高考英语二轮复习考点练习考点42完形填空说明文 (含解析)

考点42 完形填空说明文 高考频度：★★★★★ 说明文完形填空考查考生通篇把握全文，根据上下文的逻辑关系，综合运用所学语言基础知识，进行分析﹑推理﹑判断的能力和语篇分析理解能力。检测考生在阅读理解的基础上对英语语言知识综合运用的能力。 说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。常见的说明文有自我介绍、人物介绍(传记)、地方介绍、习俗介绍、节日介绍、方法(步骤)介绍，产品说明、实验报告、科普小品、读书报告、新闻报道等。 说明文类完形填空通常有以下命题特点： 1. 开头点题 在说明文类完形填空题中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的前提。 2. 结构清晰 说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系以及选择正确答案具有重要意义。 3. 文体特点 说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。 4. 条理清楚 说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序等来说明事物或事理。 解答这类题目要遵循下列原则： 1. 明白说明对象 文章的首句一般就明确了说明对象。对文章要进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。 2. 弄清楚说明的顺序，利用好标志语 把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词语被称为＂语篇标志语＂。如表示结构层次的语篇标志语firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等；表示因果关系的thus, therefore, so等；表示改变话题的by the way等；表示递进关系的besides, what’s more等；表示时间关系的before, so far, yet, meanwhile, later等；表示转折关系的but, while, on the other hand等。做题时如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系。 3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节 把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。 4. 注重上下文语境 应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境做深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。 The Beginning of Drama There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the 　1　that drama evolved from ritual(宗教仪式). The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings 　2　the natural forces of the world—even the seasonal changes—as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to 　3　these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to 　4　the desired results were then kept and repeated until they changed into 　5　rituals. 　6　stories arose which explained or masked the mysteries of the rituals. As times passed, some rituals were 　7　, but the stories, later called myths, continued to exist and provided material for art and drama. Those who believed that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rituals contained the 　8　of theatre because music, dance, masks, and 　9　were almost always used.  　10　, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and 　11　the entire community did not participate , a(n) 　12　division was usually made between the ＂area of acting and theatre in which an audience sits ＂. Besides, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was 　13　to avoiding mistakes in the practice of rituals, religious leaders usually 　14　that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often imitated (模仿) other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed (用哑剧表演出) the 　15　effect—success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun— 　16　an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representatives were separated from 　17　activities. Another theory traces the theater’s origin from the human interest in 　18　. According to this view, tales about the hunt, war or other things are told and gradually spread.  　19　through the use of action and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily gymnastic or that are 　20　of animal movements and sounds. 1.A. background B. assumption C. evidence D. theory 2.A. viewed B. employed C. imagined D. dismissed 3.A. take B. possess C. guarantee D. control 4.A. start B. show C. bring D. continue 5.A. usual B. direct C. convincing D. fixed 6.A. Apparently B. Actually C. Eventually D. Naturally 7.A. spread B. abandoned C. followed D. celebrated 8.A. seed B. content C. myth D. history 9.A. costumes B. routines C. instructions D. performances 10.A. As a result B. In fact C. On the contrary D. In addition 11.A. when B. although C. unless D. while 12.A. deep B. equal C. clear D. extra 13.A. attached B. related C. committed D. tied 14.A. put up B. took up C. took on D. put on 15.A. unexpected B. unpredicted C. prepared D. desired 16.A. whenever B. as C. whatever D. so 17.A. social B. political C. economic D. religious 18.A. accounts B. story-telling C. descriptions D. drama-writing 19.A. at that time B. at a time C. at first D. at once 20.A. imitations B. creatures C. presentations D. exhibitions 【文章大意】文章介绍了关于古希腊戏剧的起源。 1.B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。background＂背景＂；assumption＂假定，假设＂；evidence＂证据＂；theory＂理论＂。句意：关于古希腊戏剧的开始有许多理论。其中一个最普遍为人接受的假设认为戏剧是从宗教仪式演化而来。故选B。 2.A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。view＂考虑，认为＂；employ＂雇佣＂；imagine＂想象＂；dismiss＂解散，解雇＂。句意：人类认为世界的自然力量，甚至季节性变化，是不可预测的，他们试图通过各种方式去控制这些未知的、令人恐惧的力量。故选A。 3.D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。take＂拿，占＂；possess＂拥有＂；guarantee＂保证＂；control＂控制＂。参看上一题解析。故选D。 4.C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。start＂开始＂；show＂展示＂；bring＂带来＂；continue＂继续＂。句意：这些措施似乎带来了预期的效果，然后得到不断重复，直到它们变成了固定的仪式。故选C。 5.D 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。usual＂通常，经常＂；direct＂径直的＂；convincing＂令人信服的，有说服力的＂；fixed＂固定的＂。参看上一题解析。故选D。 6.C 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。apparently＂明显的＂；actually＂事实上＂；eventually