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1、2022年考博英语-四川大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotiona world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pl
2、easure, neither anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: People would be as likel
3、y to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: In a world without friends or enemies ,there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members o groups. Societys economic underpinnings would be destroyed: since there would be no incen
4、tives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As ind
5、ividuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an objects physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to ushurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotio
6、ns in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are “good” and others are “bad”, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social lifefrom what foods we eat a
7、nd what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society explains our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty, morality, pride, shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform impor
8、tant tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal and penal system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.1.The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without
9、emotion is that（ ） .2.According to the passage, peoples learning activities are possible because they （ ） .3.It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependent on （ ） .4.Emotions are significant for mans survival and adaptation because （ ） .5.The emotional aspec
10、ts of an object are more important than its physical aspects in that they（ ） .问题1选项A.they would not be able to tell the texture of objectsB.they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to themC.they would not be happy with a life without loveD.they would do things that hurt each othe
11、rs feelings问题2选项A.enjoy being rewarded for doing the right thingB.know what is vital to the progress of societyC.believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay aliveD.benefit from providing help and support to one another问题3选项A.the ability to make moneyB.the will to work for pleasureC.the ca
12、pacity to enjoy incentivesD.the categorizations of our emotional experiences问题4选项A.they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objectsB.they are the basis for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintainedC.they encourage people to perform dangerous achievementsD
13、.they generate more love than hate among people问题5选项A.help society exploit its members for profitB.encourage us to perform important tasksC.help to perfect the legal and penal systemD.help us adapt our behavior to the world surrounding us【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.根据第一段的第二句“People might not
14、be able to stay alive： knowing neither joy nor pleasure, neither anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial.”如果知道没有了欢喜也没了快乐, 没有了焦虑也没了恐惧, 人们可能很难存活。他们有可能重复伤害自己的行为，却认为这是有益的。选项B符合原文。2.根据第一段“They could not learn：they could not benefit from experie
15、nce because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments.”因为没有情感的世界里根本不存在奖惩, 所以人们无法学习。反之, 如果因为做了正确的事情而得到了奖励,那么人们就可能会学习。所以选项A符合原文内容。3.根据第一段的倒数第二句“Societys economic underpinnings would be destroyed: since there would be no incentives of any kind.”社会的经济基础将被摧毁:因为没有任何形式的激励。所以,社会经济基础依赖于享受激励的能
16、力。选项C正确。4.根据第二段的第一句,“In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation.”选项B符合原文。5.根据原文的最后一段可知,“Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of o
