by rotation and convection) interact with its large-scale magnetic field to produce a dynamo, a device in which mechanical energy is converted into the energy of a magnetic field. In short, the Suns l
11、arge-scale magnetic field is taken to be self-sustaining, so that the solar-activity cycle it drives from would be maintained with little overall change for perhaps billions of years. The alternative explanation supposes that the Suns large-scale magnetic field is a remnant of the field the Sun acqu
12、ired when it formed, and is not sustained against decay. In this model, the solar mechanism dependent on the Suns magnetic field runs down more quickly. Thus, the characteristics of the solar-activity cycle would be expected to change over a long period of time. Modem solar observations span too sho
13、rt a time to reveal whether present cyclical solar-activity is a long-lived feature of the Sun, or merely a transient phenomenon.1.The author focuses primarily on（ ）.2.Which of the following statements about the two models of solar activity is accurate?3.According to the passage, late seventeenth- a
14、nd early eighteenth-century Chinese records are important for which of the following reasons?4.It can be inferred from the passage that the argument in favor of the first model would be strengthened if which of the following were found to be true?问题1选项A.presenting two competing scientific theories c
15、oncerning solar activity and evaluating geological evidence often cited to support themB.giving a brief overview of some recent scientific developments in solar physics and assessing their impact on future climatological researchC.discussing the difficulties involved in linking terrestrial phenomena
16、 with solar activity and indicating how resolving that issue could have an impact on our understanding of solar physicsD.outline the specific reasons why a problem in solar physics has not yet been solved and faulting the overly theoretical approach of modern physicists问题2选项A.In both models cyclical solar activity is regarded as a long-lived feature of the Sun, persisting with little chang
