考研英语一试卷全国硕士研究生考试真题完整版（2019年）

絶密启用前2019年全囯硬士研究生招生考试英语（一）（科目代碼：201)考生注意事璜1.答題前，考生須在试題冊指定位置上填写考生編弓和考生姓名；在答題卡指定位置上填写扳考单位、考生姓名和考生編丹，并涂写考生編另信息京。2.考生須把试題冊上的试卷糸形碼粘貼茶取下，粘貼在答題卡的试卷篆形碼粘貼位置框中。不按規定粘貼糸形碼而影啊讠平卷結果的，責任由考生自負。3.造抒題的答案必須涂写在答題卡相庶題弓的造璜上，非造抒題的答案必須节写在答題卡指定位置的辺框民域內。超出答題尻域节写的答案元效；在草稿纸、试題冊上答題元效。4.填（节）写部分必須使用黑色字迹签字黽节写，字迹工整、竜迹清楚；涂写部分必須使用2B铂僊填涂。5.考试結束，将答題卡和试題冊按規定交回。（以下信息考生必須从真填写）二二I11111111111111 I Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or Don the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Today we live in a world where GPS systems,digital maps,and other navigation apps are available on our smartphones.1 of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone.But phones 2 on batteries,and batteries can die faster than we realize.3 you get lost without a phone or a compass,and you 4 cant find north,we have a few tricks to help you navigate 5 to civilization,one of which is to follow the land.When you find yourself well 6 a trail,but not in a completely 7 area,you have to answer two questions:Which 8 is downhill,in this particular area?And where is the nearest water source?Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys,and on supplies of fresh water.9,if you head downhill,and follow any圧0you find,you should 10 see signs of people.If youve explored the area before,keep an eye out for familiar sights-you may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another 12:Climb high and look forf signs o human hab1tat10n.13 even in dense forest,you should be able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads,train tracks,and other paths people carve 15 the woods.Head toward these 瓦 to find a way out.At night,scan the horizon for 17 light sources,such as fires and streetlights,then walk toward the glow of light pollution.18,assuming youre lost in an area humans tend to frequent,look for the 19 we leave on the landscape.Trail blazes,tire tracks,and other features can 20 you to civilization.1.1.A Some B Most C Few D All 2.A put B take C run D come 3.A Since B If C Though D Until 4.A formally B relatively C gradually D literally 5.A back B next C around D away 6.A onto B off C across D alone 7.A unattractive B uncrowded C unchanged D unfamiliar 8.A site B point C way D place 9.A So B Yet C Instead D Besides 10.A immediately B intentionally C unexpectedly D eventually 11.A surprised B annoyed C frightened D confused 12.A problem B option C view D result 13.A Above all B In contrast C On average D For example 14.A bridge B avoid C spot D separate 15.A from B through C beyond D under 16.A posts B links C shades D breaks 17.A artificial B mysterious C hidden D limited 18.A Finally B Consequently C Incidentally D Genera恥19.A memories B marks C notes D belongings 20.A restrict B adopt C lead D expose Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points).2.Text 1 Financial regulators in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks.Starting next year,any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing.The main purpose of this clawback rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institutions.Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit:more long-term decisionmaking,not only by banks but by all corporations,to build a stronger economy for future generations.Short-termism or the desire for quick profits,has worsened in publicly traded companies,says the Bank of Englands top economist,Andrew Haldane.He quotes a giant of classical economics,Alfred Marshall,in describing this financial impatience as acting like children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain,he notes,has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades.Transient investors,who demand high quarterly profits from companies,can hinder a firms efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty.This has been dubbed quarterly capitalism.In addition,new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities,quicker use of information,and thus shorter attention spans in financial markets.There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of longterm investing,said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in a speech this week.In the US,the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year,slightly helping reduce short-termism.In its latest survey of CEO pay,The Wall Street Journal finds that a substantial part of executive pay is now tied to performance.Much more could be done to encourage long-termism,such as changes in the tax code and qu