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1、 新概念第一册 知识点总结（全）名词名词包括可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词有单复数变化。不可数名词没有。可数名词单数变复数规则：1)单数名词加s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers.2)以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es: glasses, boxes, brushes, matches.3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es: cities, babies, enemies.4)以f或fe结尾的名词，多数变f为v加es: wives, knives.但有些词只加s: roofs, proof s, chiefs.5)以o结尾
2、的名词，有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.其它加s: radios, zoos, pianos, photos.6)不规则名词：footfeet, goosegeese, toothteeth, childchildren, manmen, womanwomen, sheepsheep, deerdeer, mousemice. 代词第 一 人 称第 二 人称第 三 人 称单数复数单数复数 单 数复数人称代词主 格 I we you you heshe it they宾 格 me us you youhimher itthem物主代词形容词性
3、 my ouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirsI. 人称代词:人称代词又分为主格和宾格形式.主格通常做主语。宾格通常做动词或介词的宾语. Eg: a. Im a nurse.b. Could you help me ? II. 物主代词又分为形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词.形容词性的物主代词:相当于形容词,后面要跟名词,指定名词的所属对象. 名词性的物主代词:相当于一个名词,必须单独使用，后面不能再跟名词.Eg: a. Your school is small, mine is big.(=my sch
4、ool)b. This is not your pen. Yours is on the desk.(=your pen)时态一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays基本结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提
5、问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。My father is a doctor.Tom isnt at home.Are they policemen?I often get up at 7 oclock every morning.He doesnt like apples.Do you always read before going to bed?What do you usually do on Sundays?一般现在时句中，如果主语是第三人称时，动词要变第三人称单数，变化规则如下： 1)一般情况下，动词后面直接加-s.例如： worksgetssaysrea
6、ds 2)以s，x，ch，sh或o结尾的动词，在后面加-es。例如： goesteacheswashes 3)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把y变为i再加-es.例如： studiestriescarries 特殊情况：动词have的第三人称单数是has。例如： Hehasaninterestingbook.二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the
7、age of 5, the other day, long long ago, once upon a time, .基本结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。I was at my mothers last week.Once upon a time, there was a beautiful girl whose name was Snow White.Lucy went to America five months ago.I di
8、dnt go to the cinema last night.Did Lily dance at the party?What did you do yesterday?动词的过去式变化：be动词：am/is-was are-were规则动词：1. 直接在词尾加-ed。如: wantwanted, workworked, needneeded, cleancleaned2. 以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d。如：likeliked, livelived, useused, movemoved3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stops
9、topped, triptripped4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先把y变成i，再加-ed。如：studystudied, carrycarried, hurryhurried, marrymarried不规则动词：Have-had eat-ate drink-drank go-went come-came see-saw hear-heard put-put cut-cut 等等三、现在进行时：概念：表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语：now, at this time, these days, 基本结构：am/is/are+doing否定形式：am/is/are+not
10、+doing.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。They are playing basketball on the playground.I am not reading anything.Is he waiting for the bus?What are you doing now?动词ing形式的变化规则：1 一般情况下，直接在动词后加ing work - working sleep - sleeping study - studying2 动词以不发音的e结尾，要去e加ing take - taking make - making dance - dancing 3 重读闭音节的动词，
11、要双写词尾字母，再加ing cut - cutting put - putting begin - beginning 4 以ie结尾的动词，把变成y再加ing lie - lying tie - tying die - dying四、过去进行时：概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构：was/were+doing否定形式：was/were + not + doing.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。I was listen
12、ing to the radio at 7 this morning.He was cleaning the car when I arrived.What was he doing at this time yesterday?五、现在完成时：概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语：already, just,yet, since, for,.基本结构：have/has + done否定形式：have/has + not +done.一般疑问句：have或has。He has lost his wallet.I have al
13、ready had my lunch.David hasnt finished his homework yet.Have you seen this film?Mary has been a translator for 20 years.They have lived here since 1987.How long have you lived here?动词过去分词变化规则：规则动词：规则动词的过去分词变化规则与过去式变化规则相同，包括4条。1. 直接在词尾加-ed。如: wantwanted, workworked, needneeded, cleancleaned2. 以不发音的e
14、结尾的在词尾加-d。如：likeliked, livelived, useused, movemoved3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stopstopped, triptripped4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先把y变成i，再加-ed。如：studystudied, carrycarried, hurryhurried, marrymarried不规则动词：需要特殊记忆。Be动词-been have-had go-gone come-come eat-eaten drink-drunk 等等六、过去完成时：概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。时间状语：before, after.基本结构：had + done.否定形式：had + not + done.一般疑问句：had放于句首。The bus had already left before I arrived at the station.He went to the park after he had f
