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1、电大动画概论期末考试复习要点注意: 本总结为全教材复习要点,凡列出均是重点,蓝色为重重点,红色为重重重点。判断题没有标重点程度。单选、多选、填空、判断1. 世界上第一部彩色动画长片是白雪公主。2. 第一部有声动画片是1928年推出的威利号汽船。3. 中国第一部大型动画片是铁扇公主。4. 中国第一部水墨动画片是小蝌蚪找妈妈。5. 1966年,手冢治虫推出日本第一部彩色电视动画系列片森林大帝。6. 1963年,手冢治虫创立的第一套日本长篇电视动画是铁臂阿童木。7. 动画作品的叙事形式有:小说式、戏剧式、纪实式和抽象式。8. 1980年,上海美术电影制片厂摄制了三个和尚,它的成功在于内容和形式上的民
2、族化、大众化与叙事结构、节奏的现代化的统一。9. 从1950年的第一部动画,发展到60年代已经每年能制作出十多部动画,其中特别值得一提的就是19611964年制作的大闹天宫,它可以说是当时国内动画的巅峰之作。10. 1947年,中国制作了第一部木偶动画皇帝梦。11. 1958年,拍摄了第一部剪纸动画片猪八戒吃西瓜。12. 1960年,完成了第一部水墨动画小蝌蚪找妈妈。13. 1960年,拍摄了第一部折纸动画聪明的鸭子。14. 亚历山大佩特洛的老人与海开创了动画片意识上的先锋性和实验性,对当代动画具有深远的影响。15. 动画按题材设定分类可分为:艺术动画、科教动画、广告动画。 16. 中国的走马
3、灯、皮影应该是动画的雏形。17. 被公认为世界动画创始人的是埃米尔雷诺。18. 捷克动画的代表人物有:兹德内克.米莱尔、杰利.川卡。19. 动画是主动地表现时间和空间的艺术,具有很强的可编辑性。20. 英国人约翰.哈里斯曾指出:“运动是动画的本质”。21. 丰子恺漫画的描法中提到:“漫画是简笔而注重意义的一种绘画”。22. 三维动画主要依赖电脑图像生成技术,简称“CG技术”。23. 漫画风格是动画的主流风格,它的覆盖范围广泛,有很大的张弛度、和无穷的想象力。24. 1932年,迪士尼推出第一部彩色动画片:“花与树”,是第一部获得奥斯卡动画短片奖的影片。25. 是前苏联动画创始人之一。26. 2
4、004年法国动画片青蛙的预言在法国戛纳电影节和柏林电影节上荣获多个奖项,被誉为法国划时代作品。27. 手冢治虫是日本著名的漫画家、动画家,被誉为“日本现代动漫之父”。28. 中国动画教育起源于1952年,在北京电影学院成立了中国第一个动画专业。29. 编写文学故事剧本,是动画创作的第一环节。30. 费德利克的动画作品以优雅和简单的造型设计,以及对时间的精确掌控见长。31. 德国人以其严谨、思辨及深厚的音乐绘画功底创造出形式别致的德国动画32. “卡通”,英文Cartoon的音译,即“非真人电影”。起源于美国。它是用图画表现某些情节和某一形体运动过程的一种影片,采用逐格摄影的方法进行拍摄,把许多
5、张描绘连贯性动作的画面,配以所需的背景,按顺序一张张拍摄下来,连续放映产生活动的影像。33. “美术片”,电影四大片种之一,是动画片、木偶片、剪纸片、折纸片的总称。34. 1984年,宫崎骏的作品风之谷获得“每日映画大藤奖”、“文化厅优秀映画制作奖励奖”等大奖。35. 萨格勒布学派可说是南斯拉夫动画的代名词。36. 拉达与克里希纳取材于印度教神话,讲述了英雄克里希纳与爱人拉达历经磨难,终成眷属的故事。37. 影院动画是动画中备受瞩目的动画形式,通常按照电影剧本方式编写故事。38. 针幕动画是上世纪 20年代发明的实验艺术。现代动画理论公认的一个例子是阿尔塔米拉洞穴内的“奔跑的野猪”。39. 黏
6、土动画,既有一般动画中的想象力,又能达到一般动画无法达到的三维效果。40. “动画片”是以图画表现人物形象、戏剧情节和作者构思的影片。它采用“逐格摄影”的方法,将一系列互相之间只有细微变化而动作连续的画面拍摄在胶片上,然后以每秒24格或25格的速度放映出来,以获得形象活动自如的艺术效果。41. 动画的视觉符号有具象的、非具象的、立体的与虚拟的。42. 现代中国动画的风格,受欧美和日本动画的影响很大,有明显的模仿痕迹。在中国动画发展的道路上,民族化和现代化相结合是中国动画人一直要探讨和研究的问题。43. 中国的动画事业发展很早,20年代中国的动画先驱万氏兄弟万籁鸣、万古蟾、万超尘和万涤寰就开始研
7、究动画制作。44. 动画的本体特性有:艺术特性、工艺特性、审美特性、多元性、时尚性、假定性。45. “原画”也叫做关键动画,是控制动作过程的轨迹特征和形态特征。46. 弗雷德里克巴克是加拿大电影局之外的一名著名动画家,他的作品以色彩斑斓的彩铅风格传达出优雅、简洁、富有诗意的人文气息。种树的人和摇椅是奠定他在国际动画影坛地位的重要作品。47. 如果我们暂时忽略动画片背景的绘制便会发现:对于绝大部分的商业动画长片和一部分非商业动画短片来说,单线平涂已经成了动画电影特有的美术形式。48. 运动的形态在动画中的呈现方式是位移与变形。49. 动画的作品形态有影像构成和声音构成。50. 立体动画的偶动画电
8、影片是将立体形像逐个摆放姿态,然后用摄影机逐格拍摄而成。51. 电视动画动画广告片一般长1560秒,电影动画广告片一般长13分钟。52. 法国人埃米尔.科尔用摄影机上的停格技术拍摄了世界上第一部动画系列影片幻影集。53. 主流动画中的观众心理需求有知觉快乐、替代满足、紧张刺激、审美升华。54. 动画片画面构成包括美术风格、构图和动作。55. 设计稿一般有两部分:一是人物角色,二是背景。56. 声音剪辑点,以语言、音乐、音效来作为剪辑点。57. 动画片的风格形成主要依赖于:导演的风格、美术的风格、叙事的风格、音乐的风格58. 在所有的风格中,导演的风格对动画风格影响最大。59. 1913年,第一
9、家动画公司在纽约成立,拉武巴瑞精心为自己的动画片设计出一套行之有效的定位系统,为以后的动画发展奠定了基础。60. 1914年,美国人埃尔赫德发明了透明的赛璐珞片,实现了活动形象与背景分离的制作,大大提高了动画制作的效率和表现力。61. 原画动作设计直接关系到未来影片的质量,动画电影的独立性正是建立在这一环节上,造型符号在此获得生命力和性格。62. 加拿大国家电影局的卡罗琳丽芙的猫头鹰与鹅的婚礼是沙动画。63. 故事版包括画面与文字两部分,其画面内容有角色运动、景别大小、背景变化镜头调度和光影效果等视觉效果。64. 中期创作阶段设计制作阶段这一阶段内容包括:设计稿、动作设计、动画、背景65. 下
