英语)英语句子结构与成分解题技巧和训练方法及练习题(含答案)含解析一、句子结构与成分1.The sentence structure of "Who knows the answer?" is " ". A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+DO+C【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:句子"Who knows the answer?"是什么结构?A.主语+谓语+宾语;B.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;C.主语+谓语+间接宾语+宾语补足语who是主语;knows是谓语;the answer是宾语,故选A 【点评】考查句子结构,注意平时识记其分类2.John calls his dog Eddie. The structure of the sentence is _______. A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意:约翰叫他的狗Eddie.这个句子的结构是_____________.根据句子可知这个句子的结构是:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。
故答案为D点评】考查句子成分牢记句子成分3.Choose the correct structure(结构) of this sentence "He lent me a book." A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+P D. S+V+DO+OC【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意“He lent me a book”he为主语S;lent为谓语V;me为间接宾语IO; a book为直宾DO故结构为S+V+IO+DO点评】此题考查简单句的结构4.What is the sentence pattern(句型)of the sentence"Linda bought a book yesterday."? A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V +IO +DO D. S+V+O+OC【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意:"Linda bought a book yesterday."属于哪种句型。
A是主谓结构;B是主谓宾结构;C是主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语;D是主谓+宾语+宾补Linda是主语(S);bought是谓语动词(V),a book是宾语(O);故答案为C点评】考查简单句的基本结构5.The young man ________ glasses is my teacher. A. wear B. wears C. put on D. with【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意:带着眼镜的年轻人是我的老师这个句子是简单句,根据is可知句子结构是系表结构,wear穿着,戴着,动词,put on穿上,戴上,动词短语,所以A,B,C三个选项都不正确,故选D点评】此题考查简单句的结构注意句子成分结构6.The boy_______ black hair_______ a blue coat. A. has; has B. with; in C. has; wears D. with; wears【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意:留着黑头发的男孩穿着一件蓝色大衣。
一个句子中不能出现两个谓语动词故选项A和C错误,B选项两个介词,放在句中缺少谓语动词,with具有,with black hair留着黑头发,介词短语修饰主语the boy, wear穿着,谓语动词,根据主语the boy,wear用第三人称单数结构,故选D点评】此题考查句子结构成分注意句子的成分和句子的结构7.Gina's books _______ in the room. A. is everywhere B. are everywhere C. is at everywhere D. are at everywhere【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意:Gina的书在房间里到处都是主语是Gina's books,复数,用are,everywhere是一个副词,前面不需要用介词,故选B点评】考查主系表结构牢记主谓一致,并注意everywhere的用法8.He ________ several months every year. A. travels with B. travels in C. travels for D. traveled【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意:他每年在外旅游好几个月。
由every year可知为一般现在时简单句,主语+不及物动词,travel,不及物动词,不能直接跟名词作宾语,中间需连接必要的介词,for,主语是he,故用travels,故选C点评】考查主语+不及物动词,注意句子时态9.A band ________ in the park yesterday. A. playing B. was playing C. was played D. played【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意:乐队在公园里演奏根据yesterday,可知用过去进行时,简单句,主语+不及物动词,play,不及物动词,演奏,故选D点评】考查主语+不及物动词,注意句子时态10.I feel very lonely, and my eyes fill with tears. (选出表语) A. feel B. lonely C. my eyes D. fill【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:我感到很孤独,我的眼中充满泪水。
feel,感觉,系动词,后面跟形容词作表语,lonely意为孤单的,形容词,作表语 【点评】此题考查句子的结构成分根据句子的结构确定每个划线部分在句子中充当的成分,选出正确答案11.What is your new speech on, Mr. Smith?(选出宾语) A. What B. your new speech C. on D. Mr. Smith【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:你的演讲是关于什么,史密斯先生?on 介词后面跟宾语,特殊疑问词what在句中作on的宾语,故选A 【点评】此题考查句子成分根据句子结构确定划线部分在句中的成分,选出正确答案12.Which structure is right? A. Your father is ill in bed.(S+V) B. Your friend fell down.(S+V+O) C. Your team won the match.(S+V+O+OC) D. He seems ill.(S+V+P)【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意: 哪个结构是正确的? A is 是系动词,故是主系表结构形式,S+V表示主谓,B fell 是不及物动词,故是主谓形式,S+V+O 表示主谓宾,C the match是宾语,故是主谓宾形式,S+V+O+O表示主谓双宾,Dseem是系动词,故是主系表形式, S+V+P 表示主系表,故选D。
【点评】考查句子结构,注意seem是系动词的用法13.'My father bought me a new watch yesterday.' It is a structure of_________. A. S+V+P B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+DO+CO D. S+V+DO【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:昨天我爸给我买了一块新手表它是 S+V+IO+DO结构My father(主语S)+bought(谓语V)+me(间接宾语ID)+a new watch(直接宾语DO),故选B 【点评】考查句结构和成分注意识记S+V+IO+DO结构的用法14.If you go there, you can ______.A. by bus B. go on foot C. take with a car D. by train to go【答案】B 【解析】【分析】根据句子成分,on foot作go的方式状语,其他选项句子成分错误,故选B。
点评】考查句子成分结构15.You may know all the words on the right, but which of the following carries meaning? A. A friend self is a second. B. A second is self a friend.C. A friend is a second self. D. Self a second is a friend.【答案】 C 。