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1、Fuzzy goal programming for inventory management: A bacterial foraging approach 库存管理模糊目标规划：细菌觅食算法a b s t r a c t摘要An efcient inventory planning approach in todays global trading regime is necessary not only for increasing the prot margin, but also to maintain system exibility for achieving higher cus
2、tomer satisfaction. Such an approach should hence be comprised of a prudent inventory policy and ar clesatisfaction of stakeholders goals. Relative signicance given to various objectives in a supply chain network varies with product as well as time. In this paper, a model is proposed to ll this void
3、 for a single product inventory control of a supply chain consisting of three echelons. A generic modication proposed to the membership functions of the fuzzy goal-programming approach is used to mathematically map the aspiration levels of the decision maker. The bacterial foraging algorithm has bee
4、n modied with enhancement of the algorithms capability to map integer solution spaces and utilised to solve resulting fuzzy multi-objective function. An illustrative example comprehensively covers various decision scenarios and highlights the underlying managerial insights.在今天的全球贸易体制下，一个有效的库存规划方法不仅能
5、够提高边际利润，还能为达到较高的客户满意度维持一定得的系统弹性。因此这个方法应该由谨慎的库存策略和利益相关者目标的清晰的满意度组成。要根据产品和时间的不同给予供应链网络中的不同目标以不同的重要性。本文提出了一个包括三个层次的模型去填补供应链上单一产品的无效性。模糊目标规划方法的从属函数的通用修正可以用于映射决策者的数学期望水平。细菌锻造算法已经被放大修正了算法容量，以映射整数解空间和用于求解由此产生的多目标函数。一个说明示例要全面涵盖不同决策方案和强调基础管理的洞察力。1.introductionLeading manufacturing and distribution companies
6、strive to make inventory management as one of their core competencies. This fact ascribes pivotal importance to this eld among the research community and industrial practitioners. Global nature of operations, volatile market conditions and erce competition make it imperative to devise new policies t
7、o maintain higher service levels in the lowest possible cost and time. Inventory management has thus become a vital part of any supply chain. Inventory management seeks to integrate the decision procedure for the whole supply chain and nds optimal inventory policies to meet the current aspiration le
8、vels from the supply chain. Efcient Inventory management policy not only regulates the costs incurred but also makes the rm more agile.1.引言主营生产和销售的企业都在努力使库存管理成为他们的核心竞争力。这是由于这一问题对从研究团体到工业从业人员来说都至关重要。全球的运营状况，动荡的市场环境和激烈的竞争使得我们有必要去设计一种新的策略去以尽可能低的成本和时间来维持较高的服务水平。在任何一个供应链中库存管理都是非常重要的。库存管理就是要试着整合整个供应链的决策过程
9、，从而去发现最优的库存策略以满足目前供应链的期望水平。有效的库存管理策略不仅要能够控制发生成本，还要是企业运行更加敏捷。A review of supply chain management literature brings out two streams of approaches generally adopted, one considering the individual entities as independent and proposing coordination mechanisms to achieve synergies while other one with ce
10、ntralized control over entire supply chain. Thomas and Grifn (1996) have reviewed the literature addressing coordinated planning between two or more stages of the supply chain. In the other hand, the rst fundamental results on multi-echelon inventory systems were given by Clark and Scarf (1960). Dik
11、s et al. (1996) reviewed multi-echelon systems with a concentration on the interactions between the elements that constitute such a multi-echelon system, in order to determine several performance measures. One of the representative analytical models that consider the whole SC network is the model de
12、veloped by Cohen and Lee (1988). They presented a comprehensive model framework for linking decisions and performance throughout the material-productiondistribution supply chain.Emerson et al. (2009)has considered dynamic reconguration of supply chains over time and developed a knowledge- based fram
13、ework to consider the effect of inventory constraints and goodwill. It is a deviation from extant literature which assumes static supply chain network conguration. Certain models on inventory storage have brought out useful managerial insights.Chopra and Meindl (2001)emphasized on storage of invento
14、ry at local retailers to reduce the delivery times and increase responsiveness, but incurring higher operation costs. Among recent works,Schmitt et al. (2010) present closed-form approximate solution for inventory system of a retailer facing the risk of supply disruption with stochastic demand. This
15、 paper considers a single product multi echelon supply chain and proposes appropriate inventory policy to tune supply chain according to aspirations以往的供应链管理方面的文献主要有两个普遍采用的方法，一是单个实体公司做为独立的个体并提出协调机制以实现协同增效效应，二是集中控制整个供应链。Thomas and Grifn (1996)引用文献综述了在两层及以上供应链中解决协作规划的问题。另一方面，Clark and Scarf (1960)给出了多层
16、库存系统的最重要的结果。Diks et al. (1996)对多层系统中各元素的相互作用进行了综述，从而去确定各元素在多层系统中的绩效。Cohen and Lee (1988)提出了把整个供应链网络都考虑在内的一个有代表性的解析模型，他们提出了一个复杂的模型框架，以连接供应链上从原材料-生产-销售的全部过程。Emerson et al. (2009)研究了随时间变化而进行动态重组的动态供应链，提出了考虑到库存约束和商业信誉作用的一个知识框架，这一论述与现存文献假设供应链网络结构是静态的有一些偏差，这些模型对于库存管理能产生有用的管理洞察力。Chopra and Meindl (2001)强调要本地零售商处惊醒存货储备以减少交易时间，提高响应能力，但是这会产生较高的运行成本。在最近的研究中，Schmitt et al. (2010)提出了零售商库存系统的近似闭型解以应对随机需求下供应中断的风险。本文主要研究单一产品在多层供应链中的情况，提出恰当的库存策略以使供应链的运作与预期一致。.There