10、面我国较著名的水墨动画片有牧笛、山水情、小蝌蚪找妈妈等。66. 动画作品的特性包括综合性、叙事性和独创性。动画作品构成的要素是运动影像 、音效及声音。67. Animate本意是赋予生命,AnimateFilm意思是Film的影像是有动画艺术家创造的,是艺术家赋予本来没有生命的形象符号以生命力的电影。68. 世界动画历史学家把动画诞生的时间定为1892年10月28日,是“动画之母”,爱米尔雷诺。69. 动画的视觉符号立体的、有具象的、非具象的、和虚拟的。70. 手翻书时,一些画面快速连续或交替出现,画面内物体会发生真正的感觉,这是人眼的运动视觉暂留现象。71. 英国的史都华布雷克顿,1906年
11、拍摄了在上做的滑稽脸的幽默相,用粉笔脱口秀做成了被公认的世界上动画片。72. 根据动画艺术两种不同的倾向和艺术家的不同追求,动画可以分为主流动画和非主流动画。73. 动画片的创作构成包含四个方面:一般主题和内容、叙事结构、画面构成和声音构成。74. 立体动画一般有偶动画与电脑三维动画。错 实物动画75. 戏剧式结构讲究“起、承、转、合”,其中“合”是指结果圆满。错是指结局76. 动画片的构图原理包括绘画构图原理和运动构图原理。对77. 转面图通常都有角色的正面、侧面和45度斜侧面的图。错 和背面78. 美国迪斯尼公司在1928年制作的有声卡通片蒸汽船威利是世界上第一部影院动画电影。错 世界上第
12、一部影院动画电影是白雪公主79. 动画片的众多风格中,原画的风格对动画影响最大。错 是导演80. 动画片剪辑不能将声音与情绪作为剪辑点。错81. 电影制作都分为两个部分:前期创作及后期制作阶段。错82. 宫崎骏是日本动画的代表,日本新漫画的创始人被称为“漫画之神”。错是手冢治虫83. 故事版就是画面分镜头剧本 对84. 绘制故事板的最佳人选是原画,原画对电影知识了解透彻,最能体现其构思与艺术追求。是导演 错85. 原画也叫关键动画,不是制作动画片的核心。是原画 错86. 原画必须将画面线条全部画到位,不能有任何毛刺和误差。可有誊清清稿 错87. 动画就是负责画出动作的关键张。动画负责中间画 错
13、88. 动画是用来填补原画与原画之间的过程动作。对89. 动画片的人物角色,在任何场合任何时候,都要保持其特征形象的统一。对90. 修形的主要工作是清稿,还要负责其它动作衔接所需要完成的不足张数。 不负责其它动作衔接所需要完成的不足张数 错91. 动画,主要来完成原画设定关键动作瞬间所需要的中间过程张数。中间张数少,动作就平稳柔顺;张数多,动作转换就快。 张数少转换快 错92. 背景是角色活动的陪衬与环境交代,一般要严格按照设计稿规定的景别、角度以及结构框架绘制背景,但可以灵活地在规定范围之外任意发挥。93. 决不能在规定范围之外任意发挥错94. 传统动画片拍摄方法与实拍电影故事片不同,动画片
14、采用逐格拍摄。对95. 实验动画是指那种带有探索性的作品,从观念与市场上都有新的建树或突破的作品。技术错96. 立体动画的偶动画电影片是将立体形像逐个摆放姿态,然后用3DS软件摄影机逐格拍摄而成。摄影机 错97. 所谓文艺批评,就是专门指对文艺作品中不能接受的地方进行批评。 还包括能接受的地方进行肯定赞扬 错名词解释、简答题、论述埃米尔雷诺 于1877年改进了走马盘,制造了用几面镜子拼成圆鼓形的活动视镜。因此,在电影史上埃米尔雷诺一般被认为是动画创始人。温瑟麦凯 不是发明动画技术的人,但却是第一个注意到动画艺术潜能的人。代表作:1914年的恐龙葛蒂路斯坦尼亚号之沉没(电影史上第一部以动画手段表
15、现的纪录片。)马克斯佛莱雪 发明了转描机,用它可以将真人电影中的场景和动作通过透镜反射到摄影机台面上,然后转描在赛璐珞片上或纸上。动画产业的形成:美国的迪斯尼动画王国,1928年推出以米老鼠为主角的动画片蒸船威力是第一部音画同步的有声动画片。1932年推出第一部彩色动画片花与树,是第一部获得奥斯卡动画短片奖的影片。1937年的白雪公主是第一部彩色动画长片。小蝌蚪找妈妈:是五六十年代的中国水墨动画的珍宝影片之一。动画取材于画家齐白石创作的鱼虾形象,从而奠定了影片的美术水准。而这部片子打破了动画片“单线平涂”的模式,没有边缘线,意境优美,气韵生动,因此获得多项国际殊荣。原画也叫关键画,是指物体在运
16、动过程中的关键动作,是相对于动画而言的,原画是大规模的动画片制作生产中最重要的一环,难度最大耗时最多。原画的作用是用来控制动作轨迹和动态幅度的关键。原画的动作设计要按照设计稿中提供的空间、运动范围和时间来设计和构思关键动态,包括整个镜头内部动作和外部动作设计,完成后填写摄影表,经导演审看合格后交给动画人员加入动画。动画:动画是原画的助手和合作者。动画的职责和任务是:将原画关键动态之间的变化过程,按照原画所规定的动作范围、张数和运动规律,一张一张的画出中间画。概括的说,就是运动物体关键动态之间渐变过程的画。动作检验:此项工作是对原动画质量的检查。原动画完成后由专门技术专家进行整体动作质量的检查,
17、明确原动画的线条,查漏补缺,不符合要求的返回原画或动画部门进行修改。这一工作要求有很高的原动画绘制能力和经验。摄影表(名词解释):是用来描述与记录影像所构成的蓝图,其中包括镜头号、长度、动作提示、动画额动画分层背景,拍摄方法及要求等。苏俄动画发展可分为哪几个时期,简要特点是什么?答: 萌芽时期(19111929)。开始了动画艺术的探索,出现了斯塔列维奇等偶动画艺术家。 发展阶段(19301939)。苏联动画发展史中的“黑白”阶段,动画片只是在数量上得到了发展,而在质量上却发生了停滞甚至后退。 黄金时期(19401959)。苏联动画电影导演将社会主义现实主义的创作方法与民间艺术的优良传统相结合,
18、对本国和其他国家及民族优秀的民间传说、神话故事和童话、寓言等题材进行编创,获得了相当大的成功。 风格转变期(19601990)开始动画艺术的深入探索,出现了尼娜索莉娜、尤里诺斯坦等独具个性的艺术家。 低落期(1991至今)。动画在形式上更加多元化,而动画的风格则更多地传达出忧伤和沉重的气息。问:动画作品的叙事方式有哪几项?答:小说式、戏剧式、纪实式、抽象式问:中国动画创始人万氏兄弟有那些人?他们最早的动画作品是什么?答:是万籁鸣、万古蟾、万超尘。他们最早的动画作品是一分钟动画广告片舒振东打字机。问:简答主流动画的有哪几项创作原则?答:善恶法则、英雄法则、喜剧法则、幻想法则、时尚法则。问:动画片
