初中英语语法专题定语从句考点和学习方法超详细 限制性定语从句考点与学习方法学习方法：拆分法连接词从句的单复数与主被动 定语从句的连接词考点（关系副词、关系代词）基础考点:对人、物分别做主格、宾格的考点That问题（1、that对主格、宾格互换2、that的三加三不加）连接词的省略问题（必须同时满足对宾格提问、介词后置)宾格时的介词前置与后置关系代词与关系副词的区别(where为代表的重点句型） 定语从句---•啥叫定语:修饰方式也•啥叫从句•啥叫定语从句 定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词以分词、介词短语为例） 例： Mary is a beautiful girl. The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was a drunk. 拆分法—拆、找、合•一个戴眼镜的女孩在上课•拆：拆成有同一个字的两个句子•一个女孩在上课，这个女孩戴眼镜。
•找：找同一字•翻译句子 the girl is having class; the girl wears glasses•根据特殊疑问句的知识，在第二句找出特殊疑问词•the girl wears glasses—who•合：把特殊疑问句紧挨着同一字放上去•The girl who wears glasses is having class 拆分法学定语从句•这个戴眼镜的学生在吃饭•拆：拆成有两个同一词的两个句子•这个学生在吃饭，这个学生戴眼镜•The student is having dinner, the student wears glasses•找: the student wears glasses---who•合: The student who wears glasses is having dinner •我们用我05年买的电脑•拆：We use the computer, I bought the computer in 2005.•找： I bought the computer in 2005.—which•合； We use the computer which/that/不填 I bought in 2005. •我在街上遇到了这个我以前在上海交的朋友•1 我在街上遇到了这个朋友，•2 我以前在上海交朋友•I met the friend on the street. I made the friend in Shanghai.•Who/Whom I made in Shanghai.•I met the friend who I made in Shanghai on the street 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值Join two sentences into one: The boy is my brother. He helped me.1. The boy who helped me is my brother. The film is interesting. They saw it last night. 2. The film they saw last night is interesting. The students will not pass the exam. They don’t work hard.3.The students who don’t work hard will not pass the exam. 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值定语从句用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句所修饰的名（代）词叫作先行词定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面1. The students (who don’t study hard) will not pass 先行词 定语从句the exam.主句: The students will not pass the exam.2. The woman (whom you saw in the park) is our 先行词 定语从句English teacher.主句: The woman is our English teacher.从句的主语： you从句的宾语：whom 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值3. A shoe shop is a shop (which sells shoes).主句：A shoe shop is a shop.从句的主语: which4. The book (that you want) is on the desk.主句从句的主语: 从句的宾语：The book is on the desk.youthat引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有that, which,whowhom等。
关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份The man (that/who told us a funny story) is in the next room.主语I lost the book(( that/which ) you gave me). 宾语 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值归纳：that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语 which,指物，作主语或宾语 who, whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去1) A plane is a machine ________________ can fly.2) The car _______________________ my uncle bought last week was stolen.3) The students ________________ don’t study hardwill not pass the exam.4) The woman ___________________ you saw inthe park is our English teacher.5) He talked happily about the men and books______________ interested him greatly in the school.which/thatwhich/that/ / /who/thatwhom/that/ / /that 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值 判断下列引导词在句中的用法 Eg:1.He is such a man who never tells a lie. 2. He is the model worker whom/who we should learn from. 3. A dictionary is a book which often helps us to know the meanings of the words. 4. This is the film which I like best. 5. The boy whose father is a professor is one of my best friends.指代、所作成分、是否可省略 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值1. That book that you want it is on the desk. 2. Is this factory that we visited last week?the oneThis factory is the one that we visited last week?3. He is the person for whom you are looking. for4. The person to whom you talked is Lily. The person whom you talked to is Lily.归纳：1定语从句要避免成分重复 2定语从句要避免漏用先行词 3含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开 关系代词的用法√√√√√√√√√√√√××××关系代词在从句中可以：何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略 第三部分：thatthat问题 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值关系代词which和that的区别：A.关系代词必须用that的情形：This is the best film that I have ever seen.The first man arrived at the class was our headteacher.This is the only ticket that I got yesterday.This is the very book that I’m looking for.Is there anything that I can do for you?All that you have to do is to press the button.There is no time that we can waste.The car and its driver that knocked down the old lady have been taken to the police station. v 有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which 定语从句中需注意事项（一） 1.