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1、 考研英语文章阅读之科学地理The sun is not growing weaker， yet its light appears to be dimming. Between 1960 and 1990， some scientists believe， the amount of solar radiation reaching Earth”s surface may have declined as much as 10%and in some places， Hong Kong， for example， more than 35%.What was going on？ Well，
2、it appears that increased air pollution during those 30 yearsover Asia， in particularwith the help， perhaps， of some increased cloudiness， may have exerted a cooling influence on the surface of the planet even as carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases were encouraging the atmosphere to warm. The
3、impacts of that tug-of-war on the climate system could be devilishly difficult to untangle. At the same time， no task could be more urgent. For if global pollution has helped keep global warming in check， says Veerabhadran Ramanathan， an atmospheric scientist at the University of California at San D
4、iego， then the full impact of the buildup of greenhouse gases has yet to be felt. This week， at the American Geophysical Union meeting in Montreal， Ramanathan and others will be presenting the latest data on the solar-dimming problem and pondering its implications for the climate system as a whole.M
5、any scenarios for global warming， for example， invoke a speedup in the hydrological cycle by which water evaporates and then comes down as rain. The cooling produced by solar dimming， however， may slow the rate of evaporation， while higher up in the atmosphere the pollutants responsible for absorbin
6、g and reflecting sunlight are likely to interfere with the process that produces rain.Why？ These pollutants， which take the form of tiny， airborne particles called aerosols， act as nuclei around which cloud droplets form. The problem is， there are too many aerosols in the atmosphere competing for wa
7、ter molecules， so the cloud droplets that form are too small and never become weighty enough to fall to the ground. As a result， says Beate Liepert， an atmospheric physicist at Columbia University”s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory， the atmosphere could be filled with moisture while Earth”s surface
8、thirsts for rain.Many questions remain， including the true extent of the dimming. One analysis pegs the average worldwide darkening to be about 4% over three decades， while another computes it to be more than twice that much. There are also questions about the reliability of the devices that measure
9、 the sunlight reaching Earth”s surface. Known as radiometers， these instruments are nothing more than flat， black solar collectors capped with glass. They are sometimes finicky； a smudge of dirt or a speck of dust can cause bogus readings and change the calculated results.Solar dimming， in other wor
10、ds， is a problem still in the process of being defined， and as its dimensions become clearer， so will the nature of the challenge the world faces. Although scientists have done a lot of thinking about global warming， they are just beginning to grapple with the problem of how global warming and solar
11、 dimming interact. As Ramanathan puts it， “It”s like we have a new gorilla sitting down at the table“and it could turn out to be a very big gorilla indeed.注（1）：本文选自Time； 5/24/2022， p60-60， 2/3p；注（2）：本文习题命题仿照对象2022年真题Text 3；1. By “tug-of-war”（Line 4， Paragraph 2）， the author means _.Athe different ef
12、fect of solar dimming and global warmingBthe impact of the solar dimming on the climate systemCthe influence of the solar dimming on the global warmingDthe interaction between the solar dimming and global warming2. How do the scientists feel about the current climate situation？ASerious.BOptimistic.C
13、Carefree.DPanicked.3.When mentioning “It”s like we have a new gorilla sitting down at the table”（Last Line，Paragraph 6）， the author implies that _.Ascientists should have a close look at the solar dimming problemBwe are facing a new problem which is very complicated and difficult to manageCwe are ju
14、st beginning to have research on this new fieldDthe new solar dimming problem is beyond scientists ability to tackle4. Which of the following cannot serve as a factor of causing the cooling surface of theplanet？AThe lack of the rain in the earth.BThe increasing of the pollutants.CThe forming of the
15、cloud droplets.DThe less weight of the cloud droplets.5. Which of the following is true according to the text？AThe instruments used in the study are too simple to function well.BLiving things in the earth will be greatly influenced by solar dimming.CThere is still a long way to go in the study of solar dimming.DThe findings that solar dimming has influence on the surface of the planet are doubtful.答案：DABAC篇章剖析本文是一篇类似科普的文章，采纳提出问题分析问题的模式，指出太阳变黯和全球变暖之间的相互作用和影响，并指出这一领域的讨论存在的一些问题以及目前的讨论水平。第一段指出太阳变黯这一现象；其次段、三段和四段
