自考英语写作基础考核知识点分析与解题思路 近几年的英语写作基础试卷在考查内容和试题类型上改动不大，保持了命题的连贯性考查内容包括三大部分：句子的组成、段落的写作、应用文写作题型有重写句子、改写病句、识别主题句、重新组合段落、识别与段落内容无关的句子、写信六种本文将按题型顺序对2000年试题的考核知识点与解题思路进行分析和探讨，同时，也将对考生答题中的典型错误作一剖析，希望能有益于准备参加今年考试的同学 第一大题 重写句子(本大题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分) Rewrite each of the following sentences according to the requirement. 一，考核知识点：考查loose sentence 与periodic sentence之间的转换 ●试题： 2. I felt like taking a walk after watching the sunset. (periodic sentence) 3. While they were waiting in line for the concert tickets， the rain stopped. (loose sentence) ●答案： 2. After watching the sunset， I felt like taking a walk. 3. The rain stopped while they were waiting in line for the concert tickets. ●解题关键： (1) 明确两种句型的特点：就语义结构而论，periodic sentence(掉尾句)中主要信息在后，次要信息在前，使句子的重心置于句尾，旨在造成悬念，引人入胜；而loose sentence(松散句)则正相反，将句义重心放在句首，使主要信息一目了然。
就语法结构而言，periodic sentence(掉尾句)将句子成分中的修饰部分放在主要成分(一般为主谓结构)之前；而loose sentence(松散句)则反之 (2) 第二题原句主要信息为 I felt like taking a walk，放在次要信息After watching the sunset之前，原句是loose sentence(松散句)，变换句型只要将主次信息换位即可第三题原句的主要信息为the rain stopped，次要信息为while they were waiting in line for the concert tickets，原句是periodic sentence(掉尾句)，变换成loose sentence(松散句)，需主次信息换位 二，考核知识点：考查将两个独立短句合并成一个simple sentence的能力 ●试题： 5. The letter is from my foreign friend. The letter arrived today. (simple sentence) 9. My roommate was waiting for me at the door. He had a book in his hand. (simple sentence) ●答案： 5. The letter from my foreign friend arrived today. 9. My roommate with a book in his hand was waiting for me at the door. ●解题关键： (1) 明确simple sentence(简单句)的构成：simple sentence(简单句)包含一个主语+谓语动词(S+V)的结构。
(2) 将两个短句的共同主语作为合并后的simple sentence(简单句)的主语，并将其中包含主要信息的短句的谓语动词确立为simple sentence(简单句)的谓语动词，另一短句转化为修饰成分 (3) 第5题原句中第一个短句为次要信息，介词短语from my foreign friend可作为修饰成分第9题原句中，第一个短句包含主要信息，其谓语动词was waiting可作为合并后的simple sentence(简单句)的谓语动词，第二个短句He had a book in his hand，可转化为with引导的介词短语结构，作修饰成分 ●考生典型答题错误分析 (错误)The letter which arrived today is from my foreign friend. (分析)错误有二：一、未将原句中包含主要信息的短句的谓语动词arrived作为合并后的simple sentence(简单句)的谓语动词；二、含有定语从句的句子不是simple sentence(简单句)，而是complex sentence(复合句) (错误)The letter arrived today is from my foreign friend. (分析)这是一个病句，句中出现两个没有合适方式连接的谓语动词，根本不符合语法规则。
(错误)My roommate， who had a book in his hand， was waiting for me at the door. (分析)此句中who had a book in his hand是定语从句，而simple sentence(简单句)中不能含有从句 三，考核知识点：考查独立短句与compound sentence之间的转换 ●试题： 1. Jerry is a good student. He studies hard and grasps concepts well. (compound sentence) 6. We could take a taxi. We could walk to the restaurant. (compound sentence) 10. I needed butter to make the cookie better. I couldn‘t find any. I used vegetable oil instead. (compound sentence) ●答案： 1. Jerry is a good student， for he studies hard and grasps concepts well. 6. We could take a taxi or we could walk to the restaurant. 10. I needed butter to make the cookie better， but I couldn‘t find any， so I used vegetable oil instead. ●解题关键： (1) 明确compound sentence(并列句)的特点：compound sentence(并列句)是由并列连词或特定的标点符号将意义相关、结构完整的两个或两个以上的simple sentence(简单句)连接起来构成的。
(2) 理顺独立短句间逻辑关系：是承递、转折、选择、还是因果？确定好后在并列连接词and， nor， but， yet， or， for， so之中选一个出来连接各分句 (3) 第1题中，两分句间的关系为前因后果，所以选择for引出解释原因的分句第6题中，两分句为选择关系，可用or连接第10题较为复杂，前两个分句是转折关系，可用but或yet连接；它们又与第三个分句形成前因后果的关系，所以选择so引出结果 ●考生典型答题错误分析 (错误)Jerry is a good student for he studies hard and grasps concepts well. (分析)用for引导表示原因的分句时，它前面一定要用comma(逗号) (错误)For Jerry is a good student， he studies hard and grasps concepts well. (分析)除了因果关系不妥外，for的位置也不正确用for连接两个简单句时，前句表示结果或结论，后句说明产生前述结果的原因，所以for只能出现在后句中 (错误)We could take a taxi or walk to the restaurant. (分析)此句仍是一个simple sentence(简单句)而不是compound sentence(并列句)，compound sentence(并列句)必须包含两个或两个以上的simple sentence(简单句) 四，考核知识点：考查compound sentence与complex sentence之间的转换 ●试题： 4. The tape recorder was not working right， so I returned it to the store. (complex sentence) ●答案： 4. Because the tape recorder was not working right， I returned it to the store. ●解题关键： (1) 了解complex sentence(复合句)的构成：complex sentence(复合句)包含一个主句及一个或多个从句。
从句分为名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句 (2) 第4题原句是compound sentence(并列句)，两个分句为因果关系，要把compound sentence(并列句)重写成complex sentence(复合句)时，只需将第一个分句改为由从属连接词because引导的原因状语从句即可 ●考生典型答题错误分析 (错误)I returned the tape recorder to the store， for it was not working right. (分析)for虽然也可引导表示原因的分句，但它是并列连接词，用在compound sentence(并列句)中，这点与because、as、since等引导原因状语从句的从属连接词不同 五，考核知识点：考查对compound-complex sentence的掌握和运用 ●试题： 7. If you want me to clean your windows， please give me a week‘s notice. I am very busy this month. (compound-complex sentence) ●答案： 7. If you want me to clean your windows， please give me a week‘s notice， for I am very busy this month. ●解题关键： (1) 了解compound-complex sentence(并列复合句)的构成：顾名思义，compound-complex sentence(并列复合句)是由复合句并列而形成的。
具体地说，compound-complex sentence(并列复合句)可以是一个简单句与一个主从复合句用并列连接词连接起来的，也可以是两个主从复合句的并列 (2) 第7题原句中的第一个句子是含有条件状语。