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1、Chapter 13 Scientific Papers Writing Writing Methodologies,The course of scientific papers writing, in a broad sense, is the course of scientific research. It also means the whole course from scratching to finishing the papers in a narrow sense. It will be discussed in the narrow sense in this secti
2、on. The writing course of scientific papers can be divided into the following several steps: choosing a topic, reviewing and collecting information, analyzing the information, summary and organizing ideas, working out an outline, writing the first draft, revising the draft and finalizing the paper.
3、53,Choosing a topic,The choosing and confirmation of the topic is the first step in scientific papers writing. The topic should reflect the ideas and viewpoints refined from concrete materials. These ideas and viewpoints are called the theme. It is the soul of the scientific papers. The value of any
4、 scientific paper depends upon whether the theme is correct and deep or not. After the final conclusion is worked out from the subject, the theme suitable for scientific papers writing is clearly conspicuous.,There are two respects. One is the conclusion proves the original imagination at first when
5、 choosing the topic. Namely the theme has been confirmed at the beginning of choosing the topic. The other is the conclusion in research denies the initial imagination wholly or partly. Thus a new conclusion is drawn. This is a new theme. In brief, the theme is the embodiment of the writing intentio
6、n. There are also some basic principles for choosing a good topic that can present the distillation of the papers.,(1) The topic should be chosen concretely, not trifling and isolated. So the reader can know clearly that what subject is studied. (2) The difficulty of subject should be moderate. It s
7、houldnt be beyond the writers ability. The feasibility of the subject should be considered from every side. (3) The subject should maximize favorable factors and minimize unfavorable ones. Make every effort to fit in with the specialty that the writer studies. (4) The subject had better not be done
8、by forefathers in this discipline. Or forefathers have done something on it, but still not complete or there is falsehood.,(5) The subject direction is a promising direction. (6) Based on discipline, those subjects having certain practical value for national economic construction should be chosen em
9、phatically.,Reviewing and collecting information,The scientific papers are the articles which state the scientific findings. It is a precondition for scientific papers writing to occupy the materials in details. The essence of scientific research is to find the inherent law of things and announce it
10、s true. The laws are always exist in a large number of phenomena and the true essence always is contained in the numerous and complicated materials. To occupy the materials exhaustively, it is possible for the researchers to obtain their inherent laws instead of fabricating conclusions in the analys
11、is and research of materials.,From the points of view of writing, the materials are the flesh and blood of the article. They are also the components of the content, and the backing and pillar of the argument of the thesis. If there is only argument with poor materials and insufficient grounds, it ca
12、nt prove argument clearly, concretely and effectively. The argument will seem unconvincing and unable. The discovery of the problem and the clue of solving the problem always exist in the materials. The more abundant the occupation of the materials is, the clearer the question will be. Only after oc
13、cupy a great deal of materials, can we make clear what the problems that our forefathers havent solved or mentioned yet in the range of research topic. If we collect more materials around these questions, we can make clear where the key of the problems is, and then may find the correct answer to the
14、 question.,Generally, the collection of materiel must follow the following requirements.54 (1) The materials should be absolutely necessary and abundant. Otherwise the theme cant be well displayed because of lacking of essential materials. While writing, the author should catch this kind of material
15、s. Dont adopt the materials having nothing to do with the theme, no matter how difficultly to obtain them. But the materials should be abundant, too. If there is no certain quantity, it is difficult to prove the question clearly, namely so-called “lack of evidence “. Only there is enough quantities,
16、 enough essential materials can be selected from it.,(2) The materials should be true and accurate. The materials should come from the objective reality, namely come from social investigation, production practices and scientific experiment. The scientific papers emphasizes much on scientific. Any untrue or inaccurate materials will make the view lose the credibility and dependability. Thus in order to obtain the true and accurate materials, the research approach, investigation method a