从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或 序数词修饰时,只能用that引导从句.•This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard.•The first meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon. 2. 先行词是all, something, nothing, anything不定代词时,只能用that.•Here is something( that) I will tell you.• Not all that glitters is gold. 3.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that引出从句 •I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see. 4.先行词是one of,the one, 或用much, little, few, no, any 作修饰，用that§ Is it the one that you want ?§We haven’t got much that you can offer us. 5.当主句已有疑问词 who或which时，关系词用that• Which is the bike that you lost?• Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值Summarize: 只能用thatthat引导定语从句的几种情况1)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。
2）先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时3)先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等.4）先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰5）先行词既有人又有物时 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值B.指物时，作介词的宾语，关系代词只能用whichThis is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值Fill in the gaps:1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle_______ were in the fields.2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _______ is in front of our school gate.3.This is the very thing ______ I was looking for.4.This is the second novel ______ I have ever read.5.There is nothing in the world _______ can frightenme.6.Who is the man _______ is reading under the tree?7.My hometown is not the same one _______ it usedto be twenty years ago.thatthatthat//that//thatthatthat 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值Correct the following sentences:1.This is the best film which I have seen. 2.That’s all which want to say. This is the best film that I have seen. That’s all that I want to say. 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值3.Is there anything which you want in this shop? 4.He talked about some writers and books which/who were unknown to us all. 5.The room in that she lives is a large one. Is there anything that you want in this shop? He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all. The room in which she lives is a large one. 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值Corrections:1. The man just said hello to me is my chemistry teacher. who2. Who is the comrade you just shook hands with him. 3. Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.( where which) 4. This is the best dictionary which I have ever used.( which that) 5. The house where we live in is not very large.( where which/that) 6. The house that it was built in 1970 stayed up inthe earthquake. 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值“介词＋关系代词”即“介词＋whom/which”引导定语从句应注意：1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A.与先行词的搭配关系1）I will never forget the day _____________ I joined the army.2) I will never forget the days ____________ I worked in the school.3) I will never forget the year ____________ my sonwent to college.4) I got home at 7:00 p.m. yesterday, ____________ most people had had supper.on whichduring whichin whichby which 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值B. 与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Have you found the book ____________ I paid29 US dollars?2) Have you found the book _____________ I spent29 US dollars?3) Have you found the book _____________ we learnt a lot?4) Have you found the book ____________ she often talks?for whichon whichfrom whichabout which 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值2. “介词＋whom/which”与 “whom/which/that/…＋介词”的转换。
1）The chair on which she is sitting is made of wood. The chair (which/that) she is sitting on is madeof wood.2) Is this the book which you are looking for?介词for不能与 look分开3. way作先行词1) The way (in which/that) he looks at the problems is wrong. Whose的用法•例：我喜欢去有悠久历史的地方•拆：I like to visit a place. The place’s history is long.•概念颠覆：•His book– whose book.•Tom’s book– whose book•The place’s history– whose history•找：The place’s history is long.—whose •合: I like to visit a place whose history is long.•例：Do you know the woman whose name is Mary.•例：Pass me the dictionary of which cover is black.•总结：whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语,修饰表示人或物的先行词. 对物可用whose, of which 两种 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值4. 表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介词of, 有时可用whose转换。
