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1、三、概括词汇类,专题四 第二节 分类突破,真题研析,微技能突破,内容索引,随堂限时练,真题研析,(2016江苏) An Extension of the Human Brain Other people can help us compensate for our mental and emotional deficiencies(欠缺)，much as a wooden leg can compensate for a physical deficiency.To be exact，other people can extend our intelligence and help us un
2、derstand and adjust our emotions.When another person helps us in such ways，he or she is participating in what Ive called a “social prosthetic(义肢的) system.” Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face，and its clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic system
3、s.Its already a big bank of many minds.Even in its current state，the Internet has extended my memory and judgment.,Regarding memory: Once I look up something on the Internet，I dont need to keep all the details for future useI know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so
4、.More generally，the Internet functions as if it were my memory.This function of the Internet is particularly striking when Im writing; Im no longer comfortable writing if Im not connected to the Internet.Its become natural to check facts as I write，taking a minute or two to dip into PubMed，Wikipedia
5、，or other websites.,Regarding judgment: The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large.For example，when Im writing a textbook，it has become second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term，which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning.But more than that，I now regul
6、arly compare my views with those of many others.If I have a “new idea，” I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it，or something similarand I then compare what I think with what others have thought.This certainly makes my own views clearer.Moreover，I can find out whethe
7、r my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet.,These effects of the Internet have become even more striking since Ive begun using a smartphone.I now regularly pull out my phone to check a fact，watch a video，read weibo.Such activities fill the space
8、s that used to be dead time (such as waiting for somebody to arrive for a lunch meeting). But thats the upside(好处).The downside is that in those dead periods I often would let my thoughts flow and sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea.Those opportunities are now fewer and farther betwee
9、n.,考场思维模式 第一步：读表格，填出较简单的概括性词汇题 文章标题是“人类大脑的延伸”， 然后分为三个部分：假肢给我们带来的好处，网络的优点，智能手机的优点。其中第78题是概括词汇类，78题根据其右表信息和文章的最后两段可知既提到了智能手机的优点也提到了其缺点，所以这是智能手机的正反两方面内容，所以使用形容词“mixed/two”，故第78题填mixed/two。,第二步：定位、定词、定性、定形 任务型阅读表格高度概括了原文信息，为了节约时间并且提高解题的针对性，先读表格内容，然后在原文中进行定位。定位后进行定词。定词后要定性(如名词、动词、形容词、副词)，最后定形(如单复数、非谓语形式、
10、大小写等)。,1.原文词汇类 71.答案 Internet 解析 根据第一段第四句“Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face，and its clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems.”可知因特网可以拓宽社会义肢系统的范围，也就是说网络可以弥补我们精神和情感上的缺陷。,2.转换词汇类 72.答案 participates/joins 解析 根据第一段最后两句“Its already a big bank
11、of many minds.Even in its current state，the Internet has extended my memory and judgment.”可知动词短语“participate/join in”符合句意。 73.答案 keeping 解析 根据第二段第一句“Once I look up something on the Internet，I dont need to keep all the details.”可知动词短语“keep.in mind记住”，在表格中放在介词without的后面，要使用动名词keeping的形式。,74.答案 all/dif
12、ferent/various 解析 根据第三段第一句“The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large.”可知原文中“matters small and large”就是“all/different/various”的事情。 75.答案 heart/core 解析 根据第三段第二句“.which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning”可知网络能让我们找到事物的核心并理解其真正含义。故短语“the core/heart of the matter”和原文中“
13、dig into the core”语义一致。,76.答案 check 解析 根据第三段第四句“If I have a new idea， I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it，or something similarand I then compare what I think with what others have thought.”可知当我们有了新的观点以后，我们会上网检查核对别人是否已经有了同样的观点，并对自己的行动做出判断。表格中check与原文语义一致。,79.答案 c
14、onvenient 解析 根据第四段后两句“I now regularly pull out my phone to check a fact，watch a video，read weibo.Such activities fill the spaces that used to be dead time (such as waiting for somebody to arrive for a lunch meeting).”可知我们可以使用智能手机随时查信息，看视频，读微博，使用起来非常方便。所以使用形容词convenient。,80.答案 reduce 解析 根据文章最后两句“The
15、downside is that in those dead periods I often would let my thoughts flow and sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea.Those opportunities are now fewer and farther between.”(在过去那些“dead periods”时，我总会有一些灵光一现的神来之念，但是现在这些时间都被智能手机占用了。这无疑就减少了这些神来之念的可能性。)可知表格中应为“reduce the possibility”。,3.概括词汇类
16、77.答案 judge 解析 根据第三段最后一句“Moreover，I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet.”(而且在网络上阅读其他人的信息，让我判断我的行为是否合理)，所以表格里使用动词judge。 第三步：复查并将答案填在答题卡上 复查完确认没有修改之后，将试卷上所写答案填在答题卡规定区域，注意要认真书写，不能潦草。,微技能突破,典型的任务型阅读题目通常设置分为两栏，左边是文章提纲(passage outline)，右边是支持性细节或者论据(supporting details)。概括词汇类要求能够最大程度地覆盖右栏信息，同时具有简洁性。这就要求考生对全文或段落进行总体语篇把握，通过观察表格的设置特点，从而归纳和概括出所考查的单词。 概括词汇要求考生能够准确无误地概括出文章的主题，能够在概括的基础上进行推断、归纳、抽象并提炼出文章主旨或者重要信息，
