Unit 1 School life Grammar,一、句 子的成份,1、主语 2、谓语 3、宾语 4、表语 5、状语 6、补语 7、定语,,主语补足语 宾语补足语,Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. He was shot dead,He thought it important. He pushed the door open.,He lives in London. Shall we do it tomorrow?,She is a beautiful girl. She is an experienced teacher.,由动词构成，注意时态语态的一致,用在 vt 的后面，是动作的承受者,用在 link-v后面，表述主语的特征、状态 、身份等,修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句句子,二、句 子的种类,1、简单句 (只有一个谓语动词),2、并列句 (有两个谓语动词以上，用并列连词连接起来，他们的地位是平列的),3、复合句 (有连个以上的谓语动词，其中一个是主句的谓语动词，其他都是从句的谓语动词 ),She is laughing. She opened the door. She is a girl.,主 + 谓（vi） 主 + 谓（vt） + 宾 主 + 谓 (link-v) +表,She is a girl and he is a boy. She is a girl and comes from Beijing. She is clever but doesn’t work hard.,I didn’t go out because it rained a lot. I want to be a doctor when I grow up.,三、从句：,1、This is true. what he said is true.,,,,主语从句,2、This is true. This is what I want to say.,,,,表语从句,5、She is a beautiful girl. She is a girl who is beautiful.,3、I know this boy. I know what you mean.,,,,宾语从句,4、she lives in London. she lives where there is big tree.,状语语从句,,,,,,,,定语从句,The Attributive Clause,1.定义：attributive clause is clause to modify a nun or pron in a complex sentence.,,2.关键词：先行词， 关系代词，关系副词,eg.This is the car which he bought last year.,先行词,,定语从句,,,,关系代词,eg.This is the house where I lived.,,,,先行词,关系副词,定语从句,关系代词:,关系副词：,who whom that which whose,when where why,Relative pron: （引导定语从句，并在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语）,,主: who that 宾: who whom that 定: whose,,B: referring to an object:,,主: which that 宾: which that 定: whose,,A: referring to a person:,不管是人作宾语还是物宾语 关系代词都可以省略。
1.That middle-aged woman ________ is talking to the headmaster is our new teacher. 2.The guest _______________ we had been waiting for finally arrived. 3.Do you know the boy _______________ your daughter writes to. 4.I know a young man ______ sister is a nurse in that hospital. 5.The girl _______ life he saves is now a college student. 6.This book is for students ______ native language is not Chinese.,,,A:,who/that,who/ whom/that/( ),who/ whom/that( ),whose,whose,whose,先行词为人,1.Have you got the present _________ came this morning. 2.In the week __________followed I got to know the young man quite well. 3.Thank you very much for the present____________ you sent me. 4.Is this the place _____________ we are going to visit? 5.It was the meeting _____ importance I did not realize at the time. 6.We visited a few factories _____ products had a good market in china today.,B:,that/which,that/which,that/ which/(),that/ which/(),whose,whose,先行词为物,that 的特殊用法： 先行词为all everything anything nothing any more one等不定代词（指物） 先行词被all every no some any little much 等词修饰（指物） 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰 或者先行词本身为序数词或最高级。
先行词被the only, the last, the very, the same 等修饰的时候 先行词既有人又有物 主句是以who 或which 等开头的特殊疑问句 关系代词在定于中做表语 先行词为time(次数)和way(方法)时,先行词是way 后面关系代词可以是that / in which / ( ),,I did everything ____ I could to help you. He told me all _____ he knows There is little _____ remains to be said. Is there any question ______ troubles you much No film ____ I have seen is better than this one. The first English novel ______ I read was Robinson Crusoe. This is one of the most exciting football games _____ I have ever seen. The only thing _____ we would do is to gather all our money to help the sick. The last place ______ we visited in the countryside was a farm. He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited. Who ___ has seen the TV film doesn’t admire it? Which is the best book _____ you can find? He is not the man ___ he used to be. My hometown is not the village____ it used to be Is this the first time ____ you’ve come to China? This is the way _____ we looked after the orphan. I didn’t like the way_____ she spoke to me.,I， who_____ (be) your close friend, will try my best to help you out. He who______ (do) not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. Mr. Herpin is one of the foreigners who ____ (be) working in China. Mr. smith is the only one of the those foreigners who _____ (be) working in China.,主谓一致,1.从句中谓语要注意和先行词保持数和时态上的一致 2. one of … 复数 the (only) one of … 单数,am,does,are,is,,Relative adverb: （引导定语从句，并在从句中充当状语成分）,表时间: when 表地点: where 表原因: why (先行词为reason),注：但在不少情况下，可以不用when，特别是在某些句型和某些状语从句中可用that引导定语从句或可以省略when It was the first time that I had serious trouble with my boss. She made me feel at home the moment( the day/time) I arrived.,I still remember the day ________ I first got to Paris. There are moments ________ I forget all about it. This is the hour ___________ the place is full of children. This is the place_________ I first met Mr. Robinson. I always wanted to have a single room ________ I could do my home work. This is the desk________ I put my book. They went to the place________ they believed they could find some fruit. That is the reason__________ I didn’t join their group. That was the reason _________ Mac refused to speak at the meeting.,when,when,when,where,where,where,why,why,where,,I will never forget the day。