ReadingBusinessEnglishJournalArticlesIntroduction陈曦 U.S.-basedNewspapersThe New York TimesThe New York TimesThe Washington PostThe Washington PostLos Angeles TimesLos Angeles TimesUSA TODAYTHEWALLSTREETJOURNALTHEWALLSTREETJOURNALTHE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITORTHE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR INTERNATIONALINTERNATIONAL Herald TribuneHerald Tribune The The New New York York TimesTimes is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. It is owned by The New York Times Company, which publishes 18 other newspapers, including the International Herald Tribune. It is the largest metropolitan newspaper in the United States. Nicknamed the "Gray Lady" for its staid appearance and style, it is often regarded as a national newspaper of record, meaning that it is frequently relied upon as the authoritative reference for modern events. The The Washington Washington PostPost is the largest and most circulated newspaper in Washington, D.C. It is also one of the city's oldest papers, having been founded in 1877. It is widely considered to be one of the most important newspapers in the United States due to its particular emphasis on national politics. The Post has distinguished itself through its political reporting on the workings of the White House, Congress, and other aspects of the U.S. government. The Los Los Angeles Angeles TimesTimes (also known as the LA LA TimesTimes) is a daily newspaper published in Los Angeles, California and distributed throughout the Western United States. The The New New York York TimesTimes, The The Washington Washington PostPost, and Los Los Angeles TimesAngeles Times are the largest newspapers in USA. USA USA TodayToday is a national American daily newspaper, which also publishes international edition. The paper has the widest circulation of any newspaper in the United States (averaging over 2.25 million copies every weekday), and among English-language broadsheets, it comes second world-wide, behind only the 2.6 million daily paid copies of The Times of India.USA Today is distributed in all 50 states. The The Wall Wall Street Street JournalJournal (WSJWSJ) is an English-language international daily newspaper published by Dow Jones & Company in New York City with Asian and European editions. It has a worldwide daily circulation of more than 2 million as of 2006, with 931,000 paying online subscribers. The Journal newspaper primarily covers U.S. and international business and financial news and issues—the paper's name comes from Wall Street, the street in New York City that is the heart of the financial district. The The Christian Christian Science Science MonitorMonitor (CSM) is an international newspaper published daily, Monday through Friday. The paper does not use wire services and instead relies largely on its own reporters in nineteen coutries around the world.Despite the name, the CSM is a newspaper that covers current events around the world. The paper does not attempt to evangelize. International International Herald Herald TribuneTribune is a widely read English language international newspaper. It combines the resources of its own correspondents with those of The New York Times and is printed at 33 sites throughout the world, for sale in more than 180 countries. The IHT is part of The New York Times Company. It has been based in Paris since its founding in 1887. U.S.-basedMagazinesTIMETIMENewsweekNewsweekU.S. News & World ReportU.S. News & World ReportFortuneFortuneBusinessWeekBusinessWeekForbesForbes TIME TIME is a weekly American newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and U.S. News & World Report. A European edition is published from London. Time Europe covers the Middle East, Africa and, since 2003, Latin America. An Asian edition (Time Asia) is based in Hong Kong. Time publishes simultaneously in Canada, with separate advertising. The South Pacific edition, covering Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands, is based in Sydney. NewsweekNewsweek is an American weekly newsmagazine published in New York City. It is distributed throughout the United States and internationally. It is the second largest news weekly magazine in the U.S., having trailed Time in circulation and advertising revenue for most of its existence, although both are much larger than the third of America's prominent weeklies, U.S. News & World Report. Newsweek is published in four English language editions and 12 global editions written in the language of the circulation region. U.S. U.S. News News & & World World ReportReport is a weekly American newsmagazine. Along with Time and Newsweek, it is a leading American news weekly. The editorial staff of U.S.News & World Report is based in Washington, D.C., but the magazine is owned by U.S.News & World Report, L.P., which is based in the Daily News building in New York City.Conforming to the owner's political point of view, it tends to be more conservative than its two primary competitors, Time and Newsweek. FortuneFortune is a global business magazine.Fortune's primary competitors in the national business magazine category are Forbes, which is also published