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1、主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语53w考点精讲精练练习1在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.2. We often speak English in class.3. One-third of the students in this class are girls.4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5. Smoking does harm to the health.6. The
2、rich should help the poor.7. When we are going to have English test has not been decided.8. It is necessary to master a foreign language.9. That he isnt at home is not true.10. There comes the bus.11. Beyond the village lies a small village.12. Now comes your turn.考点1.表语表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态， 它一般位
3、于系动词（如 be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、 数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。练习2.画出下列句中的表语，并说明由什么充当。1. Our teacher of English is an American.2. Is it yours?3. The weather has turned cold.4. The speech is exciting.5. Three times seven is twenty-one.6. His job is to teach English.7.
4、 His hobby (爱好)is playing football.8. The machine must be under repairs.9. The truth is that he has never been abroad.考点2.宾语宾语由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承受者，般位于及物动词和介词后面。宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语练习3.画出下列句中的宾语，并说明由什么充当。1. They planted many trees yesterday.2. (How many dictionaries do you have?) I have five.3. They helped
5、the old with their housework yesterday.4. I wanted to buy a car.5. I enjoy listening to popular music.6. I think (that ) he is fit for his office.考点3.宾语补足语宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。换句话 说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。练习4用下划线画出下列句中的宾语补足语,并指出是什么 词充当，同时体会宾补和宾语之
6、间的逻辑关系。1. His father named him Dongming.2. They painted their boat white.3. Let the fresh air in.4. You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.5. We saw her entering the room.6. We found everything in the lab in good order.7. We will soon make our city what your city is now.8. I want your homewor
7、k done on time.考点4.主补对主语的补充。含有宾语补足语的句子在变成被动语 态，宾语作主语时，原来的宾补就成了主语补足语。He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.考点5.定语定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或 句子，汉语中常用的表示。定语通常位于被修饰 的成分前。在英语中，许多情况下，定语是放在所修饰词后面的， 这点与汉语习惯不同，也是许多同学不能读懂长句的主要 原因。定语后置常见的有以下几种情
8、况：A. 副词用作定语一般要后置。People there are very friendly.（那儿的人们）He didnt like the man downstairs.（楼下的那个人）B. 形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前，而形容词短语 作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。The next man is a scientist.The man. next to. me is a scientist. （我旁边的那个人）C. 介词短语作定语时要后置。The boy under, the tree is Tom.（树下的那个男孩）The tallest b
9、oy in -our class is John.（我们班最高的那个男 孩）D. 现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式作定语常后 置。I have something to say.（直译：我有要说的话）The boy crying over- there is my classmate.（在那边哭的那个男孩）The house- built last year is impressive.（去年建的那座房子）练习5. 口头翻译下列句子，用下划线标出定语部分，留意 定语的位置，并说明定语是由什么词性或结构充当。1. The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.2
10、. The woman with a baby in her arms is his mother.3. We need a place twice larger than this one.4. She carried a basket full of eggs.5. Its a book worth no more than one dollar.6. Its a city far from the coast.7. He has money enough to buy a car.8. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.9. There are
11、 lots of places of interest needing repairing in our city.10. Tigers belonging to meat-eating animals feed on meat.11. A boy calling himself John wanted to see you.12. He picked up a wallet lying on the ground on the way back home.13. There are many clothes to be washed.14. Most of the singers invit
12、ed to the party were from America.15. Then the great day came when he was to march past the palace in the team.考点6.状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状 态特征的句子成分，叫作状语。He writes carefully. He walks slowly.（认真地写，慢慢地走，修饰动词用副词，作状语）This material is environmentally friendly.（修饰形容词用副词，作状语）He runs very slowly.（修饰副词slow
13、ly,因此very是副词，作状语）Unfortunately, he lost all of his money.（修饰整个句子用副词，作状语）A. 几个并列状语的先后丿I顺序：方式-地点-时间一个句中有几个并列状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式_地点_时间。如：I found a lost pen outside ourschool yesterday morning.He was walking slowlyoutside- .the- parkaU thatmoment.B. 英语中时间状语、地点状语的排列一般是从小到大 先写时间，再写上/下午，再写星期几，再写几月几号。最 后写几几年
14、。I invited him to watch a movie 吐5皿on-Thursday, August 28th,-2015.I was born at-6- a.m.yMaxch 16/000.He lives at-1120 Green-Street,-Londo .C. 频度副词 often, always, usually, sometimes, never等在句中 要放在情态动词、系动词、助动词之后，实义动词之前。You can never tell what he will do.He is often late.He is always helping others.He
15、often came late.D. 状语按意义分类在句子成分中，主语、谓语、宾语、定语、表语、补 语都比较好辨认，如果这几个成分都不是，那很可能就是 状语了。因此，状语的种类很多，可以表示时间、地点、 原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步等。练习6.指出下列画线部分属于什么状语。1. How about meeting again at-six?2. Mr. Smith lives on the -third floor.3. Last night she didnt go to the dance party because ofthe rain.4. She put the eggs into the basket with great-care.5. She came in with -a -dictionary- in-herhand.6. In order -to- catch-up-with-theothers, I must work harder.7. To make-his dream come true, Tom becomes very interested in business.8. The boy
