《2022年定语从句要点》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《2022年定语从句要点(4页珍藏版)》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、精品资料欢迎下载定语从句要点1. 定语从句:在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。2. 先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。3. 关系词:代替先行词,起连接先行词和定语从句的作用(两个句子必需要有连词连接)。关系代词:(代词)代替先行词,在定语从句中作主/宾 /表。关系词关系副词:(副词)代替先行词,在定语从句中作状语。1. 先行词为人( sb): who, whom, that, whose, as 关系代词2. 先行词为物( sth): which, that, whose, as 关系副词: when where why4. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:1. 限制性定语从句
2、(无逗号隔开)定语从句2. 非限制性定语从句(有逗号隔开)1. 限制性定语从句,对先行词起限制修饰作用,是先行词必不可少的部分,如果去掉了定语从句,先行词就不完整,在翻译时,翻译成一个句子,关系词不翻译。2. 非限制性定语从句,是对先行词起补充说明作用,非限制性定语从句可有可无,省略非限制性定语从句之后,主句仍然是完整的。翻译时,翻译成两个句子,先翻译主句,再翻译从句。Eg: My father, who works in a factory, is kind. 我的爸爸很善良,他在一家工厂工作。5. 定语从句中,关系代词的省略:在限制性定语从句中,关系代词在定语从句中作动词或介词宾语时,可省
3、略关系代词。 在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词不能省略。6. 关系代词引导的定语从句1. 在限制性定语从句中,who 代替先行词在定语从句中作主/宾 /表均可,如 who 作宾语可省略。2. 在非限制性定语从句中,who 代替先行词在定语从句中只能作主语 ,且不能省略。 1. 在限制性定语从句中,whom 代替先行词,在定语从句中作宾/表,如作 宾语 可省略。whom2. 在非限制定语从句中,whom 代替先行词,在定语从句中作宾/表,但不能省略。sb3. 先行词为人时,在介词 +关系代词 中只能用 whom,不能用 who 和 that。1. 只能用于限制性定语从句中,不能用于非限制性定语从句
4、中,that 也不能用于 介词 + that关系代词 (没有介词 + that 的情况)。2. 在限制性定语从句中,that 代替先行词,在定语从句中作主/宾 /表,如作宾语可省略。1. 在限制性定语从句中,which 代替先行词,在定语从句中作主/宾/表,如作 宾语 可省略。which2. 在非限制定语从句中,which 代替先行词,在定语从句中作主/宾/表,但不可省略,即使作宾语也不可省略。sth 3. 先行词为物时,在介词 +关系代词 中,只能用which, 不能用 whom/that。1.只能用于限制性定语从句中,不能用于非限制性定语从句中,that 也不能用于 介词 +关系that
5、代词 。 (没有介词 + that 的情况)2.在限制性定语从句中,that 代替先行词,在定语从句中作主/宾/表,如作宾语可省略that。7. 如何区分主从句?who精品p d f 资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品资料欢迎下载1).抓住表示时态的动词2).看哪个动词前有连词3)连词和后面的动词构成从句,动词前没有连词的那个动词就应是主句的谓语8. 关系副词: where, when, why 1). n(时间) + when: 先行词为时间名词,并且when 代替先行词在
6、定语从句中作时间状语Eg : The day when I went to school is Sept.1st. 2). n(地点 )+ where: 先行词为地点名词,并且where 代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语Eg: The factory (that )I visited last year is old. The factory where I worked years ago is old. 3). n (the reason)+ why: 先行词为the reason, 并且 why 代替 the reason 在定语从句中作原因状语,只能用于限制性定语从句中,在非限制性定语
7、从句中,先行词为the reason只能用 for which, 不能用 why. The reason why he was late was that he got up late. 9. 关系副词 =介词(由定语从句谓语和先行词而定)+ which(关系代词 ) +主 +谓Where = in/ on/ at+ which + 主+谓When = in/on+ which + 主+谓Why = for which + 主+谓Eg: This is the house where Luxun lived. =This is the house in which Luxun lived. =
8、This is the house (which/that) Luxun lived in. 是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替? 只有当介词 +关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时,才能用关系副词代替。10. whose N (N s. + n+ v) + V Eg: The boy whose father is a worker is Tom. The book whose cover is red is good. whose + n (无冠词 ) N ( 人/物) the + n + of which 物whom 人of which/whom+the + n 11. 定