1) There are 100 teachers in our school, __________60 are women teachers.2) He has three children, two ___________ work asteachers.3) That table has four legs, all _____________ arevery short.4) I’m painting a house, the roof _____________ isround.I’m painting a house whose roof is...5) They live in a house ,_________ windows facesouth.They live in a house, the windows______________ face south. of whomof whomof whichof whichwhoseof which 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值用介词＋关系代词填空1 The boy was staying in the room ___________window he could climb down.2. He’s the man ____________ I learnt the news.3. Who’s the comrade ____________ you just shookhands.4. There are 52 students in our class, ___________nearly 40 are League members.5. I know a lady the husband ____________ is a Nobel Prize winner.6. Do you know the driver who caused the traffic accident ____________ a man was killed.7. This is the way __________ she studies English.through whosefrom whomwith whomof whomof whomin whichin which 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值 8. The 5 yuan_____________ he bought the book was given by his friend. 9. The story about Shakespeare, _________ this is one example , is well written. 10. The old man always wears his glasses _________ _________ he can’t see anything. 11.The key_________ she was opening the door broke. 12. The library ___________ we often go on Sundays is not far from our school. 13. No one know the reason _____________ she is leaving so early. 14. At last they came to a river _____________ a new bridge is being built. for whichof whichwithoutwhichwith whichto whichfor whichover which 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值关系代词引导的定语从句：Complete the following sentences:1. Is this the school _____________ you visited last year?Is this school ______ _____ you visited last year?2. He is one of the students who _____ good at maths.He is the only one of the students who _____ goodat maths.3. The girl _____ I think was honest lied to me.The girl ______ I think to be honest lied to me.4. China is no longer _______ she was 10 years ago.China is no longer the country ______ she was 10years ago.(that/which)the oneareiswhowhomwhatthat 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值5. The radio I bought yesterday is quite different from______ ______ you bought last month.The radio I bought yesterday is quite different from______ you bought last month.6. Do you still remember the hotel ____ ______ welived last summer holiday?Do you still remember the park ___________we visited last summer holiday?7. This is the room ____________ my grandmother used to lived in.This is the room ______ ______ my grandmother used to lived .the onewhatin which(that/which)(which/that)in which 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值8. He has two sons, and both of _____ work as actors.He has two sons, both of _____ work as actors.9.China has hundreds of islands, ____ _____ Taiwanis the largest.China has hundreds of islands, the largest____________ is Taiwan.10.This is the house _____ _____ the window wasbroken yesterday.This is the house _______ window was broken yesterday.11.He is the teacher _____ ______ help we havemade great progress.themwhomof whichofwhichof whichwhosewith whose 附加部分 ————关系副词 关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有 多重作用。
o 在从句中代替先行词o 在从句中作状语o 连接作用 关系副词有三种： where: 在从句中作地点状语,指代地点. when: 在从句中作时间状语,指代时间why: 在从句中作原因状语,指代原因 Ø关系副词的用法： 1.where 的用法：(先行词应是地点名词） The hotel wasn’t clean. + We stayed at the hotel. We stayedwhere.先行词关系词从句＝=The hotel where we stayed wasn’t clean. 时间状语when•例:我总是记得我们相遇的那一天•拆：我总是记得那一天我们相遇在那一天•I always remember the day. We met on the day.•找：on the day– when•合: I always remember the day when we met. 原因状语why—固定句型the reason why…•例：这就是你总是迟到的原因。
