(1986—-2012)考研英语历年真题、答案及解析)

201 2年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank andmark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank andmark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become animportant issue recently.The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of therule of law 2 justices behave like politicians.Yet,in several instances,justicesacted in ways that 3 the courts reputation for being independent andimpartial.Justice Antonin Scalia,for example,appeared at political events.That kind ofactivity makes it less likely that the courts decisions will be 4 as impartialjudgments.Part of the problem is that the justices are not 5 by an ethics code.At the very least,the court should make itself 6 to the code of conduct that7 to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases 8 the question of whether there is still a9 between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law 10 having authority apartfrom politics.They gave justices permanent positions 11 they would be freeto 12 those in power and have no need to 13 political support.Our legalsystem was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they areso closely 14.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted infundamental social 15 like liberty and property.When the court deals withsocial policy decisions,the law it 16 is inescapably political-which is whydecisions split along ideological lines are so easily 17 as unjust.The justices must 18 doubts about the courts legitimacy by makingthemselves 19 to the code of conduct.That would make rulings more likelyto be seen as separate from politics and,20,convincing as law.1.AemphasizerecognizeB maintainC modifyD2.AwhenBlestC beforeD unless3.ArestoredB weakenedC establishedDeliminated4.AchallengedB compromisedC suspectedD accepted5.A advancedB caughtC boundD founded6.A resistantB subjectCimmuneD prone7.A resortsB sticksC loadsDapplies8.A evadeB raiseCdenyD settle9.A lineB barrierC similarityD conflict10.A byBasC thoughD towards11.A soB si neeC providedD though12.A serveB satisfyC upset D replace13.A confirmB expressC cultivateD offer14.AguardedB fol lowedC studiedDtied15.A conceptsB theoriesC divisionsDconceptions16.A excludesB questionsC shapesD controls17.A dismissedB releasedC rankedD distorted18.A suppressB exploitC addressDignore19.A accessibleB amiableC agreeableDaccountable20.A by all mesnsB at all costsCin a word D as aresultSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Ftead the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text bychoosing A,B,Cor D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Come on-Everybodys doing it.That whispered message,half invitation andhalf forcing,is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure.It usually leads to no good-drinking,drugs and casual sex.But in her new bookJoin the dub,Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be apositive force through what she calls the social cure,in which organizations andofficials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their livesand possibly the word.Rosenberg,the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize,offers a host of example of thesocial cure in action:In South Carolina,a state-sponsored antismoking programcalled Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool.InSouth Africa,an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people topromote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising,and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer.Hercritique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on:they fail tomobilize peer pressure for healthy habits,and they demonstrate a seriouslyflawed understanding of psychology.Dare to be different,please dontsmoke!pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking amongteenagers-teenagers,who desire nothing more than fitting in.Rosenbergarguesconvincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers,so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure,Rosenbergis less persuasive.Join the Cfubis filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enoughexploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure sopowerful.The most glaring flaw of the social cure as its presented here is thatit doesnt work very well for very long.Ffage Against the Haze failed once statefunding was cut.Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changesis limited and mixed.Theres no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on ourbehavior.An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-aswell as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via socialcommunication.This is a subtle form of peer pressure:we unconsciouslyimitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain,however,is how