bi-weekly, and BusinessWeek. The magazine is especially known for its annual features ranking companies by revenue. BusinessWeekBusinessWeek is a business magazine published by McGraw-Hill. Since 1988, BusinessWeek has published annual rankings of United States business school MBA programs.In 2006, it also started publishing annual rankings of undergraduate business programs. ForbesForbes is an American publishing and media company. Its flagship publication, Forbes magazine, is published bi-weekly. The magazine is well-known for its lists, including its lists of the richest Americans (the Forbes 400) and its list of billionaires. The motto of Forbes magazine is "The Capitalist Tool." BritishNewspapers&MagazinesTHE TIMESTHE TIMES FINANCIAL TIMESFINANCIAL TIMES The Daily TelegraphThe Daily TelegraphThe EconomistThe Economist The The TimesTimes is a daily national newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785. It is traditionally a moderately centre-right newspaper and a supporter of the Conservatives.The newspaper was printed in broadsheet format for 200 years, but switched to compact size in 2004 in an attempt to appeal to younger readers. In May 2006, it announced plans to launch a United States edition, which began publishing on June 6, 2006. The Financial Financial TimesTimes (FTFT) is a British international business newspaper. It is a morning daily newspaper published in London. The FT has specialised in reporting business and financial news while maintaining an independent editorial outlook. On occasion it has attacked the financial policies of the British government. Circulation of the FT is said to be one of the world's highest among financial newspapers, second only to that of The Wall Street Journal The The Daily Daily TelegraphTelegraph is a British broadsheet newspaper, founded in 1855.Excepting the Financial Times, it is the only remaining daily newspaper printed on traditional newsprint in the broadsheet format in the United Kingdom.In October 2007, the Telegraph was the highest selling British quality paper, with a certified average daily circulation of 882,413, compared with a circulation of 642,895 for The Times.According to a survey conducted in 2004, 61% of Telegraph readers support the Conservative Party. The The EconomistEconomist is an English-language weekly news and international affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd and edited in London. It targets educated readers and boasts an audience containing many influential executives and policy-makers. The Economist's primary focus is world news, politics and business, but it also runs regular sections on science and technology as well as books and the arts. The Economist does not print by-lines identifying the authors of articles other than surveys and special "by invitation" contribution. WireServicesWire service, or news agency, news service, is a news-gathering organization that distributes syndicated copy electronically to subscribers.Some major wire services in the world are AP, UPI, Reuters, PA, AFP and DPA. The The Associated Associated PressPress (AP AP 美美联联社社 ), is an American news agency. The AP is a cooperative owned by its contributing newspapers, radio and television stations in the United States, which both contribute stories to the AP and use material written by its staffers. Many newspapers and broadcasters outside the United States are AP subscribers, paying a fee to use AP material without being contributive members of the cooperative.As of 2005, the AP's news is published and republished by more than 1,700 newspapers, in addition to more than 5,000 television and radio broadcasters. United United Press Press InternationalInternational (UPI UPI 合合众众国国际际社社 ) is a news agency headquartered in the United States with roots dating back to 1907. UPI's content is presented in text, video and photo formats. Its news stories are filed in English, Spanish and Arabic. Reuters Reuters ( (路路透透社社 )Group Group LimitedLimited is a British based news service and financial market data provider that provides reports from around the world to newspapers and broadcasters. Its main focus was on supplying the financial markets with information and trading products. These included market data, such as share prices and currency rates, research and analytics, as well as trading systems. The Press Press AssociationAssociation ( (报报纸纸联联合合社社) ) is the national news agency of the United Kingdom, supplying news to almost all national and local newspapers, TV & radio as well as many websites. The PA produces 150 to 200 stories on weekdays.The choice of stories by the PA has a large impact on coverage in UK media. It is also considered a highly trusted source by organisations such as the BBC which treats it as "a confirmed, single source". Agence Agence France-PresseFrance-Presse (AFP AFP 法法新新社社) is the oldest news agency in the world, and one of the three largest with Associated Press and Reuters. It is also the largest French news agency.AFP is based in Paris, with regional centres in Washington, Hong Kong, Nicosia尼科西亚(塞浦路斯首都), and Montevideo 蒙得维的亚(乌拉圭首都and bureaux in 110 countries. It transmits news in