19、音响包括哪些内容?答:自然音响、动作音响、机械音响、特殊音响虚拟音响问:主流动画一般应该满足观众的哪些心理需求?答:1知觉快乐2替代满足3刺激紧张4审美升华问:列举主流动画创作法则中英雄法则的几种观众心理状态答:企盼英雄、崇拜英雄、效仿英雄、关注英雄、角色置换。问:动画片叙事结构中的戏剧式结构讲究“起承转合”,请说一下“起承转合”各为什么意思?答:“起”就是故事的开始,“承”就是故事的发展,“转”就是故事的逆转即高潮,“合”就是故事的结局。问:你对动画的分类有何创见?(动画作品的分类)答:按作品分类:产业动画片埃及王子、实验动画片(包括两个含义:形式上的实验和内涵方面的探索)一只娶了母鹅的猫头
20、鹰、广告动画片、科学教育动画片哈雷彗星、与真人合成动画片谁先陷害兔子罗杰。按制作工艺分类:(1)传统动画,传统动画不仅指二维动画,还指偶动画,传统动画是逐格拍摄的。(2)电脑动画,电脑动画是无纸动画、3D动画、网络动画(flash动画)。按呈现方式分类:(1)影院动画(2)电视动画(3)游戏(4)手机动画。问:动画片与美术的区别?答:美术作品表现的是事物的瞬间形象,是静止的,动画片表现的是“运动”、“发展”。美术作品中在整个欣赏过程中观众的参与介入的程度较大。创作者通过作品引发观众的联想和感受以完成传达。在动画电影中,则是创作者主观意识的介入程度更大。动画不再是单纯的视觉艺术,成为一种综合性的
21、视听艺术。动画片是“画”出来的运动,就决定了它离不开美术思维(特殊性)。问:动画“风格”与“流派”的含义,介绍动画片主要的几种风格和流派答:所谓“流派”是指不同时期所流行的不同风格,而“风格”是指艺术作品所表现的主要的思想特点和艺术特点。动画片主要的几种风格和流派有:主流商业动画电影、非主流动画电影、具有浓郁民族风格的动画电影、其他风格的动画。问:我国动画教育的出路?1、调整知识结构,阐述。2、将动画作为一种艺术素质教育,通过加强学生的艺术底蕴,培养通用型人才。3、针对动画媒体的发展方向,培养新媒体动画人才。阐述。4、重视创作能力培养。5、衍生开发动画的高端和低端教育产品。6、生产、教学、科研
22、全面发展,利用人才优势,结合产业发展。问:二维动画的材料及其各自的特点?1、二维动画的概念。2、赛璐璐。特点?3、纸绘。特点?4、剪纸。 特点?5、底片直绘1分 特点?。问:美国主流动画影片的表现形式。答:人物造型的符号化 回避视觉上的暴力刺激 爱情贵族化你分层次论述一下动画片的主要特点?一、表现内容的广阔性(2分)它可以表现现实生活中的各个方面,大自然的一切现象及变化,看不见,摸不着的抽象内容,梦幻的境地,未来的幻想等,只要是我们的要表现的内容,不论它多么复杂,变化有多么奇技,动画都能有层次地,由浅入深地,形象地表现出来。(3分)如一些科教动画,电视片头动画,三维电脑动画、广告片等。(2分)
23、 二、 表现方式的灵活性(2分)根据不同主题的内容,在表现风格上有装饰的写意的,写实的或是两者相结合的,在色彩设计方面,也有较大的选择。(2分)如骄傲的将军、大闹天宫、等这种装饰性的,也有小鹿班比、天空之城、小号手这种写实的。在科教影片的表现方法上,可在动画线画技巧、模型、动画特技等方面去体现。三维动画片的出现,使表现方未能更丰富多彩,如玩具总动员、恐龙等等。(3分) 三、 故事内容的象征性(2分)由于动画片具有的夸张特点,命名其在很多方面都具有象征性的色彩。(2分)如:科教片、传记片中的敌我双方箭头进攻,包围等都是象征性的。动画有着一个非常优越的表现能力,它不受时间、空间、地理位置、自然环境
24、、历史年代的影响,不受抽象内容的束缚,不受运动速度的限制,它可以按艺术家的要求充分的去夸张表现。(2分) 总之,在当今天科技高速 发展的今天,动画显的越来越重要。因此动画在电影、电视的艺术表现中,在科研教学以及广告的地位和作用,已为更多的人们所重视。思考:从各个角度分析你认为优秀的一部动画电影?请您删除一下内容,O(_)O谢谢!2015年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全,电大期末考试必备小抄,电大考试必过小抄Shanghais Suzhou Creek has witnessed much of the citys history. Zhou Wenting travels this storie
25、d body of water and finds its most fascinating spots. Some lucky cities can boast a great body of water, like London with the river Thames and Paris with the river Seine. Shanghai is privileged enough to have two great bodies of water: Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek.Huangpu River became famous when
26、colonists established clusters of grand buildings on its banks on what became known as the bund. Today, the bund overlooks the breathtaking skyline of Lujiazui financial district. Shanghais other body of water, however, Suzhou Creek, has been somewhat overshadowed. Suzhou Creek links the inland citi
27、es of Jiangsu province with Shanghai. When the British colonists, who arrived in the city after it was opened as a commercial port in 1843 found they could reach Suzhou, Jiangsu province, via the creek, they named it Suzhou Creek. Thanks to its location, a large amount of cargo and travelers were tr
