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1、2017年高考英语（考点解读+命题热点突破）专题13完形填空专题13 完形填空【考向解读】 完形填空是在语篇中测试考生英语知识、阅读能力、思维能力和判断能力的综合性试题，是一种要求高、难度大、区分度高、分值大的题型。该题型要求考生综合运用各种知识，对给出的选项做出合理判断，以便使重新构建的文章主旨鲜明、文意通顺、逻辑合理。因此该题型难度较大。完形填空既可以在语篇中考查考生的词汇知识，又可以考查考生运用所学语言知识的能力，如词义辨析、词语搭配、习惯用法，包括语言交际、文化背景和社会风俗等，同时还要求考生必须具备良好地把握上下文行文逻辑的能力和整个篇章结构的能力。 2016年高考完形填空的命题将继
2、续坚持“考查语境，突出语篇，注重实词，淡化语法”的命题原则，继续加大对实词意义辨析的考查力度，并突出考查考生的分析判断能力、连贯性思维能力和对语境的把握能力。 【命题热点突破一】 利用上下文信息考生从上下文寻找有关暗示及线索，如体裁线索、时态变化线索、词汇线索、句法线索、社会文化线索、上下文情景线索等，对文章的情景进行逻辑推理，抓住含有关键信息的词语，理顺句子之间的关系，仔细答题。1上下求索找信息，即从全篇的上文、下文中寻找信息每篇文章都有其内在的线索，而上下文则是营造语言环境的基础，也是进行逻辑推理的依据。通读全文大意，根据上下文寻找信息词，是提高准确率的关键。(1)运用前置信息例1、 (2
3、016全国片段)Larry works with Transport Drivers，Inc.One morning in 2009，Larry was 41.traveling along 165 north after delivering to one of his 42.customers.Suddenly，he saw a car with its bright lights on.43.As he got closer，he found 44 vehicle upside down on the road.44A.each BanotherCthat Dhis答案B(2)运用后置信
4、息例2、(2016全国片段)Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device(装置) on your desk.And theyve never actually 41.met you.Everything they know about you 42.came through this device，sometimes from hundreds of miles away.43.Yet they feel they can know you 44.just from the sound
5、of your voice.Thats how powerful the 45 is.Powerful，yes，but not always 46.accurate.For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone.45A.telephone BvoiceCconnection Dimpression答案A解析考查上下文理解。根据46空后的“only by phone”可知本文介绍的是电话，人们可以通过电话了解你。故A项正确。2巧妙利用平行结构，准确判断逻辑信息平行结构指的是结构相同或相似、意思密切关联、语气一致的句子或词组成串排列的语言
6、现象。平行结构形式上整齐匀称，内容上紧密相连。例3、(2016全国片段)One more look and he noticed 45.flames shooting out from under the 46.disabled vehicle.Larry pulled over，set the brake and 47 the fire extinguisher(灭火器)Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.47A.got hold of BpreparedCtook charge of Dcontrol
7、led答案A3利用作者的情感态度(褒贬性)，判断是非曲直几乎每篇完形填空都有一定的作者情感态度，这种褒贬性反映了作者的特定心理、情绪状态和写作意图，因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能对文章进行准确的逻辑判断，从而在吃透文意并准确传递文意的基础上推断出每一空的准确信息，找出能反映语境褒贬性的标志性词语或句子，大胆预测下文。例4、(2016全国片段).She gave me a forting smile，nodded while listening patiently，and then printed out the 54.ticket immediately.“What a wonderful l
8、ady！” I thought.Rushing out 55.gratefully I called out over my shoulder，“By the way，whats your name？”“Im Rani，” she said.I turned around and saw a 56 woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip.I was 57.speechless！Why had I thought she was cold？Rani was，well，so 58 .56A.careful B
9、seriousCnervous Dpleasant58A.calm BniceCproud Dclever56答案 D58答案 B【命题热点突破二】固定搭配和词语辨析固定搭配是高考完形填空的考查点之一。词语的固定搭配，特别是动词的搭配比例较大。考生平时应多读、多记所学习语或固定搭配并牢固掌握，灵活运用。1左顾右盼找搭配弄清前后的习惯搭配或句式结构。注意：常常不止一个选项可以构成搭配关系，应该结合上下文和语境定夺。例1、(2016四川片段)Another 53.try was in order.“Well，if you dont want to read it，give it 54 .Maybe
10、 your mom would 55.enjoy hearing the story.” The book sailed through the air to Aunt Dede and she began to read it aloud.54A.away BoutCin Dback答案D解析考查固定搭配。根据后文的“The book sailed through the air to Aunt Dede.”可知，德德姑姑是让莱内将书归还给她。give away分发，泄露；give out发出；give in屈服；give back归还。根据语境可知选D。2避免只重语意，忽略习惯搭配部分考生
11、只是注重语境，忽视了词汇的习惯搭配。因此考生把握语境的同时，要注意填入的名词、形容词、动词与空格前后某个词汇的搭配，尤其注意与介词和副词的搭配。例2、(2016天津片段)Last summer，she wanted to 18.join our local swim team.She practiced hard and finally 19 it.The team practice, 20.however，was a rough start.19A.increased BfoundCcreated Dmade答案D解析make it固定搭配，意为“成功做成某事”。3运用词语辨析选择判断此类题
12、目一般4个选项的词性相同、词义相近或相同。主要考查学生在具体语境中对所学词汇的辨析和运用能力。例3、(2016全国片段)Powerful，yes，but not always 46 .For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone.Rani，my faceless agent whom Id never met 47.in person，got me rockbottom prices on airfares，cars，and hotels.46A.direct BusefulCeasy Daccurate答案D【命题热点突破三】语法与
13、逻辑结构1语法结构完形填空对语法知识的测试重点在名词、代词的数和格、动词的非谓语形式、各种从句、主谓一致关系、并列结构、倒装结构、动词的时态和语态、虚拟语气等方面，并要注意结合词汇的用法和习惯用语的搭配关系。例1、(2016北京片段)The race began on January 27.The first musher，Shannon，picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. 46 he handed the medicine to the next musher，Shannons face wa
14、s black from the extreme cold.46A.Though BSince CWhen DIf答案C解析考查时间状语从句。句意为：当他把药物交给下一个人时，Shannon的脸已经被冻得乌青。此处用When引导时间状语从句。2逻辑结构完形填空的逻辑结构很强。通常考生可以根据文中出现的一些逻辑关系词就能准确推测出下一个要考查的词汇。此类题目主要通过了解全文的人物、时间、地点等信息后，再分析句子和句子之间的关系，段落和段落之间的关系来解题。(1)句中逻辑关系例2、(2016全国片段)The man who had his bright lights on 48.came over
15、 and told Larry he had 49.made an emergency call.They 50 heard a womans voice coming from the wrecked(毁坏的) vehicle.50A.then BagainCfinally Deven答案A解析考查句中逻辑关系。正当那人与拉里说话，这时他们听到车里传来一个女人的声音，此处用then表示“接着，然后”。(2)句间逻辑关系句间逻辑关系通常用表示转折、让步、递进、因果等明确的逻辑关系词体现。有时候也可以通过渗透到篇章结构层面，在句子与句子之间表现出来。例3、(2016全国片段)They told her to stay 52.still until the emergency personnel arrived， 53 she thought the car was going to 54.explode.53A.for Bso Ca
