家用电动类食物处理器具的安全要求,Presented by: Dreamer Yang (杨华国)E-mail: Tel: 020-82139455 Dec. 26, 2012,Welcome to this seminar,Your Global Partner in Quality!,ETL 是大发明家爱迪生于1896年创办的.,我们是按照 ANSI/UL/CSA等标准来做认证测试的.,常用电动类食物处理器具的标准,ANSI/UL982 Motor-Operated Household Food Preparing Machines (Sixth Edition Rev.Jun. 09, 2010)ANSI/UL763 Motor-Operated Commercial Food Preparing Machines (4th Edition Rev. Oct. 24, 2012)CSA C22.2 No.195 Motor Operated Food Processing Appliances (Household and Commercial) Rev. 2009CSA C22.2 No.1335.2.14 Portable Electrical Motor-Operated and Heating Appliances: Particular Requirements for Electrical Motor-Operated Kitchen Appliances (Consumer & Commercial Products) (Rev. 2008),主要内容,适用范围结构要求性能测试说明书和名牌生产线上的测试常见不良结构分析问题与回答,适用范围,家用电动类食物处理,短时间运行的器具.线连接或永久连接,标称电压为120V的器具.带充电座的电池供电的器具.若器具带有加热功能,则同时还要另外考虑相关烹饪类的标准.,适用范围 典型器具,Food processor,blender,Wand type mixer,Food mixer,适用范围 典型器具,Coffee mill,Food chopper,coffee grinder,适用范围 典型器具,reamer type juicer,centrifugal juicer,can opener,适用范围 典型器具,Meat slicer,Knife sharpener,Ice cream freezer,适用范围 典型器具,Liquid mixer,Meat grinder,Baby-food chopper,适用范围,SummaryQuestions & answer,结构要求,外壳过流保护电源线连接内部布线电气绝缘元件和组装带电部件马达开关电气间隙接地避免对人体伤害的保护(Protection against personal injury),外壳,所有的带电和运动部件(除功能部件外)需要被包围在外壳内.如果UL测试手指通过外壳的任何小于25.4 mm的开孔不能触及到没有绝缘的导体或漆包线，则接受这样的开孔.对于大于25.4 mm的开孔,如果在下图二的开口范围内无裸露的带电部件和漆包线,则是可以接受的.(X等于五倍的最大能插进开口圆棒的直径)在考虑带电和运动部件的可接触性要求时，不需要用工具就能去除的部件需要被移除.,外壳,Test Finger,外壳,对于自动控制的器具,其应带有防止熔融金属,燃烧颗粒等掉落到支撑面上, 通常可以用Barrier 来达到这一要求, 但barrier必须符合下图要求.,外壳,非金属外壳的防火等级应至少为HB, HWI等级应至少为4.不产生点弧的带电部件到非金属外壳的距离应至少为0.8 mm,若距离小于0.8 mm则其应满足UL746C的要求.产生点弧的带电部件(开关触片,马达换向器)到非金属外壳的距离应至少为12.7 mm,若距离小于12.7 mm(但是不得小于0.8 mm),则其应满足HAI等级应至少为1的要求.对于家用的,便携式的,间歇性运行的, 有人照看的器具,其非金属外壳的温度至少可以耐80度的温度.以下将分别对非金属材料的防火等级,HWI, HAI 专门讲解.,外壳,外壳,外壳,外壳How to read yellow card for polymeric material?,外壳,电源连接,电源线类型便携式/橱柜式/墙上安装式产品: HPN, SPT-2, SVO, SVT, SVTO 或同等类型.电动刀和充电式产品(充电时不能用)： SPT-1 也可以用.手持式产品（重小于): .Rated voltage not less than that of the appliance and have suitable ampacity.对于室外使用的器具其电源线至少应为SJW or SJTW.电源线的大小应至少为18AWG.,Power supply connections,Cord length电源线长度Hand-supportedmCountertop operationmWall-mountedmAttachment plug电源插头2-wire polarized type两线极性插头3-wire grounding type三线接地型插头,Power supply connections,Strain relief(电源线拉力测试）Metal clamp may be use on SPT-1, SPT-2, SVT & SVTO cords protected by varnished-cloth tubing, vulcanized fiber under the clamp, thermoplastic tubing is not acceptable for thermoplastic cords. Nonmetallic clamp may be directly used on SPT-1, SPT-2, SVT & SVTO flexible cords without tubing. cord shall be restrained from any rotation that will cause movement of internal wiring at splices and terminals电源线需要经受拉力测试（156N，1分钟，无位移.