28、ansported via the creek before rail links were established. But after a century of being utilized as a waterway to transport goods and labor, the creek grew dark and smelly. Industrial factories were established along the banks. In the 1990s it became a key task of the city government to clean the c
29、reek. Suzhou Creek, which snakes 17 km from the iconic Waibaidu Bridge downtown to the outer ring road in west Shanghai, maps the changing periods of the citys history, including the imprints of the concessions, the beginning of industrialization and the improvement in peoples living conditions. Whe
30、re the Bund began In-between the shopping street of East Nanjing Road and the Bund, are a cluster of streets that give me the illusion that I am no longer in modern Shanghai. The streets are narrow and old and criss-cross each other. Any old residential house may turn out to be a former office of th
31、e British, constructed in the 1880s. Pawnshops and hardware stores that are hard to find elsewhere, are plentiful here. This area, at the confluence of Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek, is called the Bund Origin. Countless tour buses stop at the site every day and visitors from around the world get of
32、f to see this place, the starting point of the concessions in the city. It all started in 1872, when the former British Consulate General was constructed and the Bund began its transformation into an the financial street of the East. Now the site of the former consulate is called “No 1 Waitanyuan”,
33、which translates to “the Bund Origin”, to honor its beginnings. The entire complex of this historical site comprises of five buildings, the former British Consulate General, the official residence of the consul, the former Union Church, the church apartments and the former Shanghai Rowing Club. The
34、size of the courtyard is equivalent to that of four standard soccer fields. The building of the former consulate is a two-storey masonry building on an H-shaped plan in typical English renaissancestyle. The building is designed with a five-arch verandah on the ground floor with a raised terrace faci
35、ng the garden, while the facade features an entry portico beneath a colonnaded loggia. It has been turned into a caf where dinner and afternoonteaare available. Visitors can choose to sit indoors or outdoors to enjoy the magnificent gardens with nearly 30 ancient trees.Yuanmingyuan Road behind the c
36、omplex is also a historical site. The road has been revamped as a pedestrian shopping street and high-end brands have seized the best spots. Altogether, 14 old buildings, including those used for offices and residences constructed during 1920s and 1930s, remain. Today, it is a popular location for c
