课题名称形容词和副词(一) 教学目标 同步教学知识内容 形容词和副词: 1 、形容词及其用法; 2、以-ly结尾的形容词; 3、3、用形容词表示类别和整体 个性化学习问题解决形容词、副词的比较级 教学重点 1、形容词及其用法;以 -ly结尾的形容词;用形容词表示类别和整体 2、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 教学难点形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的变形 教学内容 形容词和副词 一、形容词及其用法 形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征通常,可将形容词分成性质形 容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面 一般形容词 1) 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以 用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语例如:hot 热的 2) 叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词这类形容词没有级的变 化,也不可用程度副词修饰大多数以a 开头的形容词都属于这一类例如: afraid 害怕的 (错)He is an ill man. (对)The man is ill. (错)She is an afraid girl. (对)The girl is afraid. 这类词还有: well ,unwell ,ill,faint ,afraid ,alike ,alive ,alone , asleep ,awake 等 3) 形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。
但是如果形容词修饰以 -thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如: something nice 以-ly结尾的形容词 1) 大部分形容词加 -ly可构成副词但 friendly, deadly , lovely , lonely , likely, lively,ugly ,brotherly,仍为形容词 改错: ( 错) She sang lovely. (错) He spoke to me very friendly. (对) Her singing was lovely. (对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2)有些以 -ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词 daily,weekly,monthly ,yearly ,early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 二、 用形容词表示类别和整体 构成法原级比较级最高级 单音节词和少数双音节词,加词 尾-er ,-est 来构成比较级和最 高级 tall(高的) taller tallest great( 伟大的 ) greater greatest 以不发音的 e 结尾的单音词和少 数以- le结尾的双音节词只加 -r,-st nice( 好的) nicer nicest large( 大的) larger largest able (有能力 的) abler ablest 以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单 音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母, 再加-er ,-est big( 大的) bigger biggest hot( 热的) hotter hottest 以辅音字母 +y结尾的双音节 词,改 y 为 i ,再加 -er ,-est easy( 容易的 ) easier easiest busy( 忙的) busier busiest 少数以 -er ,-ow 结尾的双音节词 未尾加 -er ,-est 其他双音节词 和多音节词,在前多音节词,在 前面加 more, most 来构成比较级 和最高级 clever( 聪明 的) cleverer cleverest narrow( 窄的) narrower narrowest important(重 要的) more important most important easily(容易 地) more easily most easily 1) 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。
如:the dead, the living,the rich,the poor ,the blind,the hungry The poor are losing hope. 2) 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用 the British,the English,the French ,the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor. 三、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级变化规则 大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最 高级,用来表示事物的等级差别原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化 和不规则变化两种 1) 规则变化 2) 不规则变化 原级比较级最高级 good(好的)/ well(健康的 ) better best bad (坏的)/ ill(有病的 ) worse worst old (老的) older/elder oldest/eldest much/many(多的) more most little(少的) less least far (远的) farther/further farthest/furthest 四、课后练习 一 选出正确的选项 1.It s surprising that ____ little children could do ____ much work. A. such; so B. so; such C. such; such D. so; so 2.How ____ the song sounds! A. pleasure B. pleased C. pleasant D. pleasantly 3.They dug ____ into the earth, hoping to find something of ____. A. deep; value B. deeply; value C. deep; valuable D. deeply; valuable 4.John was so sleepy that he could not keep his eyes ____. A. open B. opened C. to open D. opening 5.It s not ____ whether hell return the book to me soon. A. certain B. certainly C. sure D. surely 6.The people there were ____ young students between the ages of 13 and 15. A. most B. much C. mostly D. at most 7.We can do the work with ____ money and ____ people. A. less; few B. less; fewer C. little; less D. fewer; less 8.What a ____ day we are having today! A. lovely B. likely C. lively D. interestingly 9.He is said to be the best-known musician ____. A. alive B. living C. live D. lively 10.Open your mouth ____ and say “Ah”. A. wide B. widely C. more wide D. larger 11These oranges taste____. A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well 二 写出下列形容词或副词的比较级 old__________ young________ tall_______ long________ short________ strong________ big________ small_______ fat_________ thin__________ heavy______ light________ nice_________ good_________ beautiful__________________ low__________ high_________ slow_______ fast________ late__________ early_________ far_________ well_______ 三 根据句意填入单词的正确形式: 1. My brother is two years __________(old)than me. 2. Tom is as ________(fat) as Jim. 3. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes,she is. 4. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen? Helen is. 5. Whose pencil-box is __________(big),yours or hers? Hers is. 6. Mary s hair is as __________(long) as Lucys. 7.Ben ______ (jump) ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class. 8.________ Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _____. 9.Fangfang is not as _________ (tall) as the other girls. 10.My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she). 11.Which is ___________(heavy),the elephant or the pig? 12.Who gets up _________(early),Tim or Tom? 13._____the girls get up_______(early) than the boys?No,they______. 14. Jim runs _____(slow). But Ben runs _____(slow).。