French, English, Arabic, Spanish, German, and Portuguese. Deutsche Deutsche Presse-Agentur Presse-Agentur GmbHGmbH (DPA (DPA 德德新新社社) ) (German Press Agency) is a news agency founded in 1949 in Germany. Based in Hamburg, it has grown to be a major worldwide operation serving print media, radio, television, online, mobile phones and national news agencies. News is available in German, English, Spanish and Arabic. Deutsche Deutsche Presse-Agentur Presse-Agentur GmbHGmbH (dpa)(dpa) is the biggest Press Agency in Germany. StructuralElementsofNewsNews is mainly composed of headline, lead and body.Sometimes a subtitle and a dateline are also parts of news.Headline—The head of a story, in newsman's jargon. Subtitle—A phrase, sentence or several sentences near the title of an article or story. A Yawning Trade Gap Could Swallow The RecoveryA Yawning Trade Gap Could Swallow The RecoveryStronger demand will lift imports as weakness aboard pummels exportsSteamingSteamingThe Chinese economy is growing at its fastest for years. Is it overheating?Another Bush, Another Jobless RecoveryAnother Bush, Another Jobless RecoveryThe jobs market look bleak and the president’s tax cut is unlikely to help A datelinedateline is a short piece of text included in news articles that describes where and when the story was written or filed, though the date is often omitted. Datelines are traditionally placed on the first line of the text of the article, before the first sentence. A typical newspaper dateline might read:PARIS, France, June 2 — The outlook was uncertain today as ... The same story if pulled from the Associated Press (AP) wire might appear asPARIS (AP) — The outlook was uncertain today as ... The most important structural element of a story is the leadlead—the story's first, or leading, sentence. Writing a lead is an optimization problem, in which the goal is to articulate the most encompassing and interesting statement that a writer can make in one sentence, given the material with which he or she has to work. While a rule of thumb says the lead should answer most or all of the 5 Ws, few leads can fit all of these. Article leads are sometimes categorized into hard leads and soft leads. A hard hard leadlead aims to provide a comprehensive thesis which tells the reader what the article will cover. A soft soft leadlead introduces the topic in a more creative, attention-seeking fashion. Example Hard-Lead DesignExample Hard-Lead DesignHumans will be going to the moon again. The NASA announcement came as the agency requested ten gazillion dollars of appropriations for the project. ... Example Soft-Lead DesignExample Soft-Lead DesignNASA is proposing another space project. The agency, announced today, included a plan to send another person to the moon. This time the agency hopes to establish a long-term facility as a jumping-off point for other space adventures. The budget requests approximately ten gazillion dollars for the project. ... The lead is your promise to the reader. It must:The lead is your promise to the reader. It must:ü Capture Capture the the essence essence ofofyour storyyour storyü Encourage the reader to continueEncourage the reader to continue NewsStructureJournalism instructors usually describe the organization or structure of a news story as an inverted pyramid. The journalist top-loads the essential and most interesting elements of his or her story, with supporting information following in order of diminishing importance.This structure enables readers to quit reading at any point and still come away with the essence of a story. The inverted pyramid form uIntroduction containing most important or most interesting informationuMore factsuSupporting information or backgrounduQuotes or more facts of lesser importanceuMinor detailuLeast significant information Example The New York Times①ROME, Nov.8—A provincial prosecutor, his driver and his bodyguard were machine-gunned to death on a country road south of here today by political terrorists, who also wounded one of their accomplices and later killed him.②The killings called into doubt statements by the Government that it had crippled terrorist organizations through arrests of key leaders. ③Two leftist terrorist groups, Front Line and Fighting Formations for communism, both took responsibility for the killings. Both are related to the Red Brigades terrorist organization.④The official who was killed, Fedele Calvosa, 59 years old, was chief prosecutor for Frosinone, an area south of Rome, and was deputy prosecutor for Rome. He was on his way to work when his car was ambushed. The two other victims were Giuseppe Pagliel, 29, Mr. Calvosa’s bodyguard, and Luciano Rossi, 24, his driver. TypesofJournalismNews 消息Feature 特写Editorial & commentary 社论和评论AdvertisementCartoon NewsNews is any new information or information on current events which is presented by print, broadcast, Internet, or word of mouth to a third party or mass audience. News, the reporting of current information on television and radio, and in newspapers and magazines. A feature feature storystory (also known as a feature article) is an article in a newspaper, a magazine, or a news website that