37、ommercialfashionphoto shoots. New Tianan Church, or Union Church, stands at the intersection of Yuanmingyuan Road and Suzhou Creek. The church, designed in the style of the English countryside, has a capacity of 500 people. It was very popular during the concession period but was converted into fact
38、ory offices after 1949. The church we see today is a replica, the original burned down in 2007. There used to be an outdoor swimming pool, the first of its kind in Shanghai, beside the church but has been filled-in and is now a small garden. Bridge of romance There is perhaps no other place thats mo
39、re representative of Shanghai than this bridge, which appears in quite a lot ofmovies about the city. Dozens of couples visit every day to pose for their pre-wedding photos on the bridge where Suzhou Creek begins and interconnects with Huangpu River. This is Waibaidu Bridge, or the Garden Bridge. Th
40、e soon-to-be-wed couples pose in splendid attire on the bridge, leaning against the railing or sitting on the wooden floor. Some even risk walking into the middle of the road to get the perfect shot.Colorful lights illuminate the bridge throughout the night, making it a picturesque place for pre-wed
41、ding portraits and lovers to meet. Constructed in 1873 and designed by a British company, the 106-meter-long bridge was the first-ever major bridge in Shanghai. In 1856, the first large wooden bridge, Wells Bridge, was built over Suzhou Creek but the bridge toll led to complaints from citizens. So 1
42、7 years later, another wooden bridge, which did not require tolls, was built. People called it Waibaidu, which means “going across for free”. The bridge was renovated as a steel truss structure in 1907. Because nearly 40 bridges have now been built over Suzhou Creek, the bridge is no longer a traffi
43、c artery but is more of an observation deck for tourists. It is a tradition in Shanghai for a grandmother to walk across a bridge with their grandchild when he or she reaches one month. This represents that the newborn has overcome all the twists and turns and its journey will be safe and smooth thr
44、oughout his or her life. Waibaidu Bridge is always the best option because its the icon of Shanghai. The picture of my daughter when she was a baby held by her grandmother was also taken here. Its like a family tradition, says Wang Xuefen, a Shanghai native who has a newborn grandson. Changning Rive
45、rside There is a 5-km stretch of waterfront by Suzhou Creek in Changning district on Changning Road from the intersection of Hami Road to Jiangsu Road. It has become a popular place to take a walk and sunbathe on the lawn. There is an overpass at the intersection of Changning Road and Gubei Road for
