英语】英语句子结构与成分解题技巧及练习题(含答案)及解析一、句子结构与成分1.You may know all the words on the right, but which of the following carries meaning? A. A friend self is a second. B. A second is self a friend.C. A friend is a second self. D. Self a second is a friend.【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:你可能知道右面所有的单词,但是下列哪个句子是有意义的?second,第二个;friend,朋友;self,你自己;a,不定冠词表示数量一;C为正确选项,意为:朋友是另一个自己 【点评】考查连词成句先确定句意,根据语法知识将词连接成句2.Which of the following sentences is correct? A. He came in and sat down. B. We all like .C. When we met. He didn't say hello. D. We went out, headed for the bus stop.【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:下面那个句子是正确的。
A是简单句,came和sat是并列谓语,都是一般过去式,所以A正确B中的符号不符合英语习惯,在英语中没有书名号,表示书名时通常用斜体字形式C句的标点符号是错误的,把met后的句号改为逗号才符合复合句的定义D句中headed前应加上and或者将headed改为heading构成伴随状语因此选A点评】考查句法知识3.—What an interesting story she told us!—Yes, and her voice sounded ________.A. sweet B. small C. clearly D. sadly【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:——他给我们讲的是多么有趣的故事啊!——是的,她的声音听起来很甜美sweet甜的;small小的;clearly清楚地;sadly伤心地sound是系动词,后跟形容词,故选A点评】考查系表结构4.John calls his dog Eddie. The structure of the sentence is _______. A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意:约翰叫他的狗Eddie.这个句子的结构是_____________.根据句子可知这个句子的结构是:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。
故答案为D点评】考查句子成分牢记句子成分5.What is the sentence pattern(句型)of the sentence"Linda bought a book yesterday."? A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V +IO +DO D. S+V+O+OC【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意:"Linda bought a book yesterday."属于哪种句型A是主谓结构;B是主谓宾结构;C是主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语;D是主谓+宾语+宾补Linda是主语(S);bought是谓语动词(V),a book是宾语(O);故答案为C点评】考查简单句的基本结构6.The boy_______ black hair_______ a blue coat. A. has; has B. with; in C. has; wears D. with; wears【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意:留着黑头发的男孩穿着一件蓝色大衣。
一个句子中不能出现两个谓语动词故选项A和C错误,B选项两个介词,放在句中缺少谓语动词,with具有,with black hair留着黑头发,介词短语修饰主语the boy, wear穿着,谓语动词,根据主语the boy,wear用第三人称单数结构,故选D点评】此题考查句子结构成分注意句子的成分和句子的结构7.Dora's dream is ________ an English teacher when she grows up. A. for being B. to being C. to be D. be【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意:Dora的梦想是当她长大时成为一名英语老师to do不定式做表语,故选C点评】考查to do不定式做表语8.______ cold in winter in Liaocheng. A. It B. Its C. It's D. it's【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:聊城的冬天是寒冷的。
A.它;B.它的;C.它是;D.它是根据句子可知缺少主语和谓语,排除A、B句首单词首字母大写,故选C 【点评】考查句子结构,注意平时识记,理解句意9.I ________ Beijing five year ago. A. live in B. lived in C. lived on D. has living on【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意:五年前我住在北京根据five year ago可知用一般过去时,简单句,主语+不及物动词,live,不及物动词,住,in,在……地方,故选B点评】考查主语+不及物动词,注意句子时态10.What he ________ does not matter. A. says B. saying C. say D. said【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意:他讲的没什么关系。
简单句,主语+不及物动词,say,不及物动词,讲,故选D点评】考查主语+不及物动词,注意句子时态11."Those sweet memories of summer days are about quiet streams and trees and shade." The main structure of the sentence is . A. S+V B. S+V+DO+OC C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+P【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:这些关于夏天甜美的记忆主要是宁静的溪流、树和影子A、 S+V=Subject (主语) + Verb (谓语) ;B、 S+V+DO+OC=主语+谓语+宾语+宾补;C、 S+V+IO+DO =Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+ Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语) ;D、S+V+P=subject+verb+predicate ,属于主系表结构;该句是主系表结构,主语是: Those sweet memories of summer days,系动词are+表语,即剩下的部分,用于说明主语,故选D。
【点评】考查句子结构,注意主谓宾结构的句子的用法12.He was also famous philosopher. (选出定语) A. He B. also C. famous D. philosopher【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:他是如此著名的哲学家定语是来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质和特征的,famous,著名的,形容词,作定语修饰名词philosopher哲学家,故选C 【点评】此题考查句子成分根据要确定的句子成分,分析句子结构,选出正确答案13.I feel very lonely, and my eyes fill with tears. (选出表语) A. feel B. lonely C. my eyes D. fill【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:我感到很孤独,我的眼中充满泪水。
feel,感觉,系动词,后面跟形容词作表语,lonely意为孤单的,形容词,作表语 【点评】此题考查句子的结构成分根据句子的结构确定每个划线部分在句子中充当的成分,选出正确答案14.If you go there, you can ______.A. by bus B. go on foot C. take with a car D. by train to go【答案】B 【解析】【分析】根据句子成分,on f。