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1、考研英语备考翻译真题精讲 考研英语备考：翻译真题精讲 一、全真试题 （71）While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians，modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place，ea
2、ch generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered; it is also frequently partial or partisan. The irony of the historians craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but cont
3、ributions to an unending process. （72）Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy，t
4、he emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of
5、the contemporary world. （73）During this transfer，traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study. Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession. （74）There is no ag
6、reement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. Historians，especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of “tunnel method，”frequen
7、tly fall victim to the “technicist fallacy.” Also common in the natural sciences，the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation. （75）It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and inter
8、nal criticism of sources. And to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques. 二、翻译题解 （71）Whiletherearealmost as many definitions of historyastherearehistorians, modern practice most closelyconformsto onethatseeshistory as the attempt to recreate and explain the signi
9、ficant events of the past. 句子拆分： 拆分点参考：从属连词，标点符号， While there are almost as many definitions of history /as there are historians, / modern practice most closely conforms to one / that sees history /as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. 解析： （1）主句中one是宾语，后面的that从句是
10、它的定语从句。 （2）see. as.把看作是，介词短语as the attempt做see的状语，不定式短语to recreate and explain.作名词the attempt的定语。 词的处理： while虽然，尽管 definitions定义，界定 modern practice现代（补词：史学家的)实践 conforms to符合于，趋向于认为 attempt试图，尝试 技巧点拨： （1）主干结构是While there are almost as. as there are. +主句，While引导让步状语从句，从句中as.as结构是比较级，这句话直译“为有多少历史学家，就有
11、多少关于历史的定义”但是这个汉语译文不符合汉语的习惯。因为在英语句子中，比较的两者是“历史学定义的数量”和“历史学家”的数量，两个数量是一致的是可以比较的。但若翻译为“有多少个历史学家，就有多少个关于历史的定义”，就感觉是“历史学的定义”和“历史学家”在做比较。所以可以进一步调整为“几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定”。 （2）modern practice most closely conforms to one：modern practice可以直接翻译为“现代实践”。但是，汉语里“实践”这个词常常不用“现代”等形容词修饰，可通过适当的增词，把这个“实践”进一步指明。联系上下文可知，这里
12、的“实践”是指“历史学家的实践”。另外，one是不定代词， （3）to recreate再现，重现（不能说“重新创造历史”），events“事件”，结合上下文引申为“史实”。 完整译文： 几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其作出解释。 （72）Interest in historical methodshas arisenless through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from i
13、nternal quarrels among historians themselves. 句子拆分： 拆分点参考：连词，介词 Interest in historical methods has arisen / less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline / and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. 解析： （1）主干结构是一个简单句：Interest. has arisen l
14、ess through .and more from. （2）并列状语less through .and more from的翻译是关键，through和from意思完全相同，表示原因，直译“比较少的是因为，更多的原因是” （3）challenge后面的不定式短语to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline是它的定语，直译“对历史作为一门学科的正确性提出异议”，internal quarrels 后面的介词短语among historians themselves作quarrels的定语。 词的处理： interest in
15、historical methods对历史方法的关注（兴趣） arisen来自于，产生于 challenge质疑，挑战 validity真实性，正确性 as an intellectual discipline作为一门学问（一个学科领域） internal quarrels内部意见不统一，内部分歧 技巧点拨： less and more：在此直译的话是“少数是因为多数是因为”根据汉语的习惯，可以翻译为“主要是因为.，其次是因为.”,“与其说是因为,不如说是因为”。 完整译文： 人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。 （73）During this transfer, traditional historical methodswere augmentedby additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study