46、 people to enjoy the view of the creek and a 3-km plastic runway on both sides of Changning Road, which attracts people of all ages, Chinese and expat. Jogging on the two sides gives a different feeling because the north side is next to the creek, and the south side is adjacent to the residential hi
47、ghrises, which is like jogging in the jungle, says Xiao Xu, a 27-year-old woman who lives nearby. The riverside used to be completely different. Dozens of textile mills, chemical plants and machine manufacturing factories were set up along the creek in the 1920s. They brought industrialization but a
48、lso pollution. From the 1930s the creek could no longer be used as a source for tap water, and no living fish or shrimp could be found. Suzhou Creek in my memory is dark and smelly. I used to go to the riverbank to watch the sewage disposal running out from the chemical plants when I was a little gi
49、rl. We didnt know it was pollution. We thought it was a red waterfall, says Huang Qi, a 57-year-old Shanghai resident. So the residential houses along the creek were unpopular, and only migrants with low incomes would live in that area, she says. However, things have changed. The plants were closed
50、and turned into riverside parks and the apartments in the new highrises, especially those facing the creek, are much sought after. East China University of Political Science and Law This is the famous former Saint Johns University, Chinas first-ever modern institution of higher education established
51、 by missionaries from the United States in 1879. The buildings combine Chinese and Western elements. Address: 1575 Wanhangdu Road, Changning district The old residential area After you leave the university from its east gate you will enter a shabby neighborhood that retains its original look. The al
52、leys are narrow and the houses are overcrowded. Some things have not changed for many generations, such as raising chickens at home. Address: West Guangfu Road Moganshan Road This is anartsy street that has become very popular among artists and fashionistas in recent years. Graffiti covers the walls
53、 on the winding street, where you can find a cluster of art galleries and creative industry offices. Sihang Warehouse Four banks jointly funded the construction of this warehouse, so it is named sihang, or four banks. The warehouse, built in 1931, was used for the storage of food, first-aid supplies and ammunition during the years of war. The building, which is also a masterpiece left by the Hungarian architect Laszlo Hudec in the 1930s, has been recently transformed into a center of creative industry workshops. Address: 1 Guangfu Road, Zhabei district