《农户兼业对农业生产投资的影响》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《农户兼业对农业生产投资的影响（54页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、摘 要随着我国城镇化加快，农村劳动力向城镇转移，非农就业人口逐渐增多，农户兼业化经营成为我国农业生产的新常态。农户兼业经营扩大了收入来源，近年来，兼业农户中非农收入所占比重越来越大，改善了农民的生活质量，缓解了农民的资金压力。但与此同时，农户兼业化经营会引起农村劳动力外移，进而造成农村务农劳动力数量不足，出现空心村，青壮年劳动力外出，留下老人、妇女和儿童在家，农村地区用于农业生产的劳动力严重不足，给粮食生产带来负面影响。然而，农户兼业化经营的收入效应又可以支撑农户在农业生产中投入更多的资金，农户可以利用非农收入购买种子、化肥等提高粮食产量，购买农机、农具等来弥补劳动力的不足。农户兼业会增加农户
2、收入，减少务农劳动力，进而影响农业的投入和产出，但是究竟影响如何，是否会引起农业生产减产，目前还存在较大争议。本文以尚在从事农业生产的兼业农户为研究对象，从资金投入和人力资本投入两个方面研究农户兼业对农业生产投资的影响，有助于我们从一个更细致、更全面的角度认识农户兼业与粮食生产的关系，为正确应对我国农户兼业常态化，保障我国粮食安全提供参考。本文首先对农户兼业行为评价、农户兼业行为动因、农户兼业影响因素以及农业生产投资等方面的既往研究进行了综述。然后，针对农户兼业对于农业生产投资影响，从生产资金投入和人力资本投入两个方面提出本文的研究假说，主要有：农户兼业会使农村青壮年务农劳动力流失，进而使得务
3、农劳动力的平均年龄变大；农户兼业会使农村男性务农劳动力流失进而增大务农劳动力中的女性占比；农户兼业会降低务农劳动力受教育程度；农户兼业会提高务农劳动力受培训水平；农户兼业会增加农业生产资金性投入。运用回归模型对农户兼业对农业生产投资的影响进行实证分析，并使用工具变量法对变量的内生性问题进行处理。结果发现：1）农户兼业使农业生产劳动力数量减少，老龄化程度加大和女性占比增加，受教育程度降低，即农户兼业引起农户农业生产劳动力资本的投入在量和质两方面降低；2）农户兼业促进了农户农业生产资金投入的增加；3）农业生产基础设施的改善使农业生产资金和劳动力的投入都增加，即提升兼业农户对于农业生产要素的投入；4
4、）农户兼业虽然减少了务农劳动力数量，降低了务农劳动力平均受教育程度，但促进了资金投入和务农劳动力受培训程度，加快了农户土地转让，易于形成土地规模化经营，有利于农业生产。可见，从保障农业生产投入角度看，由于农户能够通过调整耕地经营规模与要素投入结构来适应兼业经营对劳动力的需求，不能仅仅因为兼业经营造成了劳动力转移，就对农村劳动力非农就业进行干预；从保障农业生产可持续角度看，虽然兼业经营导致劳动力损失效应，但非农收入的增加能在一定程度上抵消劳动力损失效应；从保障农业产量的角度看，应警惕兼业经营对农户农业生产造成的不利影响，但对此也不必过于担心；从提高农业生产技术效率角度看，在积极为兼业经营户发挥资
5、金优势以改善耕作管理水平创造条件的同时，应警惕兼业经营程度进一步加深后，农户耕作管理粗放化、技术效率损失加剧给农业生产带来的不利影响；从提高农业生产稳定性角度看，提供自然灾害预警服务、增强农户减灾应灾能力、减轻兼业经营户的劳动力约束，是保障农业产出稳定的关键。 关键词：农户兼业；生产资金投入；劳动力资本投入 IIAbstractWith the acceleration of Chinas urbanization, the transfer of rural labor force to urban areas and the gradual increase of non-agricult
6、ural employment, the co-employment of rural households has become the new normal of Chinas agricultural production. In recent years, the proportion of non-agricultural income among the part-time farmers has increased, which has greatly improved the quality of life of farmers and alleviated their fin
7、ancial pressure. But at the same time, farmers delelopment operation will cause the outward flow of rural labor force, resulting in rural farming labor shortage, our country appear a large number of hollow village, young adults go out, leaving the elderly, women and children at home, a serious short
8、age of labor force for agricultural production, rural areas as a threat of grain production in China. However, the income effect of farmers part-time operation allows them to invest more money in agricultural production. Farmers can use their non-agricultural income to buy seeds and fertilizers to i
9、ncrease production, and buy agricultural machinery and tools instead of manual labor to make up for the shortage of labor force. Therefore, the part-time employment of rural households will increase the income of rural households and reduce the agricultural labor force, thereby affecting the input a
10、nd output of agriculture. However, there is still a big controversy about the impact and whether it will lead to the reduction of agricultural production. In this paper, it is engaged in agricultural production the delelopment of farmers as the research object, from two aspects of capital investment
11、 and human capital investment to study the effect of concurrent-business farmers to invest in agricultural production, help us from the perspective of a more detailed, more comprehensive understanding of the relationships between concurrent-business farmers and food production, for the correct respo
12、nse to Chinas farmers delelopment permanent basis, to provide the reference to protect the safety of food in our country. Concurrent-business behavior evaluation, this paper from the farmers delelopment of peasant household behavior motivation, influencing factors of concurrent-business farmers and
13、the agricultural production investment from several aspects of research are discussed, based on this, for concurrent-business farmers for agricultural production, investment, capital investment and human capital investment from production two aspects is proposed in this paper, the research hypothesi
14、s, mainly include: farmers delelopment promotes farming ageing labor force; Rural households concurrently working will increase the proportion of women in the agricultural labor force; It will reduce the education level of the agricultural labor force. Farmers part-time employment will improve the t
15、raining level of agricultural labor force; Rural households concurrently working will increase capital input in agricultural production. Then, this paper constructs a regression model, analyzes the impact of farmers co-employment on agricultural production investment with the method of empirical ana
16、lysis, and deals with the endogenous problem of variables with the method of instrumental variables. After analysis, the conclusion is as follows: 1) the number of agricultural production labor force decreases, the aging degree increases, the proportion of women increases, and the education level decreases. 2) the increase of rural households investment in agricultural production is promoted by their co-employment; 3) the improvement of agricultural production