•This is the reason why you are late. •例：这就是我邀请你参加晚会的原因•This is the reason why I invite you to take part in the party. 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值关系副词when, where, why的用法1.Do you still remember the day whenwe went to visit the museum together?Do you still remember the day on whichwe went to visit the museum together? 2.This is the factory wheremy father once worked. This is the factory in whichmy father once worked. 3.This is the reason whyhe was late. This is the reason for which he was late. 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值Summarize:在定语从句中关系副词都等于一个适当的介词加上which，在从句中作状语When=in/at/on/…+which;Where=in/at/on/…+which;Why=for /…+which 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值Fill in the blanks.1. I still remember the day _________ we spent inthe forest.2. I still remember the day ____________ I first came to Beijing.3. The factory _________ we will visit is large.4. The factory ___________ his father works is large.5. I’ll never forget the time _____________ we work on the farm.6. This is the house ____________ we lived last year.that/whichwhen/on whichthat/whichwherewhen/at whichwhere/in which归纳:关系副词when指时间,关系副词where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。
即使先行词是时间地点,若作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that, which. 资金是运动的价值，资金的价值是随时间变化而变化的，是时间的函数，随时间的推移而增值，其增值的这部分资金就是原有资金的时间价值Practice: 1.---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. --- Is that the reason_______ you had a few days off? A.why B. when C. what D. where 2.I’m going to visit the school _________ my mother taught physics ten years ago. A.where B. that C. which D. what 3.Do you still remember the day ___________ I first came to Beijing? A. which B. that C. when D. where AAC •1Friends are those make you smile, always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed.•A. which B. what C. whom D. who•2It’s quite common in Britain to say “Thank you” to the drivers for people get off the bus.•A. who B. what C. which D. where•3---Barbara, where do you work?• ---I work for a company sells cars.•A. which B. where C. what D. who•4---Do you know Hong Zhanhui?• ---Yes. He’s the college student has moved Chinese people.•A. who B. which C. what D. whom •5Jamie is a young cook wants to improve school dinners.•A. who B. whose C. whom D. which•6---- Do you know the girl in red is?• ----I’m not sure. Maybe a teacher.• A. when B. how C. where D. what•7Paul’s uncle is the man taught us math last year.•A. where B. which C. who D. when•8The whole world is fighting against the H1N1, a disease has caused many deaths.•A. who B. which C. whom D. what •9Is that the man helped us a lot after the earthquake.• A. whose B. which C. when D. who•10---The duty of Project Hope is to help poor children, isn’t it?• ----Yes, it has built many schools those children can study happily.• A. where B. when C. which D. what•11The panda is a kind of animal can be found only in China.• A. who B. whose C. which D. where•12__have finished the work can leave.•A. Those who B.Any one •C. The one who D. which •13I like the music I can dance to.• A. that B. whose C. when D. how•14---Is the girl is interviewing the manager of that company your friend?• ---Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV.• A. whom B. which C. who D. whose•15 I like to visit a place history is long.•A. which B. that C. whose D. who•16The number of people lost their lives in Indonesian earthquake reached as many as 6200.• A. which B. who •C. whom D. whose •17a robot is a machine can do some difficult work instead of man.•A. who B. / C. that D. what•18--Excuse me, can I have a talk with your manager?• ----Yes? I am just the man you are looking for.• A. whose B. what C. who D. which•19Rosa likes music is quiet and gentle.• A. when B. that C. where D. who•20The book he bought yesterday is very interesting.• A. / B. why C. when D. what •21 I’m a football fan. I’m interested in everything is about the 2006 World Cup.• A. who B. that C. where D. when•22My parents usually buy me some simple clothes can last a long time.• A. who B. that C. whom D. whose•23---Do you like the red car is made in Tianjin?• ----Sure, it looks terrific.• A. where B. who C. which D. when •1.D.考点分析:先行词之人且在从句中作主语是，关系代词用who.•2.A.考点分析:people是定语从句的先行词，指人，且在定语从句中作主语，故关系代词用who.•3.A.考点分析:先行词是a company, 所以关系代词用which.•4.A.考点分析:先行词是the college student大学生，是指人，且在从句中作主语，故选择who.•5.A.考点分析:先行词是Jamie,是人，且在从句中作主语。
•6.D.考点分析:由答语teacher得知，是询问职业，故用what.•7.C.考点分析:先行词为the man,且在从句中作主语，故用who.•8.B.考点分析:先行词是a disease, 指物，关系代词应用which或that.•9.D.考点分析:先行词是the man, 且在从句中作主语，故用who.•10.A.考点分析:先行词是many schools, 表地点，在从句中作地点状语，故用where.•11.C.考点分析:本句先行词是animal, 是物，故用which.•12.A.考点分析:主句主语为those, 谓语为can leave. Those又是后面who引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词关系代词的意义、人称、数相当于先行词定语从句谓语为现在完成时态，助动词have表明，先行词应为复数。