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1、 一 概念填空1 Intercultural communication refers to communication between people of different cultural background. It includes international, interracial, inter-ethnic and interregional communication.Culture is shared by a group of people common to the definitions:2 Culture is what distinguishes human be
2、ings from animals. It is human endeavor and its outcome. Culture includes patterns of behavior, beliefs and values and artifacts.3 The arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively The customs, civilizations, and achievements of a particular time or people Dic
3、tionary definition of Culture by (COD):4 “Culture may be defined as what a society does and thinks. Language is a particular how of thought.” “Culture is the socially inherited assemblage of practices and beliefs that determines the texture of our lives.”(1921) by Edward Sapir: “Culture consists of
4、patterns, explicit and implicit, of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievement of human groups, including their embodiments in artifacts; the essential core of culture consists of traditional (i.e. historically derived and selected) ideas and espec
5、ially their attached values.”(1952)(Kroeber and Kluckhohn)6 Culture is “software of the mind”. “The collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one human group from another. (1980) Geert Hofstede7 Communication refers to the act and process of sending and receiving messages
6、 among peopleZhang Guo-liang8 Nonverbal communication refers to communication without the use of words, also called body language（体态语）.9 Nonverbal communication includes communication through the use of facial expressions, gestures and postures, eye contact（目光接触）, touch, clothing, silence, time, and
7、 space.10 Values：“ones principles or standards: ones judgment of what is valuable or important in life”. Concise Oxford Dictionary（简明词典）:11 “abroad tendency to prefer certain states of affairs over others.” Hofstede:“a conception, explicit or implicit, distinctive of an individual or characteristic
8、of a group, of the desirable which influences the selection from available modes, means, and ends of action”.Kluckhohn:12 Idioms, or conventionalized multiword expressions, are fixed expressions formed during the process of language use over ages.A phraseological unit involving at least two polysemo
9、us constituents, and in which there is a reciprocal contextual selection of subsenses will be called an idiom.Weinreichs definition of an idiomAccording to U. Weinreichs definition of idioms, one of the pre-requisites is that they should contain more than two words.Scope of idioms13 We study intercu
10、ltural communication because we want to communicate more effectively with people from other cultures.14 Components of communication ：Sender Decoding Encoding Recipient (receiver) Message Response Channel Feedback15 Values consist of something to believe in, to be devoted to, by which to structure ou
11、r morality.16 Individualism indicates the extent to which a society is a loosely knit social framework in which people are supposed to take care only of themselves and their immediate families.17 Collectivism indicates a tight social framework in which people distinguish between in-groups and out-gr
12、oups and expect their in-group to look after them二 正误判断1 Smog is not an idiom, because it consists of only one word.2 run a school just habitual collocation, not an idiom.3 habitual collocations do not belong to idioms.4 heart and soul, habitual collocations5 bag and baggage idioms6 tournures (rain
13、cats and dogs, follow the plough,7 slang (kick the bucket, snuff it)8 Proverbs (Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise; Actions speaker louder than words, etc.)9 phrasal verbs make up, take off, turn out10 tournures pull a long face, turn a cold shoulder to11 irreversib
14、le binomials track and field, food and drink12 phrasal compounds blackmail, blacksmith13 incorporating verbs eavesdrop14 pseudo-idioms spick and span, bill and coo15 Proverbs A little pot is soon hot; All that glitters is not gold.16 familiar quotations not a mouse stirring17 idioms of understatemen
15、t and hyperbole I wasnt too crazy about him. He wont even lift a finger. 18 pure idioms full of beans be energetic19 semi-idioms run a school(open) foot the bill (pay) blue film (obscene)20 literal idioms in all one day No pains, no gains. Cultures vary according to the degree of acceptability/ nonacceptability they assign to certain topics. In other words, there are some topics we would prefer to talk about and others we would prefer not to talk about.(1) One anothers children
