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1、精品资料欢迎下载第一讲名词性从句的用法名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词（ what where how who however 等）充当连接词所引导的从句，其功同名词一样；连接词作用whether 是否that 本身无词义 who, whom, whose which 哪一个what 什么，所 的when 什么时候， where 什么地方how 怎样、怎么， why 为什么一主语从句只起连接词作用，引导从句，在从句中不作任何成分在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语除了起连接词作用外，仍在从句中作状语主语从句是在
2、复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾；1. It 作形式主语和 it 引导强调句的比较It 作形式主语代替主语从句， 主要是为了平稳句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化；而 it 引导的强调句就是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that；被强调部分指人是也可用 who/whom；例如：It is a pity that you didn t go to see the film.It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.It is in the morning t
3、hat the murder took place.It is John that broke the window.2. 用 it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is 名词从句It is a fact that事实是 It is an honor that 特别荣幸It is common knowledge that(2) it is 形容词从句是常识It is natural thatIt is strange that很自然 古怪的是 (3) it is 不及物动词从句It seems that似乎It happened that碰巧(4) it 过去分词从句It is reporte
4、d that据报道 It has been proved that已证明 3. 主语从句不行位于句首的五种情形(1) if 引导的主语从句不行居于复合句句首；(2) It is said , reported结构中的主语从句不行提前；例如：It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. right That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. wrong(3) It happens , It occurs结构中的主语从句不行提前；例如：
5、It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. right That he failed in the examination occurred to him. wrong(4) It doesnt matter how/wheth结er构中的主语从句不行提前；例如：精品资料欢迎下载It doesnt matter whether he is nwgroor not. right Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. wrong(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不行提前；例如：
6、Is it likely that it will rain in the evening. right Is that will rain in the evening likely. wrong4. What 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区分What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 就不然；例如：1) What you said yesterday is right.2) That she is still alive is a consolation.二宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 （及物动词） 或介词之
7、后；1. 作动词的宾语(1) 由 that 引导的宾语从句（ that 通常可以省略） ,例如：I heard that be joined the army.(2) 由 what, whether if 引导的宾语从句，例如：1) She did not know what had happened.2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.(3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句；例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation.2. 作介词的宾语例如： Our success depen
8、ds upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3. 作形容词的宾语例如： I am afraid that Ive made a mistake. That 引导的从句常跟在以下形容词后作宾语：Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry,thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, conten等t
9、；也可以将此类词后的that从句的看作缘由状语从句；4. It 可以作为形式宾语It 不仅可以作为形式主语，仍可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句就放在句尾，特殊是在带复合宾语的句子中；例如：We heard it that she would get married next month.5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词这类动词有 Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive 等；这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不
10、行以用that 引导的宾语从句；例如：I admire their winning the match. rightI admire that they won the match. wrong6. 不行用 that 从句作直接宾语的动词有些动词不行用于 “动词间接宾语 that 从句“结构中，常见的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse,impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulat等e ；例如：He impressed the manager as an honest man. rightHe impresse
11、d the manager that he was an honest man. wrong7. 否定的转移如主句谓语动词为Think, consider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagin等e从句如含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用确定式；例如：I don t think this dress fits you we（ll.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿；）三表语从句，其后的宾语表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”；可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, re
12、main, seem等；引导表语从句的that 常可省略；另外，常用的仍有the reason is that和It is because 等结构；例如：1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we cant get the support of the people3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) The reason he is late for scho
13、ol is that he missed the early bus.四同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句；1. 同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步说明，说明名词的详细内容，一般由that 引导，例如：1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2. 同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不
14、紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开；例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区分(1) 定语从句中的that 既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的 that 是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分；(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特点； 同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明；例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom w
15、ould go abroad next ye（ar他.国；）（第一个that 引导的从句是定语从句，that 在从句中作宾语）告知我的消息是汤姆明年将出2) The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him（.句， that 在句中不作任何成分汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的；）（同位语从名词性从句专项练习35 题1. His success was because ofhe had been working hard.A. thatB. the fact whichC. the fact thatD. the fact2. “ Is Mary from New York City” “ I dont know.”A. from what city does she come fromB. from wh