推力测试（力施加于电源线1 inchN的力被应用).一般情况下拉力测试较难通过，建议电源线在使用线扣的同时，再使用一个UL结，这样测试会容易通过.,Internal wiring,内部线要有可靠的保护, 通常要用外壳包围住.Thermoplastic insulated wire employed for internal wiring shall be standard building wire or appliance-wiring material that is provided with insulation appropriate for the purpose.内部线要远离锐边,毛刺,及运动部件,内部线穿过金属外壳的孔时通常要加线护套, 或者该孔的表面要加工的非常光滑.所有的内部线要避免与温度高的部件(如晶体管的散热片)接触,除非其耐温值足够高.所有的内部线的连接要可靠,焊接一定要勾焊.内部线的相关电气规格不应小于器具的规格.,带电部件和电气绝缘,载流部件的材料通常为银,铜,铜合金等其他同等的材料, 不锈钢也可以用来当作载流部件.带电部件通常要可靠固定,不能转动和移动,单靠表面之间的摩擦来防止带电部件的转动是不接受的,用梅花介子是可以接受的.支撑带电部件的材料应该是具有能抗湿性的性能.支撑带电部件的塑胶材料应该符合UL746C 的要求.固定易碎性的绝缘部件应该不能太紧,以避免该部件裂开.所有用做绝缘的Tube, 都要求有认证.,MOTOR 马达,常见的几种马达,Series motor,DC motor,MOTOR 马达,常见的几种马达,Syc motor,SP motor,MOTOR 马达马达材料的选用,支撑除magnet wire 以外的带电部件的材料,MOTOR 马达马达材料的选用,支撑magnet wire 的材料做随机测试的马达只能当class A 绝缘来看待.高过class A 的绝缘系统要按UL1446 来做绝缘系统的认证.,MOTOR 马达马达的过载保护,自动控制器具的马达应该提供过载保护, 并且其要符合UL2111的测试.Creamer freezer, butter churn的马达应该提供过载保护, 并且其要符合UL2111的测试.对于其他带有马达热保护的非自动控制器具,其要能经受赌马达测试等相关测试,并且其要符合UL2111的limited short circuit 测试.For appliances provided with an automatic reset or user-resettable overload-protective device where automatic restarting would result in a risk of injury to persons, each of three representative appliances shall be energized and have their rotors stalled until the overloadprotective device opens. While still energized, and the rotor no longer stalled, the representative appliances shall then be allowed to cool down until the overload-protective device closes. The representative appliance shall not automatically restart or have the possibility of accidentally being restarted. A distinct and deliberate motion shall be required to restart the representative appliance.,开关和控制器,过流保护器应接在器具的L线端, 但对于1Hp的便携式非自动启动的120V的器具,并且如果过流保护器只是充当一个补充的保护装置, 则可以不符合以上要求.开关的电流和电压rating值应不小于器具的电流和电压rating值.对于非点触式开关,应该明确标示ON,OFF位置.若便携式器具带有一个大于1/3 马力的马达,则该器具必须提供一个开关来控制马达的ON/OFF.器具不能带有through-cord switch.对于手动的,线连接的单极开关,可控硅或其他控制器(都是用于器具的ON/OFF 目的),应该连接到火线上(Ungrounded conductor).对于电子式开关(通常是通过可控硅或继电器来实现),器具处于stand-by 的状态下, 任何一个电子元器件失效, 不能触发器具, 除非没有危险的运动部件可以触及到.(例外: 器具带有一个机械开关, 并且加一个在stand-by 状态下闪动的红色指示灯是可以接受的).器具的互锁开关是不能用test finger触发的.,Spacing电气间隙,Spacings between field wiring terminal of opposite polarity, and the spacing between a field .Spacings at other than field wiring terminals，refer to f。