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1、Chapter 2 Work Study,Unit 1 Method Study Unit 2 Time study Unit 3 Time Measurement Methods Unit 4 Work Sampling,Unit 1 Methods Study,The Definition and Content of Methods Study Steps of Methods Study The Classifications of Methods Study Principles of Motion Economy,Introduction to Work Study,2.Steps
2、 of Methods Study,Selectingthe work to be studied & boundaries to be defined. Recordingthe relevant facts about the job to be recorded. Examining and developingthe way the job to be performed. Six questioning techniques Analysis with “ECRS” principles,3. Classifications of Methods Study,There are th
3、ree main classes of methods study: process analysis operation analysis motion analysis.,Process Analysis,Process analysis is one of the main contents of methods study, by which researchers can completely observe and record the whole production processes and carry out integrated analysis from a macro
4、scopic viewpoint.,Operation Analysis,Man-machine Operation Analysis Construction of the Man-machine Chart Two-hand Process Analysis,Motion Analysis,4.Principles of Motion Economy,I Principles related to the use of human body II Principles related to the arrangement of work place Principles related t
5、o tools and equipment,Unit 2 Time study,What is time study? The methods of determining time standards The significance and purposes of time study Requirements of time study Tools of time study Process of Time Study,What is time study,Time study is one of the work measurement techniques Time study is
6、 a structured process of directly observing and measuring human work in order to establish the time required for completion of the work by a qualified worker when working at a defined level of performance,The methods of determining time standards,Estimates historical records work measurement procedu
7、res,The significance of time study,Accurately established time standards help increase the efficiency of the equipment and the operating personnel Sound standards will mean the difference between the success or failure of a business,Purposes of time study,To determine the time standards and control
8、labor costs. To set up the standard times and take them as the base of payroll. To decide the work schedule and work plan. To determine the standard cost and take it as the evidence of standard budget. To determine the utilization efficiency of machines and to solve the problems on balance of produc
9、tion lines.,Requirements of time study,The operator should be thoroughly acquainted with the new technique before the operation is studied the method must be standardized at all points where it is to be used, before the study begins Researchers of time study should tell all related people that the j
10、ob is to be studied ,Tools of time study,Stopwatch,A Decimal Minute Watch,An Electronic Stopwatch,A Computer-assisted Electronic Stopwatch,Tools of time study,Videotape Cameras Time Study Board Time Study Forms,Process of Time Study,Selecting the operator Analyzing the job Breaking it down into elem
11、ents Recording the elapsed elemental values Performance rating the operator Assigning appropriate allowances,The standard time,Definition: the time required for a fully qualified, trained operator, working at a standard pace and exerting average effort The standard time is calculated by the followin
12、g equations: NT = OT R/100 ST = NT + NT Allowance = NT (1+Allowance),Unit 3 Time Measurement Methods,Direct Time Study a method of using time measurement to determine the standard time. When recording the watch readings, note only the necessary digits and omit the decimal point, thus giving as much
13、time as possible to observing the performance of the operator,Two techniques used for recording the elemental times,1.The continuous timing method Presents a complete record of the entire observation period Be better adapted to measuring and recording very short elements More clerical work is involv
14、ed,Two techniques used for recording the elemental times,2.The snapback technique No clerical time is needed Delays are not recorded Encourages the removal of individual elements from the operation,Comparison of Two Methods,Some time study researchers use both methods, believing that studies of pred
15、ominantly long elements are more adapted to snapback readings, while short-cycle studies are better suited to the continuous method,Cycles in Study,Determining how many cycles to study to arrive at an equitable standard is a subject that has caused considerable discussion The activity of the job and
16、 its cycle time directly influences the number of cycles that can be studied from an economic standpoint,Performance Rating,The basic principle of performance rating is to adjust the mean observed time (OT) for each element performed during the study to the normal time (NT) that would be required by the qualified operator to perform the same work,Adding Allowances,No operator can maintain a standard pace every minute of the working day. Allowances must be added to the stan