9、语从句修饰名词或代词。状语从句修饰主句谓语动词。名词性从句,从句作为一个整体在句中作主、宾、表、同位语。三大从句:定语从句(形容词性从句)状语从句(副词性从句)主语从句名词性从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句注意 : how, what 不能引导定语从句,只能引导名词性从句(主语/宾语 /表语从句)。12. as 引导的定语从句在定语从句中,当先行词前有such, as, so 修饰时 ,关系代词 用 as. 精品p d f 资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品资料欢迎下载such
10、 a + adj + n + that如此 以至于 。that 引导结果状语从句,that 只作引导词,不充当任何成分,但又不能省略。 (不缺主宾). so + adj + a + n + that如此 以至于 。that 引导结果状语从句,that 只作引导词,不充当任何成分,但又不能省略。 (不缺主宾). that 只作引导词,引导结果状语从句,不充当任何成分,但又不能省略。(不缺主宾) .such + a + adj + n + as as引导定语从句,在从句中作主/宾/表,但不能省略。 (缺主或缺宾).Eg: He is such a good teacher that we all
11、love and respect him. He is such a good teacher as we all love and respect. The same +n +that 同一的The same +n +as 同样的Eg: This is the same pen as I lost. (同样的,不是我的) This is the same pen that I lost. (同一的,是我的)13as 和 which 引导的非限制性定语从句的区别共同点 : as和 which 都代替主句陈述的整件事情或主句的部分内容。(先行词不是主句中的某个名词,而是整个主句或主句的部分内容。
12、)Eg: As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China./ Taiwan is part of China, as is known to all. Mary received a gift from her boss, which made her very happy. 不同点 :a. 位置不同 :as 从句可放在句首,句中,句末,位置灵活。which 从句,不能放在句首,只能放在句中或句末。b. 意思不同: as翻译成 “ 正如 ” ,which 翻译成 “这,这一点 ” 。c. as从句和主句意思一致, which 从句往往与主句意思相反。d.
13、 as通常用于被动语态中,which 通常用于主动语态中。14特殊:1. 当先行词为situation, scene, position, point, spot, case 等时,如果定语从句主宾表不缺,一般我们用where或 in which 引导。2. 先行词是one of+ n(复数) + 关系代词 + are the/the only/ the very one of+ n(复数) + 关系代词 + is 3. 当先行词为the way 时如果 定语从句中缺主/宾/表 , the way 在定语从句中作主/宾 /表时,用关系代词that/which, 如作宾语可省略。The way
14、that/which +( 缺/主/宾/表) 如果定语从句中不缺主/宾/表,the way 在定语从句中不作主/宾/表,只能作方式状语,没有相应的关系副词,只能用in which 或 that, in which 或 that, 均可省略。4. 先行词为交通工具时,不用by which, 而用 in which 或 on which The car in which The bus in which The plane on which 15在非限制性定语从句中,定语从句的主语或宾语是先行词的一部分时,用代词或数词+ of + which/ whom Eg: I have ten books,
15、 five of which are interesting. =I have ten books, of which five are interesting. He has two sons, one of whom is a doctor. = He has two sons, of whom one is a doctor. 注意 : He has two sons, one of whom is a doctor. = He has two sons, and one of them is a doctor 精品p d f 资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - -
16、- - - - - - -第 3 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品资料欢迎下载= He has two sons; one of them is a doctor N, whose+ n = N, the + n+ of+ whom/which = N, of+ whom/which + the + n 16. 抽象名词表地点,如在定语从句中,作地点状语时,用where/in which 引导。17. 如果 vi+介词的汉语意思vi, 可以把介词提到关系代词前构成“介词 +关系代词”引导定语从句,如果 vi+介词的汉语意思vi, 则不能把介词拆开提到关系代词前。Eg: This is the house where/in which Lu Xun lived. This is the man to whom the book belongs. 定语从句解题步骤1分清主句和从句。2抓住定语从句谓语动词。3判断从句谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词。(如何判断?先行词如能放在动词之后构成动宾关系就是及物动词 ,如需加介词才能构成动宾关系就是不及物动词。)4 如是及