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1、毕 业 论 文论文题目：电导率法评定聚环氧琥珀酸对碳酸钙结垢过程的影响 电导率法评定聚环氧琥珀酸对碳酸钙结垢过程的影响摘要随着世界水资源短缺加剧、水污染日益严重和工业生产装置运行周期延长，对工业水处理技术的要求不断提高，促进了水处理药剂的迅速发展。新型、高效、多功能的水处理药剂己经成为人们竞相开发的热点。聚环氧琥珀酸是上世纪90年代开发出来的一种环保型阻垢剂，它具有优良的阻垢性能，且无磷、非氮、可生物降解性好，是现代阻垢剂的更新换代产品。它兼有阻垢、缓蚀双重功能。将PESA投加到工业循环水中做为缓蚀阻垢剂使用，对节约水资源有较好的应用前景。本文采用传统的一步法合成阻垢剂聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA
2、) 。以马来酸酐为原料，钨酸钠作催化剂，过氧化氢作氧化剂，Ca(OH)2复配物为引发剂，得到聚环氧琥珀酸盐，经酸化甲醇洗涤、干燥得到目标产物聚环氧琥珀酸。电导率法评定PESA 的阻垢性能较好。通过改变溶液温度、阻垢剂浓度测定溶液的电导率随时间的变化值, 推断PESA 影响碳酸钙结垢过程的原因: 低温时晶格畸变起主要作用; 高温时分散起主要作用, 从动力学上影响碳酸钙结垢过程。温度发生变化, PESA 影响碳酸钙结垢过程的控制过程发生改变。关键词：聚环氧琥珀酸 电导率法 碳酸钙 阻垢机理Determination of Conductivity Polyepoxysuccinic Acid on
3、 Calcium Carbonate Crystallization ProcedureAbstractInview of exeessive exploration of world wide water resource,serious water pollution and extension of industrial apparatus operating period，ehemicals with high effect against seale for cooling water treatment is developed rapidly. New一typed,efficie
4、nt and multiple一functional water treatment chemicals have been the hotpot seientists investigate.Polyepoxysueeinic acid(PESA) is a kind of contamination free scale inhibitor,which was exploited in the 90s,last century.It is wildly used as a new produet of scale inhibitor at present for its excellent
5、 scale inhibition，biodegradability and unique molecular strueture having no hetero一atoms such as nitrogen and phosphorus. It is has double performance of scale and corrosion inhibition.Put PESA into industry circulating water as scale and corrosion inhibitores,which it is better for saving water res
6、ources.In this paper, traditional one-step method was adopted to synthetize PESA . In this condition that malefic anhydride as a raw material,sodium tungstate as catalyst,hydrogen peroxide as oxidant,the compound of calcium hydroxide as initiator,which can obtain polyepoxysuccinic salt,after wasing
7、with acidified methyl alcohol and drying,make target product polyepoxysuccinic acid.It is better to determine scaling inhibitation of PESA through Conductivity law. Speculating the reason in the process of the scaling of calcium carbonate under the influence of PESA through determining variation on
8、conductivity law in solution by changing temperature of solution and concentration of scaling inhibitor: when at low temperature, lattice distortion plays a major role; when at high temperature, scattering plays an important role, and influences process of calcium carbonate scaling from dynamics . W
9、 hen temperature is varying, the controlling process which PESA influences the procedure of calcium carbonate scaling is changing . Key words: Polyepoxysuccinic Acid Synthesis The Conductivity Method Calcium Carbonate The Inhibition Mechanism目 录1引言.11.1课题研究背景.11.2阻垢剂及其发展历程.11.2.1碳酸钙阻垢剂的分类及简介.11.2.2阻
10、垢剂的作用机理31.2.3阻垢性能的评定方法.41.2.4阻垢剂的发展趋势.51.3绿色水处理剂.51.3.1传统水处理剂的缺点.51.3.2绿色水处理剂.51.3.2.1聚环氧琥珀酸的发现.61.3.2.2聚环氧琥珀酸合成.61.3.2.3聚环氧琥珀酸应用.7 2试验部分.102.1试验试剂102.2试验仪器102.3试验方法.10 2.3.1 聚环氧琥珀酸的合成及红外表征.102.3.2 聚环氧琥珀酸的阻垢性能评定.113 结果和讨论11 3.1 聚环氧琥珀酸的红外光谱图 133.2 温度对碳酸钙结垢的影响.133.2.1 低温，PESA对碳酸钙结垢的影响.143.2.2 高温, PESA
11、 对碳酸钙结垢的影响.143.2.3 不同温度, PESA 对碳酸钙结垢的影响 14 3.2.4 PESA 浓度对碳酸钙结垢的影响.15结论16谢辞17参考文献18外文资料191引言1.1课题研究背景 在用水量极大的工业冷却水系统、热交换器、反渗透膜表面及油田工业中，结垢是困扰系统正常运行的一大难题。为节约水资源和减少排污，工业冷却水系统常采取高浓缩倍数水的循环使用。随着水质稳定技术的进步和节水要求的不断提高，循环水的浓缩倍数会逐步提高，从而加快了一些难溶盐的沉淀趋势使得结垢问题更加严重。而结垢又会降低传热效率，阻塞水流，发生垢下腐蚀等后果，这些都将影响冷却水系统的运行状况。添加阻垢剂已经成为循环冷却水系统中控制结垢的主要手段。阻垢剂的开发与合理利用是循环水处理的关键问题，能否准确、快速地评定阻垢剂的性能就显得非常重要。1.2 阻垢剂及其发展历程 水资源贫乏一直是我国面临的一大难题 ,特别是近年来,随着世界性水资源危机的不断加剧和我国工业生产的迅速发展 ,工业用水量急剧增大,合理用水及水的循环使用已经成为工业发展的重要课题。水的循环使用使水质逐渐恶化,加剧了设备的结垢,影响热传导
