2021年考研真题2021年考研英语真题和答案2021年考研英语真题和答案Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choosethe best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET1 . (10points)Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are.Ithe fruit-fly experiments described in CarlZimmer7 s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly2 to live shorter lives.Thissuggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright. Intelligence,it 5 out, is a high-priced option. Ittakes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning 一 a gradual 7 —instead of instinct•Pientyof other species are able to learn, and one of thethings they, ve apparently learned is when to 8 . Isthere an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? That? s the question behind this new research • Ilike it. Insteadof casting a wistful glance10 at all the species we〃 ve left in the dust I. Q -- wise, it implicitly asks what the real11 of our own intelligence might be. Thisis12 the mind of every animal I' ve ever met . Researchon animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would13 on humans if they had the chance. Everycat with an owner,14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning, webelieve that15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. Theywould try to decide what intelligence in humans isreally17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18,they would hope to study a19 question： Are humans actually aware of the world they live in?20 the results are inconclusive - 1.[A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe [D] Imagine2. [A]tended [B] feared [C] happened [D] threatened 3 - [A_thinner [B] stabler [C] lighter [D] dimmer 4 - [A]tendency [B] advantage [C] inclination [D] priority5. [A]insists on [B] sums up [C] turns out [D] puts forward6. [A]off [B] behind [C] over [D] along 7. [A]incredible [B] spontaneous [C]inevitable [D] gradual 8. [A]fight [B] doubt [C] stop [D] think 9. [A_invisible [B] limited [C] indefinite [D] different10. [A]upward [B] forward [C] afterward [D] backward11. [A]features [B] influences [C] results [D] costs12. [A]outside [B] on [C] by [D] across13. [A]deliver [B] carry [C] perform [D] apply14. [A]by chanee [B] in contrast [C] as usual [D] for instance15. [A]if [B] unless [C] as [D] lest16. [A]moderate [B] overe [C] determine [D] reach17. [A]at [B] for [C] after [D] with18. [A]Above all [B] After all [C] However [D] Otherwise19. [A]fundamental [B] prehensive [C] equivalent [D] host 订 e20. [A]By accident [B] In time [C] So far [D] Better still Section II Reading prehension Part A Directions： Read thefollowing four texts. Answerthe questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Markyour answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (40points) Textl Habits are a funny thing • Wereach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-p 订 ot and relaxing into the unconscious fort of familiar routine. "Notchoice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,n William Wordsworth said in the19th century.Inthe ever-changing21st century, even the word “habit“ carries a negative connotation.Soit seems antithetical to talk about hah its in the same context as creativity and irmovation. Butbrain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. Butdon〃 t bother trying to kill off old habits； once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocus, they" re there to stay. Instead,the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. “Thefirst thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder, n says Dawna Markova, author of "The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners • "Butwe are taught instead to "decide,' just as our president calls himself ' the Decider - ' " She adds,however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one • Agood innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities. " All of us work through problems in ways of which we〃 re unaware, she says. Researchersin the late1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways： analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. Atpuberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life. Thecurrent emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us in。