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第八讲-增词法(共29页)

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精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上第十讲 增词法(一) 英汉两种语言,由于表达方式不尽相同,翻译时既可能要将词类加以转换,又可能要在词量上加以增减增词法就是在翻译时按意义上(或修辞上)和句法上的需要增加一些词,以更忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容这当然不是无中生有地随意增词,而是增加原文中虽无其词而有其意的一些词一、根据意义上或修辞上的需要(一) 增加动词根据意义上的需要,可以在名词前后增加动词例如: (1) In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqué.如果将其中的斜体部分译为“在宴会、音乐会、乒乓球表演之后”,意思似乎不够明确但如果在名词之前增加原文中虽无其词但有其意的动词,即“在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后”,形成三个动宾词组,那就意思明确,读起来也比较通顺自然,符合汉语习惯所以此句译为“晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后,他还得起草最后公报。

2) There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no “ordinary Chinese” with paper flags and bouquets of flowers.没有发表讲话,没有各国外交官到场,也没有“普通中国人”挥舞纸旗、花束的场面3) He was about to become, for lack of anyone or anything better, a very influential intellectual --- the wrong man at the wrong place with the wrong idea.因为找不到更好的人,也没有更好的办法,于是他就要成为一个很有影响力的知识分子了,这真是在错误的地方任用错误的人去实行他的错误主张试译一:1. They talked for almost eight hours, through dinner and well into the night.2. He favored the efforts to improve relations with all peace-loving countries.3. “Nobody could count on his restraint(克制) or rationality(理性),” he said.1、 他们谈了差不多八个小时,中间吃了一顿晚饭,接着谈到深夜。

2、 他赞同为了同所有爱好和平的国家改善关系而进行努力3、 他说:“谁也不能指望他会采取克制或讲道理的态度二)增加形容词 为了意义上或修辞上的需要,有些英语句子中的名词,译成汉语时,可以增加一些适当的形容词1) With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism!中国人民正在以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊! 2) O, Tom Canty, born in rags and dirt and misery, what sight is this! (Mark Twain) 根据原著,汤姆·康第本是一个穷人,穿上王子的服装以后,被人认为真是王子,就显得特别煊赫所以需要将这一意思表述出来啊,汤姆·康第,生在破烂、肮脏和苦难中,现在这番景象却是多么煊赫啊!试译二:1. “This is grasping at straws, I know,” said the helpless man.2. “It’ll make a man of him,” said Jack. “College is the place.”3. He regarded the National Day edition of that paper as a collector’s item.1、“我知道,这是在抓救命稻草,”他无可奈何地说。

2、“一定会把他造就成一个堂堂的男子汉,”杰克说,“就是应该上大学嘛!”3、他把国庆节那份报纸视为收藏家的珍品三)增加副词 根据原文的上下文,有些动词在一定场合可增加适当的副词,才能确切表达原意1) The crowds melted away.人群渐渐散开了2) As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.他一坐下来就讲开了,滔滔不绝地讲个没完试译三:1. Now and then his boots shone.2. A seagull saw the light from my window and darted(飞奔,投掷) up to it.3. He turned a chair around and straddled (跨骑) it, resting his chin on the back.1、 他的靴子时常闪闪发光2、 一只海鸥看见窗户透出的灯光就一下子朝它扑去3、 他把椅子转过来,叉开腿一屁股坐在上面,下巴搁在椅背上四)增加名词1、在不及物动词后面增加名词 英语中有些动词有时用作及物动词,有时用作不及物动词;当它作不及物动词时,宾语实际上是隐含在动词后面的,译成汉语时往往需要把它表达出来。

例如:to wash before meal是“饭前洗手”,如果不译出隐含的宾语“手”,译文“饭前洗一洗”的意思就不明确1) Mary washed for a living after her husband died of acute pneumonia.在丈夫患急性肺炎去世后,玛丽靠洗衣服维持生活2) Day after day he came to his work --- sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.他每天来干活--- 扫地,擦地板,收拾房间试译四:1. He ate and drank, for he was exhausted.2. The invading troops looted(掠夺,抢劫) and raped wherever they went.1、 他吃点东西,喝点酒,因为他疲劳不堪了2、 入侵士兵每到一处就抢劫财物,奸污妇女2、在形容词前增加名词1) This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.这部打字机真是价廉物美2) A new kind of aircraft --- small, cheap, pilotless --- is attracting increasing attention.一种新型的飞机正越来越引起人们的注意---这种飞机体积不大,价钱便宜,无人驾驶。

3) He is a complicated man --- moody, mercurial (善变的), with a melancholy(忧郁) streak(倾向,气质). 他是一个性格复杂的人---喜怒无常,反复多变,有些忧郁寡欢3、在抽象名词后增加名词 某些由动词或形容词派生来的抽象名词,翻译时可根据上下文在其后面增添适当的名词,使译文更合乎规范如:persuade 说服 persuasion 说服工作prepare 准备 preparation 准备工作backward 落后 backwardness 落后状态 tense 紧张 tension 紧张局势arrogant 自满 arrogance 自满情绪mad 疯狂 madness 疯狂行为antagonistic 敌对 antagonism 敌对态度1) After all preparations were made, the planes were flown across the U.S. to San Francisco.一切准备工作就绪后,飞机就飞越美国前往旧金山。

2) In the summer of 1969, the Administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China.1969年夏天,政府公开主张缓和同中国的紧张关系4、在具体名词后增加名词 当具体名词表达一种抽象概念时,译文也常根据上下文增加一些适当的名词1) He felt the patriot(爱国者) rise within his chest.他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡2) He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty.他让法官的职责战胜父子的私情,而判决他儿子有罪3) Kissinger felt that Rogers was quibbling(说俏皮话,诡辩), but the lawyer in Nixon supported the quibble of a fellow lawyer.基辛格感到罗杰斯是在挑刺儿但是,律师出身的尼克松支持了他的同行的挑刺儿五)增加表示名词复数的词 汉语名词的复数没有形的变化,很多情况下不必表达出来。

但要表达指多数人的名词时,可在该名词后面加“们”,或在名词前加“诸位”,“各位”此外,还可根据情况,增加重叠词、数词或其它一些词来表达这样做还可以提高修辞效果1、增加重叠词表示复数1) Flowers bloom all over the yard.朵朵鲜花开满了庭院2) Newsmen went flying off to Mexico.记者纷纷飞到墨西哥去了3) There were rows of houses which he had never seen before.一排排的房子,都是他从来没有见过的2. 增加数词或其他词表示复数1) The lion is the king of animals.狮子是百兽之王2) The very earth trembled as with the tramps of horses and murmur of angry men.连大地都震动了,仿佛万马奔腾,千夫怒吼3) Most were absorbed into the Russian empire through colonial expansion under the Tsars.大部分是在历代沙皇统治下,通过殖民扩张而并入俄罗斯帝国的。

试译五:1. Very acute problems exist among them.2. The U.S. had a brief period of regional feudalism during the period of slavery in the southern states.3. 。

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