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1、高中英语必修二知识点总结大全高中英语必修二语法知识点一.直接引语和间接引语(一)直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语;用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。1.时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said,asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时，等等。例如：Tom said to me,“My brother is
2、doing his homework.”Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.2.人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化：根据意义进行相应的变化，例如：She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”She asked Jack where he had been.He said,“These books are mine.”He said that those books were his.(二)直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连
3、词会有所不同。直接引语如果是一般疑问句，用连接词whether或if;如果是特殊疑问句，则用疑问词引导间接引语。转述的动词一般用asked，可以在其后加上一个间接宾语me,him,her,us等。如：She said,“Is your father at home?”She asked me if/whether my father was at home.“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.直接引语如果是祈使句，改为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原
4、形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据原句的语气(即请求或命令)加上ask,tell,order等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前加not。其句型为：ask/tell/order someone(not)to do something.例如：She said to us,“Please sit down.”She asked us to sit down.He said to him,“Go away!”He ordered him to go away.He said,“Dont make so much noise,boys.”He told the boys not to ma
5、ke so much noise.二.各种时态的被动语态被动语态概述被动语态的概念：它是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的执行或被执行关系。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，例如：They saw the little boy crying by the river.被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者，例如：The little boy was seen crying by the river.被动语态的构成被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态等的不同而变化。几种常见时态的被动语态形式如下：1.一般现在时am/is/are+过去分词例如：
6、Rice is planted in the south of China.2.一般过去时was/were+过去分词例如：These trees were planted the year before last.3.一般将来时will/shall+be+过去分词例如：A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.4.现在进行时am/is/are+being+过去分词例如：Your radio is being repaired now.5.过去进行时was/were+being+过去分词When he got there,the
7、problem was being discussed.6.现在完成时have/has+been+过去分词His work has been finished.Has his work been finished? Yes,it has./No,it hasnt.7.过去完成时had+been+过去分词注意：1.除了be之外的其它系动词如get,stay等也可以和过去分词构成被动语态。例如：Their questions havent got answered.2.含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态使用“情态动词+be+过去分词”结构。例如：More attention should be pai
8、d to the old in this country.This work cant be done until Mr.Black comes.3.含有“be going to”,“be to”等结构的谓语，其被动语态分别用“be going to+be+过去分词”和“be to+be+过去分词”。例如：The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.All these books are to be taken to the library.4.被动语态与系表结构的区别：“连系动词+用作表语的过去分词”构成的系表结构，与被动
9、语态的形式完全一样，所以应注意它们的区别。被动语态中的过去分词是动词，多强调动作;系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，多强调状态。前者通常可用by 引出动作的执行者，而后者则不可以。例如：The map was changed by someone.(被动结构)That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表结构)系表结构中的过去分词通常可被very修饰，被动语态中的过去分词往往要用much修饰。例如：He was very excited.(系表结构)He was much excited by her words.(被动结构)5.主动
10、形式表被动意义。有些动词的主动形式有被动意味，如 open,read,sell,shut,wash,wear,write等。此时句子的主语一般是物。例如：These books sell well.这些书很畅销。The door wont shut.这门关不上。The clothes wash well.这些衣服很好洗。高中英语必修二短语知识点1.cultural relics文化遗产Many unearthed cultural relics were exhibited at the museum.博物馆展出了许多出土文物。By definition the capital is the
11、political and cultural center of a country.根据定义,首都是一个国家的政治文化中心。2.rare and valuable珍贵稀有It is rare to find such a genius nowadays.这样的天才现在很少见。The flaw in this vase makes it less valuable.这个花瓶因为有点缺陷，不那么值钱了。3.in search of 寻找，寻求=in search for Hes sailed the seven seas in search of adventure.他闯荡七大洋去历险.He w
12、ent to the south in search for a better future.他为了寻找更好的前途到南方去。4.in the fancy style以别致的风格 instyle/in the style of以风格These clothes are too fancy for me,I prefer plainer ones.这些衣服对我来说有些花哨，我还是喜欢素净些的。5.popularShe is popular at school.她在学校里很受人喜欢。This dance is popular with young people.这种舞很受青年人喜爱。6.a treas
13、ure decorated with gold and jewels,which took the countrys best artists about ten years to make.用金银珠宝装饰起来的珍品，一批国家最优秀的艺术家用了大约十年的时间才把它完成。decorate with以.装饰7.be designed for为而设计by design 故意地My brother designs to be an engineer.我弟弟立志要当工程师。This room was originally designed to be my study.这间屋子原预定做我的书房。His
14、parents designed him for the army,but he preferred the navy.他父母打算要他当陆军，但是他却喜欢当海军。8.belong to属于We belong to the same generation.我们属于同代人。9.in return作为回报/报答/交换in turn依次地，轮流的;转而，反过来10.a troop of 一群He is surrounded by a troop of friends.他被一群朋友围住了。11.become part of变成的一部分It is part of the way we act.它是我们行为
15、表现的一部分。12.serve as作为，用作，充当，起作用The room can serve as a study.这间房子可作书房用。13.a small reception hall for important visitors 接待重要来宾的小型会客室。14.Later，Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.后来，叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中。have sth done请/让别人做某事，使得，蒙受某种损失We had the machine repaired.我们请人把机器修好了。15.In 1770 the room was completed the way shewanted.1770年，这间琥珀屋按照她的要求完成了。( I was never allowed to do things the way/that/in which I wanted.我从来不允许按照自己的想法去做事情。)16.Sadly,although the Amber Room was considered one
