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1、Unit 2 CloningUnit 2 CloningGrammarGrammar语法精讲(一) 同位语the Appositive 同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。同位语的表现形式有以下几种：(1) 名词 Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. (2) 代词 I myself will do the experiment.(3) 数词 She is the oldest among them six.(4) 名词词组Mr Smith, a football fan, oft
2、en watches football games on TV.(5)从句 He told me the news that the plane had exploded. 他告诉我飞机爆炸的消息。同位语从句the Appositive clause(1) 同位语从句的定义 在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。语法精解(二)它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth , hope , problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question 等名词的后
3、面, 对前面的名词作进一步的解释, 说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有连词that, 连接副词，连接代词how, when, where, whether, what等。 同位语从句的表现形式: 由that引导The fact that you havent enough time to do the work is unbelievable.The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true. 由whether引导 The question whether we need more tim
4、e to do the work has not been discussed. 由when引导 I have no idea when they will go. 有时可用 namely (即), that is to say (也就是说), in other words (换句话说), that is (那就是), for example 等引出同位语, 说明其前面的名词或代词。有时同位语直接跟在名词或代词的后面。 He told us the good news, namely, the museum is open to all. There is only one way of im
5、proving your English , that is , to practice more. Altogether Dolly had lived for six years, half the length of the life of the original sheep.同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：注意: The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow. Word came that their team had won.同位语从句与定语从句的区别: 同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆,我们
6、可以从以下几个方面区别它们: 同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词; 定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。We express the hope that they will come to visit China again.(同位语从句)Those who want to go please sign their names here.(定语从句) 同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系； 定语从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。The news that they won the match is true.(同位语从句, news和从句没有逻
7、辑关系)The news that you told us yesterday is true.(定语从句, news是told的宾语)The order when we should go back hasnt reached us.(同位语从句, order和从句没有逻辑关系)The day when New China was founded will never be forgotten.(定语从句, day是founded 的逻辑状语)引导同位语从句的连词不可省略; 引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。 The news that he has been elected moni
8、tor of our class is true. The news (that) he told me is exciting.同位语从句与名词一般可变成一个完整句子, 谓语动词用be的不同形式。 He heard the news that their team had won. 此句可以变为一个表语从句: The news was that their team had won.练习1. Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet./The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.T
9、he fact that two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句。2. The Queen of England was on a four-day visit in China./We heard the news last night.We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a four-day visit in china.
10、3. Teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online. /Many Chinese parents hold the view.Many Chinese parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online.4. Students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people.The suggestion that students should be giv
11、en more free time is welcomed by many people.用名词性从句完成下列句子。5. The news _ _ (她通过了高考) is exciting.6. Mike made a promise _ _ (他将帮助我学习英语)that she has passed the national college entrance examination that he would help me with my English.指出划线部分是什么从句。7. The fact that Great Britain is made up of three coun
12、tries is known to us.8. The continent(大陆) that consists of two countries is developing very fast.(同位语从句)(定语从句)9. The news that the plane will take off on time makes everybody happy.10. The news that is spreading around the country is that a heavy storm is coming.(同位语从句)(定语从句, 表语从句)11. The suggestion
13、 that we should learn something practical is worth considering.(同位语从句)用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空。12. I cant decide _ book I should buy.13. China is no longer _ it used to be.14. I am very interested in _ he improved his English in such a short time.15. _ we need is more money.which what how What16. The truth _
14、 the earth turns around the sun is known to us.17. _ and _ we will meet has not been decided yet.thatWhenwhere1.填入适当的连接词，并判断是定语从句还是同位语从句： 1) The fact_ he used to be a thief is known to all. 2) We were surprised by the fact _ she told us. 3) The next thing _ must be done is to make a plan.that同that/w
15、hich定that定测试性评价4) Word came _ our army had won the battle.5) The president has given an order_ everyone in the country should prepare for the war.6) Weve just heard a warning on the radio _ a hurricane is likely to come.that同that同that同7) There is no doubt _ he has told a lie.8) You have no idea _ anxious I was!9) The coat is in the place _ you left it.where定that同how同