is not meant to report breaking news, but to take an in-depth look at a subject. Features are often significantly longer than news articles, are more likely to be written from a personal perspective, and unlike news stories do not always deal with the events of the immediate past. Editorials are opinion pieces, written by members of the editorial board of the paper. They reflect the stance of the paper and, in English-language papers, usually do not have bylines. The commentaries (opinions) expressed on op-ed (opposite editorial专栏版,特写稿版 ) pages reflect those of the individual authors, not the paper. The articles have bylines and are written by individual free-lance writers, guest opinion writers, or columnists of the paper. LanguageCharacteristicsofEconomicNewsPhrases related to names, places, departments and positions.More informal/daily used words than formal words.“According to” analysts/authoritative sources/AP reports/Commercial circle… ①In a thinly veiled reference to China, finance ministers of the Group of 7 Industrialized Countries, meeting last weekend in Boca Raton, Florida, said that more flexibility in exchange rates is desirable for major countries or economic areas that lack such flexibility.②The cap on holdings by a single overseas investor will be lifted to 20 percent from 15 percent as part of measures to help banks boost capital and sell shares to the public.Vs. Selling stakes in the four state-owned banks would cap a decade of government asset sales.③Exports rose a year-on-year 29 percent to US$ 69.9 billion in the first two months and imports jumped 42 percent to US$ 77.8 billion, according to the Ministry of Commerce Website. Economic terminologyFigureLong sentence④German business sentiment remained near its 15-year high point in August, but confidence about the economy’s immediate outlook was overshadowed by concern about the impact next year of an increase in sales tax and a possible slowdown in exports. ⑤Buoyed by record consumer spending and exports, the Thai economy is on tract to grow 6 percent this year, economists say.⑥Following pressure from Rome for the country’s fragmented banking sector to consolidate to help ward off foreign takeovers, Italy’s second-and third-largest banks said Thursday they might merge in a move that would create one of Europe’ biggest financial services companies. Meanings of words vary in different contexts.⑦Newly industrializing economies (NIEs) South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan are expected to grow between 6 and 8 percent in 1996 and 1997.⑧New Zealand said Wednesday that the unemployment rate rose to 4.6 percent in the fourth quarter, the first increase in more than a year, as more people looked for work and the economy added fewer jobs that the economy expected. ⑨A separate statistics office report on Thursday confirmed that Europe’s biggest economy had expanded at its strongest rate in more than five years in the second quarter and a newspaper reported that the International Monetary Fund had raised its 2006 growth forecast to 2 percent.⑩Businesses in October were the most optimistic about the economy since June 2002. LearningMethodsWords related to business and financeBackground informationReading—from extensive reading to intensive readingSuitable materials—from easy ones to difficult ones WordsonEconomicNewsPublicly traded lender 上市银行Pilot project 示范项目The bank reserve ratio 银行储备金率 Current climate 当前形势Inflationary rate 通货膨胀率Trading restrictions 贸易壁垒Immediate outlook 近期前景Stock options 股票期权 Brussels 布鲁塞尔(比利时首都) ,欧盟总部所在地，指欧盟Rome 罗马，指意大利政府Outsourcing 工作外流，外聘Fiscal year 财政年度Planned economy 计划经济 Insurance policy 保险单In short supply 供不应求Goods in stock 现货Most favored nation clause 最惠国条款Trade balance 贸易差额 Share/stock 股份Recovery复原，恢复以前的繁荣record high 打破新记录，创造历史最高点boom （商业等）景气、繁荣；（股票价格）激增，暴涨active trading 交易活跃 ExercisesNew Zealand’s employment participation rate, which measures the proportion of the population working or seeking employment, rose to 66.6 percent from 66.3 percent in the second quarter.The proportion of wage rate that rose by 5 percent or more in the fourth quarter was the highest in 10 years, according to a government report last week. Companies that agreed to wage increase did so mainly to match market rates and retain staff, the reporter said. “We regarded the revival in profits as a good leading indicator of hiring and investment.”Economists said that OPEC’s production cut, while unlikely to push price up enough to damage the world economy, could hamper its recovery.Steven Dunaway, head of the Fund’s China team, acknowledged on Tuesday that its assessments could be seen to weaken the arguments of US manufacturers struggling to compete with cheaper Chinese imports. Washington could make significant cuts in China’s textile quotas if an agreement could not be reached before the deadline.China’s state banks are under no obligation to give lines of credit to loss-making, state-owned enterprises which should be left to sink or swim.Chinese officials warned Friday morning that there was still no guarantee of a final agreement and stressed that China would not sacrifice its principles to secure an accord. 。