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1、 考研英语语法重难点精解 复合句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，被定语从句所修饰的词称为先行词，定语从句必需置于先行词之后，定语从句是讨论生及四、六级等各类考试的常考点，也是语法重点，本节将着重讲解：1. 引导词关系代词：which， that， who(m)， whose， as关系副词：when， where， why例句： Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a standalone media property that promotes complementary and even competi
2、tive products. （选自2022年Text 3）分析： 该句是复合句。其中，for example作插入语，a standalone media property与BabyCenter为同位语关系；that promotes complementary and even competitive products是一个定语从句，修饰BabyCenter。译文： 例如，强生公司创立了宝宝中心网站，它是一家独立的媒体资产，用于推广互补的甚至是竞争性的产品。例句： This trend began during the Second World War，when several gover
3、nments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. （1996年第72题）分析： 该句是复合句，主干局部为This trend began during the Second World War，when引导一非限制性定语从句修饰the Second World War；that a government wants to mak
4、e of its scientific establishment是修饰the conclusion that.这一同位语从句中demands的定语从句， 而同位语从句的主干为the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail， 其中make demand of sb. /sth.意为“向某人或某事提出要求”。译文： 这种趋势始于其次次世界大战，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府向科研机构提出的详细要求通常是无法详尽预见的。例句： One reason why it is hard to design and teach suc
5、h courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberalarts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. （选自2022年Part B）分析： 该句是复合句。其中，主句的主干局部是One reason is that they can cut across the insistence；why it is hard to
6、design and teach such courses是一个定语从句，修饰reason；that liberalarts educations and professional education should.in different schools是insistence后的同位语从句。译文： 这种课程很难设计和讲授的缘由之一就是它们打破了美国顶尖大学一贯坚持的原则：人文训练与专业训练应当独立，并在不同的学院讲授。 2关系代词引出的定语从句和关系副词引出的定语从句 考试中涉及定语从句的考点常常是选关系词，而区分关系代词和关系副词是做题依据，关系代词中除whose在句中作定语外，其他各词均
7、在句中作主语或宾语，即除去关系代词后，其后不是一个完整的句子；而关系副词在句中作状语，即除去关系副词后，其后是一个完整句子。例句： Ive kept up a friendship with a girl whom I was at school with twenty years ago.（画线局部不是一个完整的句子）（1998年第8题）分析： 该句是复合句，whom引导的定语从句修饰a girl，其中短语be with sb. at school，意为“在学校与某人是同学”。译文： 我与一个二十年前和我在一起读书的女孩始终保持着友情。例句： Besides， this is unlikel
8、y to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.（画线局部是一个完整句子）（选自1999年Text 3）分析： 该句是复合句。主干局部为this is unlikely to produce.in a country，形容词短语as large as ours和定语
9、从句where the economy is spread over.都修饰country， is spread over和involves在定语从句中作并列谓语。译文： 另外，像我们这样一个经济进展普及许多地区，涉及许多跨国公司的国家，职业训练也不行能培育出各种职业所需要的专业人才。 3 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 定语从句依据其与先行词关系的亲密程度分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，限制性定语从句是把主从句看作一个整体，因而关系严密，不用逗号隔开，从句去掉后，主句不能单独成立；非限制性定语从句是把主从句分开考虑，因而关系松散，通常用逗号隔开，从句去掉后，主句也能单独成立，在引导词
10、中除关系代词that和关系副词why外，其他均可引导非限制性定语从句。例句： It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources， and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques. （1999年第75题）分析： 该句是复合句，介词短语to traditional historians与to soc
11、ial science historians并列，每个介词短语都由各自的定语从句来修饰。译文： 这种谬误同样存在于历史传统派和历史社会科学派。前者认为历史就是史学界内部和外部人士对各种史料来源的评论，后者认为历史的讨论是详细方法的讨论。例句： By contrast， they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750， when England was still a completely agricultural country，a period of great abundance and prosperity. （选自19
12、98年Cloze Test）分析： 该句是复合句，主干局部为they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750 a period of great abundance and prosperity，非限制性定语从句when England was still a completely agricultural country修饰hundred years。译文： 相比之下，他们认为从1650年到1750年的100年间，虽然英国还是一个完全的农业国，但这一时期是富有和富强的时期。例句： Toyota Motor, for examp
13、le, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and wellorchestrated socialmedia response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the socialnews site Digg. （选自2022年Text 3）分析： 该句是复合句。其中，主句的主干局部是
14、Toyota Motor alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year；介词短语with a relatively quick and wellorchestrated socialmedia response campaign作状语，表示方式，修饰动词alleviated；which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites.是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰campaign。译文： 例如，丰田汽车公司通过发动相对快速、细心安
15、排的社交媒体回应活动，包括在微博Twitter和社会新闻网Digg等网站上与消费者直接互动，缓解了今年早期的召回危机所造成的局部损失。 4 介词+which/whom引导的定语从句 假如which或whom在定语从句中作介词宾语，那么该介词可以置于从句前，这种定语从句修饰人时，介词后只用whom，修饰物时只用which，不能用that，由于介词后接that意思发生转变，如in+that=because引导缘由状语从句，另外介词+which还可等同于关系副词，如in/on， at+which=when/where， for which= why。that/which/whom在从句中充当宾语或介词宾语时，关系代词常省略。例句： Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns)into which they plug each days events. In other words， there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a readymade narrat
