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1、 Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: EnglandScotlandWales. England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section. Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones Capital: Edinburgh Wales is in the west of Great Britain.
2、 Capital: Cardiff Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast. The Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991.Geographical Features 1.Geographical position of Bri
3、tain:Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. 2.The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; and the east and so
4、utheast are mostly lowlands.Rivers and Lakes 1.Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Britain . 2.Severn River is the longest river in Britain .3.ThamesRiver is the second longest and most important river in Britain. .4.Lough Neagh is the largest lake in Britain which is located in Northern Ireland. .
5、5.River Clyde is the most important river in Scotland. 6.Snowdonia is the highest mountain in Wales.1,085m Climate 1. Britains favorable climate Britain has a maritime climate-winters are not too cold and summers are not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The tempe
6、rature varies within a small range. The factors influence the climate in Britain1The surrounding waters tend to balance the seasonal differences by heating up the land in winter and cooling it off in summer;2The prevailing south-west winds or the Westerlies blow over the country all the year round b
7、ringing warm and wet air in winter and keeping the temperatures moderate;3The North Atlantic Drift passes the western coast of the British Isles and warms them.Rainfall Britain has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The average annual rainfall in Britain is over 1,000mm. There is
8、a water surplus in the north and west, and a water deficit in the south and east.The People Population Distribution Britain has a population of about 57 millions and it is very unevenly distributed. 90% of the population is urban and only 10% is rural. The population of Britain is made up mainly of
9、the English , the Scottish , the Welsh , the Irish , the Northern Irish and other peoples . The difference between the ancestors of the English and Scots, Welsh and Irish:The ancestors of the English are Anglo-Saxons, the Scots, Welsh and Irish are Celts. The difference in character The Welsh are em
10、otional and cheerful people. They are music lovers and are proud of their past.The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious and thrifty people, and they are also hospitable, generous and friendly.The Irish are charm and vivacity. The difference in speech between southern England and northern England
11、:Southerners speak the type of English close to BBC English; In northern England, regional speech is usually broader than that of southern England. The Welsh keep their language and culture in this way: Throughout the year they have festivals of song and dance and poetry called Eisteddfodau. The gre
12、at event of the year is the National Eisteddfod. On these occasions competitions are held in Welsh poetry, music, singing and art.The main problem in Northern Ireland: The fight between the Protestants who are the dominant group, and the Roman Catholics, who are seeking more social, political and ec
13、onomic opportunities. Immigrants: About three million have come to Britain to live and find work since World War II.The History of UKThe Origins of a Nation ? I.Early Settlers 5000BC-55BC 1The first known settlers of Britain were the Iberians.2 At about 2000 BC the Beaker Folk arrived from the areas
14、 now know as Holland and Rhineland.3 The Celts began to arrive Britain about 700 BC.4 The Celts came to Britain in three main waves.The first wave were the Gaels-came about 600 BC.The second wave were the Brythons-came about 400 BC.The third wave were the Belgae-came about 150 BC.II. Roman Britain 1
15、.British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion. In 55BC and 54BC, Julius Caesar, a Roman general, invaded Britain twice. In AD 43, the Emperor Claudius invaded Britain successfully. For nearly 400 years, Britain was under the Roman occupation, though it was never a total occupation.2. Romans influence on Britain.The Roman built many towns, road, baths, temples and buildings. They make good use of Britains natural resources. They also brought the new religion,
